Objective To explore the effectiveness of short-term integrated intervention to reduce discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)among medical students.Methods A quasi-experimental survey was conducted.Two medical schools in Beijing,one as intervention group and the other as control group were selected by convenience sampling,from which 123 undergraduate students or interns of medical and nursing specialties were recruited,62 in the intervention group and 61 in the control group.The intervention group was provided with 13 hour long antidiscrimination intervention by increasing HIV/AIDS related knowledge,sympathy and skill in dealing with people living with HIV/AIDS,while the control group was deprived of any intervention.The attitude of the students in the 2 groups were assessed by questionnaire survey in 5 time points after the intervention.Results Compared with the control group,at 4 time points after the intervention students in the intervention group had less discrimination against PLWHA in general;and significantly less discrimination in dealing with them as patients(P

As an efficient gene transfer vehicle lentiviral vector has been widely used in therapy research. Comparing with other retrovirus vectors, lentiviral vectors have the unique ablility of transfecting nondividing cells and terminal differentiated cells. In addition, lentiviral vectors can accommodate two or more promoters and can carry larger foreign gene insertions. Now the new generation of lentiviral vectors encoding transcriptional control sequence provides effective means for the regulation of foreign gene expression. The development of lentiviral vectors and its application in the gene therapy field were summarized.

Objective:To observe the living cells on the surface of intraocular lenses and to compare the cellular numbers and morphology of prestaining to that of poststaining.Methods:Twenty adult pigment rabbit eyes were given posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.Lenses were extracted and put into 1640 cell cultural liquid immediately on the 1 st,3 rd,7 th,14 th and 28 th day respectively after operatrion.The samples were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope subsequently.Results:We found cells deposited on the surface of lenses from 1 st to 28 th day after operation.These cells contracted and lost three-demensional appearance while its number was less than that of prestaining obviously.Conclusion:A part of cells remove from the surface of lenses during staining;however,we could count the number but could not affirm cellular types which would make error in cellular classification and counting.The fact suggests that we should discover new accurate and reliable methods to avoid mistakes during experiment.

Aged ; Ear, Middle ; Eustachian Tube ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans

Objective To observe the effect of propofol on phosphorylation of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep-propionate receptors (AMPARs) GluR1 subunit and long-term potentiation (LTP) in cultured hippocampal neurons in aged rats.Methods A total of 30 18-month-old rats were decapitated,the brains were rapidly removed and hippocampal slice were prepared.The slices were randomly divided into control group (perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid,n=10),propofol-treated group (perfused with propofol in artificial cerebrospinal fluid,n=10)and propofol+ phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated group (perfused with propofol and phorbol ester in artificial cerebrospinal fluid,n=10).Extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) were recorded from the CA1 region of hippocampal slices.After perfusion for 20 min,LTP was induced using higher-frequency stimulation (HFS,100Hz,400 pulse) by the Schaffer-collateral pathway.The phosphorylation of AMPA-GluR1 subunit was assayed in cultured rat neurons by Western blot.Results The value of EPSP in propofol-treated group (105.50 ± 3.77) was much lower than in control group (242.10±14.68) and in propofol+ PMA-treated group (239.40±8.98) (F=2.90,P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the value of EPSP between control group and propofol+ PMA-treated group (P＞0.05).The level of P-Glu1/Glu1in propofol-treated group (0.68±0.15) was much lower than in control group (1.67±0.20) and in propofol+PMA-treated group (1.57±0.18) (F=6.84,P＜0.05),while there was no difference in the level of P-Glu1/Glu1 between control group and propofol + PMA-treated group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no difference in the value of GluR1/β-actin among the three groups (F=0.31,P＞0.05).Conclusions Propofol possesses the ability to inhibit LTP induction and attenuate AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit phosphorylation through modulation of PKC pathway.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of fludarabine plus mitoxantrone combination chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma compared with CHOP regimen.Methods Sixty-six patients with malignant lymphoma were divided into fludarabine group and CHOP group.The efficacy and toxicities of these two regimens were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The overall response(OR)was 81.5% in fludarabine group,while was 48.7% in CHOP;for the patients in late-stage,with B cell lymphoma,with T cell lymphoma and with high serum LDH level,the OR in fludarabine group was higher than in CHOP group obstructively,being 62.5% and 35.7%.Conclusion Fludarabine combination chemotherapy,as a first line regimen in treating first-treated lymphoma,recrudescent lymphoma,intractable lymphoma and lymphoma in late stage,possesses higher efficacy,safety and tolerance than CHOP regimen.

