OBJECTIVETo study the related risk factors for surgical site infection following Pilon fracture surgery. METH ODS: The data of 561 patients with Pilon fractures treated with open reduction plate osteosynthesis at our institution's trauma centre were collected from January 2006 to December 2012. All the patients were divided into two groups: infection group and non-infection group. In the infection group, there were 23 males and 10 females, ranging in age from 21 to 69 years old, with an average of (45.50±4.40) years old. In the non-infection group, there were 296 males and 232 females, ranging in age from 16 to 76 years old, with an average of (43.50±7.19) years old. The possible risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, diabetes, alcohol abuse, open fractures, compartment syndrome and operative time were studied. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk, factors.

RESULTSThe infection rate of surgical site after Pilon fracture surgery was 5.88%. There were significant statistical differences between infection group and non-infection group in operative time, open fractures and compartment syndrome. However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that only operative time was significantly associated with surgical site infection (P=0.005, OR=44.92).

CONCLUSIONOperation time is an independent predictor for post-operative surgical site infection of Pilon fracture treated with open reduction plate osteosynthesis. Though open fracture and compartment syndrome could increase the surgical site infection rate, they could not not be considered as independent predictors.

Adult ; Compartment Syndromes ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Risk Factors ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcined bovine bone(CBB)in the repair of animal bone defects.Methods:Ca-nine alveolar bone defect model,rat and rabbit calvarial critical size defect models were established respectively.All animals were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=6).The defects in the experimental group were repaire with CBB,those in the control group were not treated.The effects were observed by HE staining,Micro CT and Masson trichrome staining.Results:Canin alveolar bone de-fects were well repaired 8 week after operation.The skull defects in rabbits and SD rats were replaced by new bone 1 2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.In all the control groups bone defects were not healed or not completely repaired.Conclusion:CBB is ef-fective in the repair of bone defects.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of peritoneal dialysis(PD) in premature infants with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Guangdong Province Maternal and Children Hospital, 12 premature infants underwent continuous PD due to ARF from March 2012 to March 2015, without using any antibiotics in the dialysis fluid.Before and after dialysis, the changes of serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium and pH were compared.The complications (blockage, leakage, infection and necrotizing enterocolitis) and gastrointestinal nutrition situation were observed.Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for statistical analysis.Results Among the 12 premature infants, the underlying causes of ARF were sepsis (n=9), perinatal asphyxia (n=2), twin twin transfusion syndrome (n=l).The average gestational age was (30.9±3.2) weeks, the average body weight (before PD) was (1 461 ±525) g, the duration of PD was (3.8±2.6) d.Complications associated with PD included leakage (n=3) and peritonitis (n=2) in which Candids albicans and Klebsiella pneumonia were identified in ascites.Gastrointestinal nutrition was built up in six cases within one to four days after dialysis, among which one developing necrotizing enterocolitis on the 7th d after feeding.Finally, eight babies died (six died after initiative discontinued treatment and two died because of critically illness) and four patients were cured and discharged.Lower serum urea nitrogen and potassium levels and higher pH value were shown after dialysis than before [(9.16 ± 3.15) vs (12.71 ±6.98) mmol/L;(4.36±0.82) vs (6.24± 1.72) mmol/L;7.32±0.17 vs 7.21 ±0.17;Z=-2.118,-2.197 and-2.981, all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PD is an alternative safe and effective treatment for premature infants with ARF due to its simplicity both in manipulation and equipment requirement.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of dysmenorrhea among female college students in Changchun city, so as to provide scientific basis for health promotion and effective preventive measurement. Methods Non-randomized convenience sampling and face to face interview were used to collect information from female college students aged between 17 and 25 years in 14 universities in Changchun. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to analyze influencing factors of dysmenorrhea. Results The average age of 1 071 subjects was 21.21 ± 1.83 years. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 86.55%. The proportion of mild dysmenorrhea among the subjects was 62.56%, followed by 33.01% with moderate dysmenorrhea and 4.43% with severe dysmenorrhea; 80.76% of subjects paid attention to keep warm in the daily life. Normal BMI, sleeping before 23 o'clock or between 23 to 24 o'clock, taking exercise frequently or everyday might be the protective factors of dysmenorrhea, and the OR values (95% CI) were respectively as 0.60 (0.37-0.97), 0.56 (0.37-0.84), 0.42 (0.22-0.78) and 0.63(0.42-0.97). Tension and the family history of dysmenorrhea might be the risk factors, and the OR values (95%CI) were respectively 1.63 (1.10-2.41), 4.84 (2.80-8.35). Conclusion The prevalence of dysmenorrhea is high among female college students. Lacking exercise, BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2, staying up late, tension and the family history of dysmenorrhea may be the influencing factors of dysmenorrhea among female college students.

Aim To study on the mitochondrial mass change in mouse thymocyte apoptosis.Method Control and Dexamethasone(DEX) groups were set;at 6h,we studied mitochondrial mass changes by NAO and Mitotracker Green(MG) staining flowcytometry and detected mitochondrial membrane potential change with DiOC_6(3) staining flowcytometry.We also used Annexin V-PE/MG double staining flocytometry to examine the mitochondrial changes in apoptosis progress.Results NAO staining results showed that 1 ?mol?L~(-1) DEX stimulation reduced the cardiolipin content of thymocyte mitochondria(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Huayu Tongbi Recipe (HTR) combined methotrexate (MTX) in treating refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RRA).

