Aim To set up a highly effective and automatic mouse sleep-wake bioassay system,and evaluate the system through analysis of the somnogenic effects of L-stepholidine(SPD),targeting at dopamine D1/D2 receptors in mice.Methods The animals were housed in an insulated and soundproof recording chamber maintained at a constant temperature and humidity on an automatically controlled 12 h light/12 h dark cycle.The electroencephalogram and electromyogram were recorded continuously for 48 hours and analyzed by SleepSign software.Saline was administered ip to the mice at 21:00 on the first day,and SPD was given on the next day at the same hour.The vigilance state was analyzed based on the polygraphic recordings by the same software.Results The system has been demonstrated to be highly efficient and stable in recording and reliable in analyzing sleep-wake behavior in mice.With the aid of the sleep bioassay system,we found that SPD significantly increased the total time spent in sleep during dark period,and prolonged durations of non-rapid eye movement sleep episodes,with a concomitant reduction in amount and EEG power density of wakefulness.SPD rendered no effect on rapid eye movement sleep.Conclusion Through the reliable mouse sleep bioassay system,we found that SPD promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep but not rapid eye movement sleep in mice.

Adult ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; Nasopharynx ; pathology

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health Practice

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Obstruction ; congenital ; surgery ; Nose ; abnormalities

Objective To investigate the effect of local injection of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA) on spasticity and function of the affected upper limb in stroke patients.Methods A total of 32 stroke patients were re- cruited and randomly divided into two groups:a BTXA group and a control group.All the patients had spasticity of upper limb muscles,which scored grade 2 to 3 with the Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) ,and decreased elbow joint range of motion.The 16 patients in the BTXA group received BTXA injection in the biceps brachii muscles and flexor muscles of forearm on 10～15 points,while those in the control group did not.All the patients in both groups were treated with rehabilitation training techniques.The MAS,Fugl-Meyer upper limb function assessment and Barthel In- dex were employed to evaluate the changes of muscle tone,upper limb function and activity of living (ADL)perform- ance of the patients before injection and at 1st,2nd,6th 12th weeks after injection.Results The therapeutic effect between the BTXA group anti control group was significantly different in terms of biceps muscle tone,the scores of Fugl-Meyer upper limb function assessment and Barthel Index.Compared with preinjection,muscle tone was de- creased significantly and ADL performance was improved after injection in BTXA group.The effects of BTXA lasted more than 12 weeks.Conclusion Intramuscular muhipoint injection of BTXA was useful in reducing muscle spas- ticity,and was helpful for increasing motor ability of the affected upper limb and ADL performance of the stroke pa- tients.

Objective To study the metastasis of lymph node of breast cancer patients in clinical T1-T2 N0 M0 and its clinical significance in (sentinel lymph node biopsy, SLNB). Methods A total of 276 pa-tients of breast cancer were enrolled in the study (T1 N0M0 cases =115 ; T2N0M0 cases = 161 ). The metas-tasis and distribution of axillary node by virtue of the location of primary tumor, ages and pathologic status were analyzed. Results The metastasis rate of axillary node in T1 N0M0 patients was less than T2 N0 M0 (P =0.027), while that in the central and lower outer quadrant's was higher than in other' s parts(P =0.004).When the tumor located in outer quadrant, the axillary node metastasis rate of Berg I was highest in the cen-tral, outer and inner quadrant(P =0.000). But the metastasis rate of Berg Ⅲ was lowest in the three quad-rants (P = 0. 000). For the pathologic status, the metastasis rate of invasive carcinoma-not otherwise speci-fied(NOS) was higher than early breast carcinoma and other pathologic categories (P =0.000). More than 2 groups axillary node metastasis was found in 6 of 9 patients with carcinoma simplex. The 90 cases with axilla-ry node metastasis were analyzed by age. Axillary node was easier for metastasis in those cases aged above 50years than those below 50 years(68.9% vs 31.1% )(P =0. 000). Two eases with skip metastasis were in T2 No Mo (invasive ductal carcinoma disease = 1, carcinoma simplex disease = 1 ). Conclusion The distri-bution of the metastasis of lymph node in clinical T1 ,T2 N0M0 breast cancer plays an important role in SLNB and formulating reasonable treatment protocols.

