Objective To explore the effectiveness of short-term integrated intervention to reduce discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)among medical students.Methods A quasi-experimental survey was conducted.Two medical schools in Beijing,one as intervention group and the other as control group were selected by convenience sampling,from which 123 undergraduate students or interns of medical and nursing specialties were recruited,62 in the intervention group and 61 in the control group.The intervention group was provided with 13 hour long antidiscrimination intervention by increasing HIV/AIDS related knowledge,sympathy and skill in dealing with people living with HIV/AIDS,while the control group was deprived of any intervention.The attitude of the students in the 2 groups were assessed by questionnaire survey in 5 time points after the intervention.Results Compared with the control group,at 4 time points after the intervention students in the intervention group had less discrimination against PLWHA in general;and significantly less discrimination in dealing with them as patients(P

As an efficient gene transfer vehicle lentiviral vector has been widely used in therapy research. Comparing with other retrovirus vectors, lentiviral vectors have the unique ablility of transfecting nondividing cells and terminal differentiated cells. In addition, lentiviral vectors can accommodate two or more promoters and can carry larger foreign gene insertions. Now the new generation of lentiviral vectors encoding transcriptional control sequence provides effective means for the regulation of foreign gene expression. The development of lentiviral vectors and its application in the gene therapy field were summarized.

Objective:To observe the living cells on the surface of intraocular lenses and to compare the cellular numbers and morphology of prestaining to that of poststaining.Methods:Twenty adult pigment rabbit eyes were given posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.Lenses were extracted and put into 1640 cell cultural liquid immediately on the 1 st,3 rd,7 th,14 th and 28 th day respectively after operatrion.The samples were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope subsequently.Results:We found cells deposited on the surface of lenses from 1 st to 28 th day after operation.These cells contracted and lost three-demensional appearance while its number was less than that of prestaining obviously.Conclusion:A part of cells remove from the surface of lenses during staining;however,we could count the number but could not affirm cellular types which would make error in cellular classification and counting.The fact suggests that we should discover new accurate and reliable methods to avoid mistakes during experiment.

Aged ; Ear, Middle ; Eustachian Tube ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans

ObjectiveTo assess the degree of pain in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU using critical-care pain observation tool(CPOT) and to choose the correct sedative and analgesic method.Methods 110 elderly patients in ICU after neurosurgery were divided into three assessment stages,every stage had two record points and total six points (T1-T6):the first stage (intubation and unconsciousness,T1-T2),the second stage (intubation and consciousness,T3T4 ) and the third stage(extubation and consciousness,T5-T6 ).Among them T1,T3and T5were nonnocuity assessment points of every stage,while T2,T4 and T6 were nocuity assessment points of every stage.The assessment time was one minute at every point.After recorded at every point in second and third stages,patients were asked to use the pain intensity descriptive scale (PIDS) themselves.CPOT,heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from T1 to T6 were recorded as well as PIDS from T3 to T6 in second and third stages.Results In the three stages,CPOT〔(26.8 vs.0.54,3.36 vs.1.20,2.78 vs.0.68) scores〕,HR〔(95 vs.85,94 vs.82,94 vs.84)beat/min〕 and MAP〔(95 vs.85,95 vs.87,94 vs.87)mm Hg〕 at T2,T4and T6 were higher than T1 (t=-42.89,-55.95,-55.38),T3 (t =- 5.52,- 11.33,- 11.78) and T5 ( t =- 5.54,- 9.95,- 11.33 ) ( P＜ 0.05 ).The PIDS at T4 and T6were higher than at T3and T5in the second and third stages 〔(2.52 vs.1.69,2.12 vs.1.44)scores〕 (P＜0.05).The correlation coefficient between CPOT and PIDS at T3 and T4 in the second stage were 0.49 and 0.58,respectively (P＜0.05),and between CPOT and PIDS at T5 and T6 were 0.52 and 0.59 in the third stage,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and they both reached moderate correlation.ConclusionsCPOT may be an effective way to assess the degree of pain in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation at present.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine as an adjuvant therapy in the patients with electric arcburns.MethodsFifty patients with electric arc burns were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table, with 25 in each group. The patients in the treatment group received intravenous infusion of 10 ml Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazineinjection for 7 days in addition to the conventional therapies, and those in the control group only treated with conventional therapies.ResultsThe rates of wound healing in the treatment group were significantly improved at 7 days(25.7% ± 3.1%vs.21.3%± 3.0%;t=5.122,P=0.000) and 14 days(60.3% ± 8.6%vs.53.8% ± 10.8%;t=2.434,P=0.022) than the control group. While at 21 days, there was no significant difference between the two groups (99.4% ± 1.7%vs.98.7% ± 2.7%;t=1.163,P=0.265). The time to wound healing in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (18.9 ± 2.5 dvs.20.3 ± 2.2 d;t=-1.216,P=0.020).ConclusionsSalvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine injections as an adjuvant therapy has a beneficial therapeuticeffect in patients with electric arc burns.

Objective To observe the effect of YiZhikoufuye(YZ) on apoptosis in the different cerebral regions of experimental Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats.Methods The animal model of AD was set up by stereotaxic damage of CA1 area of rat hippocampus using aggressive A?1-40.After operation thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into YZ,melatonin and model control groups,10 in each group.The rats were fed with YZ, melatonin and saline,respectively.On the 41th day,the rats were killed.The percentage of apoptotic cells,the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression level of cytochrome C protein were observed with immunohistochemical methods.Results Compared with control group,YZ could inhibit the apoptotic changes caused by A?(P

Objective To assess the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in health subjects and patients with risk factors by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) with breath-holding maneuver, and its association with risk factors of cerebrovascular disease.Methods The breath-holding index (BHI), which was the percentage increase in middle cerebral artery(MCA)blood flow velocity and was as index of CVR assessment, was detected during breath-holding by TCD and breath-holding technique in 137 patients with various risk-factors of cerebrovascular disease and 87 normal controls.The regression analysis was done between the CVR and risk factors.Results The mean blood velocity before (Vm) and after holding test (Vm′) were significantly lower in group with age of 20-40 years than that of the age of 41-60 and over 60 years(all P

OBJECTIVE To discuss cause and nursing of hospital infection in infectious disease ward.METHODS Hospital infection in infectious disease ward of a general hospital was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The hospital infection rate was 6.18%;the main site of infection was respiratory tract(48.84%);November is the highest month of infection rate.The infection rate was seen higher among liver disease patients.CONCLUSIONS The hard ware must be enhanced to reform and the sickroom arrangement be regularized.It is important for hospitals to strengthen infection control.The main treatment to control hospital infection is applying aseptic operation strictly.

Objective To explore the changes of cerebral vasoreactivity(CVR) in patients with acute cerebral infarction of various clinical subtypes.Methods The 70 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into 3 subtypes:atherothrombotic infarction (AI)group(n=22), lacunar infarction (LI)group(n=33), cardiogenic infarction (CI)group(n=15).The mean blood flow velocity (Vm), pulse index(PI), resistance index(RI) in bilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA) were detected, and breath holding index (BHI) was measured by TCD in these patients through breath holding test. All the data were compared with the health controls. Results Compared with normal control group,the Vm,PI and RI were significantly increased (P0.05). Conclusions There are differents in CVR in patients with acute cerebral infarction of various subtypes. The damage of CVR is more obviously in AI and LI group. There is clinical significance for measurement of CVR to evaluate the haemodynamic changes in various subtype of acute cerebral infarction.