METHODSTotally 167 RRA patients were assigned to the treatment group (73 cases) and the control group (94 cases) according to different therapeutic methods. Patients in the treatment group were treated with HTR combined MTX, while those in the control group were treated with leflunomide (LEF) combined MTX. Clinical signs and symptoms, RF, CRP, ESR, disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and safety indicators were compared between the two groups before treatment, at week 12 and 24 after treatment. The efficacy and safety indices were also evaluated.

RESULTSAt week 12 after treatment the total effective rate was 82.2% (60/73 cases) in the treatment group and 79.8% (75/94 cases) in the control group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (chi2 = 0.15, P > 0.05). At week 24 after treatment the total effective rate was 78.1% (57/73 cases) in the treatment group and 755% (71/94 cases) in the control group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (chi2 = 0.15, P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in the total effective rate between week 24 and week 12 in the control group (chi2 = 0.49, P < 0.05). Clinical signs and symptoms, RF, CRP, ESR, and DAS28 were significantly improved in the two groups after 12- and 24-week treatment (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the improvement at week 12 after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in time of morning stiffness, tender joint numbers, swollen joint numbers, patient global assessment, RF, CRP, and DAS28 at week 24 after treatment between the two groups (P < 0.05). Besides, adverse reactions occurred less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of HTR combined MTX was equivalent to that of LEF (10 mg per day) combined MTX, but with more stable therapeutic effects and less adverse reactions.

Antirheumatic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of sustained-release alpha-lipoic acid tablets (SRLA) on blood lipid, glucose and insulin levels in hyperlipidemic New Zealand rabbits.

METHODSTwenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomized into normal diet group, high-fat diet group, and high-fat diet + SRLA (300 mg/tablet) group with corresponding feed. At the beginning and 4 weeks after the feeding, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood glucose, and serum insulin were measured, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated.

RESULTSFour weeks after feeding with high-fat diet, the insulin levels was elevated and the ISI lowered in the New Zealand rabbits, indicating successful establishment of the animal model of hyperlipidemia. Compared with the high-fat diet group, the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and insulin were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the ISI was significantly increased (P<0.05) in high fat diet + SRLA group. But no statistically significant difference was found in the blood glucose among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONSRLA can significantly correct blood lipid and insulin disorders in hyperlipidemic New Zealand rabbits and prevent the occurrence of insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Rabbits ; Tablets ; Thioctic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo understand the action mechanisms of artesunate on inhibiting leukaemia cell line K562 on the molecular level.

METHODThe gene chip was used to detect the expression panel of genes of leukaemia cell line K562 treated by dihydroartemisinin. K562 cells were treated with 1 x 10(-5), 4 x 10(-5), 16 x 10(-5), 64 x 10(-5), 256 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) dihydroartemisinin for 24 h, and then studied the modality changes by invert microscope. The morphological changes of the nucleons were observed by Hoechst33342/PI staining. The cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry analysis (FCM). Total RNA samples were obtained by TRIzol and were reverse transcribed to the cDNA. The cDNA samples were hybridized to our gene chips. Hybridization signal were collected and analyzed following scanning by Gene Pix 4100A.

RESULTThe numbers of drift cells were increased and the density of cells was decreased under invert microscope after K562 cells were treated with dihydroartemisinin for 24 h. Morphological changes of cell apoptosis such as karyopyknosis and conglomeration were observed by Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Flow cytometric analysis showed that cells were arrested in G2 phase. There were 13 differentially expressed genes identified. Hybridization analysis showed up-regulation of chk1 and down-regulation of PCNA, cyclinB1, cyclinD1, cyclinE1, cdk4, cdk2, E2F1, DNA-PK, DNA-Topo I, mcl-1, jNK, VEGF in the dihydroartemisinin-treated K562 cells.

CONCLUSIONDihydroartemisinin can Inhibit the leukaemia cell line K562 and exert its anti-cancer effect by altering the expression of these genes involved in cell cycle; dihydroartemisinin may act via apoptosis pathway.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Microscopy ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVESince 2011 EB-APS conference, we hypotheses that phase switching of inspiration-expiration is dominantly initiated by oscillatory information PaO2, PaCO2 and [H+] via fast peripheral chemical receptors. However, the evidence of the waveform of ABG is lack.

METHODSSix surgery patients with normal heart function and negative Allen test, had been placed the arterial catheterization directly connected to 3 x 1 000 mm pre-heparin plastic pipe for continuous collecting arterial blood. We counted the number of heart beat for the blood collecting time, and separated the blood pipe into the heart beat numbers' short pieces using haemostatic forceps, then put pipe into iced water at once fir analyzing PaO2, PaCO2, pH and SaO2 as soon as possible. We selected two breaths cycles of waveform from each patient for data calculations of magnitudes and time interval.

RESULTSThe heart beat numbers for filling blood into pipe were 16 ± 2, and all covered more than 2 breathing cycles. Each breathing cycle is cover 5 ± 0.6 heart beat. There were significant changes of PaO2, PaCO2, [H+] a and SaO2 (i.e. the highest high values compare to the next lowest values, P < 0.05). The time interval of changing PaO2, PaCO2, [H+]a and SaO2 magnitudes were 11.28 ± 1.13 mmHg, 1.77 ± 0.89 mmHg, 1.14 ± 0.35 nmol/L and 0.52% ± 0.44% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis simple continuous beat-by-beat arterial blood sampling and ABG analyzing method is new and practicable. We obtain a clear evidence of periodic parameters ABG waveform, which following breathing cycle.

Arteries ; physiology ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Respiration