Objective To compare the applicability between ARF special severity scoring systems and intensive care unit (ICU) general severity scoring systems on predicting the hospital mortality of critical acute renal failure (ARF) patients. Methods The data of 29 patients with critical ARF were retrospectively analyzed. Two ARF special severity scoring models, acute tubular necrosis individual severity index (ATN-ISI) and Stuivenberg hospital acute renal failure scores (SHARF), and 3 ICU general severity scoring models, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), APACHE Ⅲ, Mortality Prediction Model Ⅱ (MPM Ⅱ), were used in the analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn up to assess the ability of these models in hospital mortality discrimination. Results All severity scores of the patients in survivor group (n=9) were lower than those of the patients in non-survivor group (n=20). There were statistical differentiations in the scores of ATN-ISI, APACHE Ⅱ, MPM Ⅱ-24h, MPM Ⅱ-72h between the survivor group and the non-survivor group (P

ObjectiveTo assess the degree of pain in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU using critical-care pain observation tool(CPOT) and to choose the correct sedative and analgesic method.Methods 110 elderly patients in ICU after neurosurgery were divided into three assessment stages,every stage had two record points and total six points (T1-T6):the first stage (intubation and unconsciousness,T1-T2),the second stage (intubation and consciousness,T3T4 ) and the third stage(extubation and consciousness,T5-T6 ).Among them T1,T3and T5were nonnocuity assessment points of every stage,while T2,T4 and T6 were nocuity assessment points of every stage.The assessment time was one minute at every point.After recorded at every point in second and third stages,patients were asked to use the pain intensity descriptive scale (PIDS) themselves.CPOT,heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from T1 to T6 were recorded as well as PIDS from T3 to T6 in second and third stages.Results In the three stages,CPOT〔(26.8 vs.0.54,3.36 vs.1.20,2.78 vs.0.68) scores〕,HR〔(95 vs.85,94 vs.82,94 vs.84)beat/min〕 and MAP〔(95 vs.85,95 vs.87,94 vs.87)mm Hg〕 at T2,T4and T6 were higher than T1 (t=-42.89,-55.95,-55.38),T3 (t =- 5.52,- 11.33,- 11.78) and T5 ( t =- 5.54,- 9.95,- 11.33 ) ( P＜ 0.05 ).The PIDS at T4 and T6were higher than at T3and T5in the second and third stages 〔(2.52 vs.1.69,2.12 vs.1.44)scores〕 (P＜0.05).The correlation coefficient between CPOT and PIDS at T3 and T4 in the second stage were 0.49 and 0.58,respectively (P＜0.05),and between CPOT and PIDS at T5 and T6 were 0.52 and 0.59 in the third stage,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and they both reached moderate correlation.ConclusionsCPOT may be an effective way to assess the degree of pain in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation at present.

The efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment is not very satisfactory.Conventional morphologic imagings are limited in the diagnosis and in the applications of multimodality treatment for colorectal cancer.18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT can play a pivotal role in detecting metabolism changes and in the localization of lesions concurrently.It is valuable in the assessment of responses to therapy,prediction of prognosis and selecting modality management and monitoring postoperative recurrence.The right-moment and proper application of PET-CT can increase the therapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present in the peripheral blood,and play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer.As the researches about CTCs and targeted therapy move along,it is found that CTCs can be used as a liquid tumor tissue to guide clinical treatment and have a certain significance in the clinical staging and prognosis evaluation of lung cancer.