Objective To observe the protection and distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by distinct intravenous infusion time on renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats.Methods We used unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral vascular occlusion method to establish renal IRI model in rats.The experimental groups which received 2 × 106 MSCs infusion through the tail vein,were subsequently divided into 3 subgroups:2 h pre-reperfusion (PreOp,n =16),immediately after reperfusion (Op,n =16),6 h post-reperfusion (PostOp,n - 16).The control groups included sham operation group (n =16) and ischemia group (n =16).Chemotaxis of DAPI-labeled MSCs was detected 6 h after administration in the IR kidney.Renal function was detected at 6,24,and 48 h respectively after operation. Forty eight h after operation,the renal tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes by HE staining and the tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via TUNEL assay.Results MSCs were found in the experimental groups after IR in the kidney,most in PostOp group.Twenty-four and 48 h after reperfusion,there was no significant difference in Cr and BUN between the experimental groups and sham operation group (P＞0.05),but the levels of Cr and BUN in the experimental groups were significantly lower than in the IR group (P＜ 0.05). As compared with IR group,the renal pathological injury was alleviated,the number of apoptotic cells was decreased in the experimental group,most significantly in PostOp group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MSCs can reduce the inflammatory response and inhibit renal tubular cell apoptosis in rat renal IRI.Post-reperfusion administration of MSCs leads to the best chemotaxis efficiency and protection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of light transmission to measure focal cerebral ischemia in mice. METHODS: Persistent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artey occlusion (MCAO) in mice. The brain were removed 24 h after MCAO and coronally dissected into 1 mm sections. Using a stereomicroscope, the brain section was illuminated with a halogen lamp and computerized images were stored. Next the brain sections were stained for 30 minutes with 0.5% TTC (2, 3, 5-triphenylterzolim chloride) at 37 degrees C. Using an image analyzer (AnalyPower 1.0), the infarct volumes obtained by light transmittance and TTC staining were calculated. Integrated gray scales of sections of both hemispheres were calculated by Photoshop 5.0. RESULTS: A close correlation existed between cerebral infarct volume measured by light transmission and TTC staining (r=0.81). The mean gray scales measured by both techniques of the ischemic hemispheres as well as those of the cortex, subcortex and hippocampus were siginificantly higher than those of non-ischemic hemispheres and of control mouse hemispheres (P <0.001). Further there were no significant difference between the two hemispheres of control mice and between hemispheres of control mice and non-ischemic hemispheres of the MCAO mice. CONCLUSION: Light transmission can be used for qualitative analysis of focal cerebral ischemia.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of 18 cases of endocrine ductal carcinoma-in-situ (E-DCIS).

METHODSEighteen cases of breast cancer with features of E-DCIS were studied by light microscopy, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. E-DCIS was diagnosed if the histologic patterns were compatible with those described in the literature and at least 50% of the tumor cells expressing two of the three neuroendocrine markers employed (chromogranin, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase).

RESULTSE-DCIS tended to occur in older women. All the patients were over 61 years old (mean age=71 years). The presenting symptoms were either palpable breast mass or had nipple discharge. Histologically, E-DCIS demonstrated an expansile intraductal growth pattern. Intraductal papilloma was not uncommon at the peripheral area of the tumor. The tumor cells were polygonal, oval or spindle in shape and contained abundant eosinophilic to granular cytoplasm and mildly to moderately pleomorphic nuclei. Intracellular or extracellular mucin was highlighted by periodic acid-Schiff (with diastase digestion) or alcian blue stains. Some tumor cells assumed a signet-ring configuration. All the three neuroendocrine markers were expressed by more than 50% of the E-DCIS cells. The neuroendocrine differentiation was further confirmed in some cases by CD57 and CD56 immunostaining. Pagetoid spread into adjacent ductolobular units was frequently seen in E-DCIS, and the expanded lobules were often not rimmed by myoepithelial cells. These two features helped to distinguish E-DCIS from usual ductal hyperplasia.

CONCLUSIONSE-DCIS represents a subgroup of low-grade DCIS, which carries characteristic morphologic features and immunophenotype. Conventional light microscopy usually permits a correct diagnosis. Ancillary histochemical and immunohistochemical studies can be helpful in doubtful cases.

Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

0.05).Conclusions Early injection of L-carnosine would not only improve cerebral oxidative phosphorylation,relieve neuronal injury of repeated FS,but play a role in the protection of neuronal cells.