10 ?mol?L -1) increased the binding sites of [ 125I] ?-Bgt significantly (P0.05).Conclusion Chronic treatment of choline, nicotine or methyllycaconitine can upregulate the nicotinic ? 7 receptors at certain doses. The effect of choline on upregulation of ? 7 receptors is different from that of nicotine.

Objective Isoflurane preconditioning has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.The purpose of this study was to investigate if isoflurane inhalation during reperfusion hasany protective effects.Methods Fourty-two SD rats weighing 318-365 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham group(n=6),control group(n=18)and isoflurane group(n=18).Control group and isoflurane groupwere further divided into 10,15 and 20 rain ischernia subgroups(subgroup A,B,C,n=6).In isoflurane group1.4% isoflurane in air was inhaled immediately after reperfusion was started for 30 min.Two days before theexperiment the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg~(-1).Microdialysis catheterwas inserter into right hippocampns using stereotactic technique and fixed.BIS microelectrodes were placed in thebrain.Vertebral arteries were permanendy occluded by electric coagulation.Bilateral common carotid arteries wereexposed and atranmatic sutures were placed around them.Globol cerebral ischemia was produced by tighteningcarotid sutures and maintained for 10,15 or 20 min(subgroup A,B,C).Cerebral iscbemia was confirmed by lossof righting reflex,dilated pupils,loss of light reflex,BIS=0 and isoelectric potential on EEG.Carotid sutureswere then released for reperfusion.Isoflurane inhalation was started right after the beginning of reperfusion andmaintained for 30 min.Neurologlc outcome was assessed by motor performance according to Combs(0-10,0=severe dysfunction,10=no dysfunction)at 24 h,48 h and 72 h of reperfusion.Microdialysis samples werecollected before during and 0-15,15-30,30-45 and 45-60 min after ischemia for determination of glutamateconcentration.Three days after ischemia the animals were sacrificed and brains were removed for microscopicexamination of hippocampns CA1 region.The number of apoptotic(TUNEL positive)neurons were counted and thepercentage(the number of TUNEL positive neurons/the total number of neurons)was calculated.Results Theglutamate content in hippocampus was significantly lower in isoflurane group than in control group duringreperfusion(P

BACKGROUND: The commonly used culture methods for primary intervertebral disc cells are type Ⅱcol agenase alone digestion method, and type Ⅱ col agenase combined trypin digestion method. However, the acquired cells are few. OBJECTIVE: To acquire nucleus pulposus cells from human degenerative intervertebral disc using a systemic and simplified method. METHODS: Nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured. The morphology of nucleus pulposus cells was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope every day. Primary and subcultured cellsuspension was applied for the determination of cel viability using trypan blue staining. The cel growth was detected with MTT assay. The cel morphology was observed under laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nucleus pulposus cells were successful y isolated from from human degenerative intervertebral disc using the improved method, and cells were subcultured to passage 3. Primary cells were fusiform shaped, while cells at passage 1 and 2 were triangle or polygonal, which were similar to fibroblasts. When cells almost reached the confluence, the cells showed slabstone-like appearance. Trypan blue staining showed that, the primary cel viability was 99%, and passage 3 cells had 93%-95% viability. The proliferation of nucleus pulposus cells gradual y decreased as the generation increased. Compared with passage 1 cells, passage 2 and 3 cells at logarithmic phase trended to be smoother. The cel morphology observed under laser confocal microscopy was similar to the results under phase contrast microscope. The improved simple method can successful y acquire a variety of cells from human degenerative intervertebral disc, and these cells show fine biological properties.

The microbial populations and community structure characterization technologies of the enhanced biological phosphate removal system were reviewed comprehensively in this paper, and their future research directions were outlined.

Daiwenjiu Gao plasters were stuck onto the following two groups of acupoints,group 1 including acupoints Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) and group2 including acupoints Zhongji (CV 3), Pangguangshu (BL 28) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), to treat 100 cases of infantile enuresis, the results showed that 92 cases were cured, 6 cases got remarkable effect, 2 cases got effect, with total effective rate being 100%.

In recent years, non-viral gene vectors have attracted great attention for efficient gene delivery due to the advantages, including low toxicity, low immunogenicity and simple preparation. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is one of the typical non-viral gene carriers that have been widely utilized for gene delivery owing to its superior capabilities in gene compression and buffering capacity. This article discusses the processes of gene delivery and the barriers of PEI-based carrier during the gene delivery, such as low biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, lack of specific targeting and insufficient gene release, etc. Therefore, we summarize the multiple approaches for the modifications of PEI in terms of improved biocompatibility, degradability, specific targeting and buffering capacity. Furthermore, we also review on the recent impressive progresses of smart stimuli-responsive PEI carriers, including endogenous stimuli (pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, biomolecular, etc), exogenous stimuli (light, temperature, magnetic field, etc) and dual-responsive strategies, which might provide guidance for the development of more efficient and safer non-viral gene vectors.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics and regular pattern of the medicine in common use and combined medication in patients of acute pancreatitis in real world.

METHODCollect the information of 5 433 acute pancreatitis patients in 19 grade IIIA general hospitals in China, analysis by descriptive statistics and association rule.

RESULTIn the 5 433 patients of acute pancreatitis, the glycyrrhizic acid injection and somatostatin are the frequency top used Chinese traditional and western medication. Glycyrrhizic acid injection, somatostatin and insulin are the frequency top used drug combination pattern.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese and western integrative medicine drug use pattern are accord with the clinical guideline of acute panceatitis. The hepatic and renal function, blood routine and coagulation function should be monitored when the medicines are used.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; Somatostatin ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Cholesteatoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Petrous Bone ; pathology

Objective To compare the effects of biphasic square waveform (BSW) with low or high energy on external defibrillation.Method Adult swine model of closed chest ventricular fibrillation induced by electricity was established.Eighteen swine,weighing (30?3.3) kg were randomly divided into three groups:50-50-50 J group (n=6),30-50-75 J group (n=6),120-150-200 J (n=6).After three minutes of ventricular fibrillation without treatment,the pigs in the three groups were defibrillated accordance to the above sequences. Results 30 J BSW didn't succed to external defibrillate.The first defibrillation successful rate of 50 J and 120 J BSW was 5/6.The total defibrillation successful rate of every group was 100%.All pigs quickly had spontaneous circulation after defibrillation and survived more than 24 hours.ST-T change of low-energy was less than that of high-energy.After resuscitation,myocardial function decreased,but there had not significant differences between groups.Conclusions In the study,30J BSW could not reach successful defibrillation,and 50 J and 120 J BSW had similar defibrillation efficacy.The ideal energy of BSW external defibrillation was 50 J.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of latarjet nerve and pylous preserved pancreaticoduo-denectomy (LPPPD). Methods Clinical data and postoperative follow-up of Latarjet nerve and Pylous Preserved Pancreaticoduodenectomy since1996 of 32 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and 36 cases being carried out con-temporaneous Pylous Preserved Pancreaticeduodenectomy(PPPD) were compared with. Results The recovery time of postoperative gastrointestinal function recory time is five days of LPPPD group on average; but the time is eight days of PPPD group on average, and significantly slower than LPPPD group ( t = 3.01, P < 0.05 ) ; the occurrence of abdominal distenal, retention of gastric juice and enterogastric recurrent flow are significantly slower in LPPPD group than that in PPPD group( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The postoperative gastrointestinal function recovered fas-ter, and the postoperative complications were less in LPPPD group than that in PPPD group.