Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous injection of α-crystallin on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and some important organs of the Long Evans rats. Methods RGC were retrogradelabeled by fluorogold through bilateral superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body for seven days before optic nerve crush injury. Twenty-three Long Evans rats were used for this study, including three rats of normal control group and 20 rats of experimental group. Twenty rats were randomly divided into saline control group and three α-crystallin injection groups, which received tail vein injection of 1.25 ml isotonic saline and three different concentrations (1 × 10-2 , 1 × 10-1 and 1 g/L) of α-crystallin respectively, once every two days and totally seven times. After two weeks, the labeled RGC were counted, and the pathological changes on liver, kidney, brain, spleen and the lungs were investigated. Results Compared with the normal control group, although the number of RGC markedly decreased after two weeks of optic nerve crush injury in every group, the number of RGC in α-crystallin-treated groups was more than those in the saline control group. There were 2074± 150 RGC per mm2 in normal control group, 85 ± 15 RGC per mm2 in saline control group, 124±26 RGC per mm2 in 1 × 10-2 g/L α-crystallin group, 128± 31 RGC per mm2 in 1 × 10-1 g/L α-crystallin group, 164 ± 20 RGC per mm2 in 1 g/L α-crystallin group (F= 18. 660,P＜0. 01). No congestion, swelling, inflammation and other pathological changes were found in liver,kidney, brain, spleen and lung. Conclusions Intravenous injection of α-crystallin protein has protective effects on RGC after the optic nerve crush injury, and no significant effects on important organs.

Amniotic Fluid ; cytology ; Cardiomyopathies ; therapy ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Purpose: To report 2 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma occurring in a thyroglossal duct remnant, and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic methods by reviewing the literature. Methods: An asymptomatic midline mass occurring in the upper neck was the sole presenting complaint in 2 cases. The preoperative evaluation included a complete head and neck examination, B-ultra sound examination and FNAB. The Sistrunk procedure was done. A lobectomy( case 1) and a lumpectomy ( case 2) were performed respectively, because of the abnormality found in their thyroid gland. A modified neck dissection was performed in case 2 because of regional lymphadenopathy. The following histologic studies were carried out on tissues with HE stain. Results: Diagnoses of thyroglossal duct carcinoma were made by several pathologists. Tissues from thyroid were first diagnosed as nodular goiter in case 1 and thyroid adenoma in case 2. In case 2, one positive lymph node and invasion to the hyoid bone was found. Conclusions: Malignant lesions are rare in the thyroglossal duct remnant. The diagnostic criteria is acknowledged. Resection of the thyroglossal duct carcinoma by the Sistrunk procedure is an adequate surgical approach. But the controversy about further treatment will continue because of the lack of large series of patients and the 10 to 20 year follow-up.

Chromatography ; methods ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry

Anthrax ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; microbiology

Brucellosis ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; microbiology

Asthma, Occupational ; therapy ; Drainage ; methods ; Humans ; Sputum

Objective To explore the role of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1)in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the mechanism of developing morphine tolerance. Methods Thirty male SD rats were implanted intrathecal catheters and randomized into 6 groups with 5 rats each. The rats of 4 groups were made into the model of adjuvant-induced arthritis in the left hind limb and were administered intrathecally, morphine 10 μg(group M_(10)), morphine 20μg(group M_(20)), morphine 20 μg plus naloxone 10 μg(group MN) ,or saline(group C) respectively. The other 2 groups without were administered intrathecally saline (group C_0) or morphine 20 μg (group M0). The drugs were administered twice daily for 7 days. Mechanical withdrawl threshold(MWT) of the left hind limb was examined to evaluate the behavior. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EAAC1 in the left L_(3-4) and L_(4-5) DRG. Results Morphine tolerance was formmed stably in the arthritis rats of group M_(10) and group M_(20) after administering morphine for 7 days. The expression of EAAC1 in DRG was downregulated. Conclusion DRG EAAC1 may be involved in the mechanism of developing morphine tolerance in rats with inflammatory pain.

Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)related hypertension.Superoxide anion,produced by NAD(P)H oxidase,plays important roles in hypertension and its complications.Ang Ⅱ infusion increases cerebral NAD(P)H oxidase activity,which is inhibited by angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker(ARB)candesartan and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor.However,the underlying mechanism of ARB in preventing hypertensive stroke is not elucidated clearly.Objective To investigate the effects of candesartan on the expression of cerebral NAD(P)H oxidase mRNA in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRsp).Methods Twelve-week-old salt-loaded SHRsp were treated with candesartan [1.0 mg/(kg?d)],trichlormethiazide [TCM,1.6 mg/(kg?d)] or vehicle(n=12 in each)for 2 weeks.Age-matched salt-loaded WKY rats were served as control(n=12).Blood pressure was measured every week.After two weeks,cerebrums were harvested and 24 h urine was collected.Urinary albumin was examined by ELISA.Cerebral cortex NAD(P)H oxidase subunits(p22phox,p47phox and gp91phox)mRNA expression were assayed by real-time PCR.Results The systolic blood pressure was increased significantly in salt-load SHRsp.Candesartan and TCM reduced SBP to the similar level.Urinary albumin excretion and cerebral cortex NAD(P)H oxidase subunits were markedly higher in salt-loaded SHRsp than those in salt-loaded WKY rats.Incidence of stroke was significantly reduced in candesartan treated group as compared with TCM treated SHRsp(P