Objective To evaluate the protective effects of methylprednisolone combined with dexmedetomidine of cardiac valve replacement in patients with brain cognitive function under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Sixty patients for heart valve replacement in Affiliated Hospital.Inner Mongolia Medical University were randomly divided into four groups (n =15 each):group A control,methylprednisolone group (group M),dexmedetomidine group (Group D) and methylprednisolone combined with dexmedetomidine group (group B).After the induction of anesthesia,the patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.Methylprednisolone 20mg/kg was administered to the CPB circuit prime in group M.A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was pumped intravenously over 10 minutes after induction,followed by continuous infusion at 0.05μg/(kg · h) until the end of operation in group D.A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was pumped intravenously over 10 minutes after induction,followed by continuous infusion at 0.05μ g/(kg · h) until the end of operation and methylprednisolone 20mg/kg was also administered to the CPB circuit prime in group B.At the same time the equal volume of normal saline was given in group A.After induction (T1),CPB instantly (T2),CPB 30min (T3),l0min after CPB(T4),at the end of operation(T5),6h after CPB (T6),the jugular bulb venous blood samples were taken for testing the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10),S100βprotein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) using the method of ELISA.Simplified mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is used to assess the cognitive function of patients in pre-operation and 2days,3days as well as 7days after operation.Results At T1-6,IL-6,S100 protein and NSE in group M,group D and group B were significantly lower than those in control group,IL-10 was higher than that in control group,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).In B group at all time points IL-6 、S100 protein and NSE were lower than those in other groups,IL-10 was higher than other groups,and there was significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in group M,group D and group B was higher than that in control group,and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in B group was lowest,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Methylprednisolone and dexmedetomidine can effectively reduce the concentration of IL-6,S100 protein and NSE in cardiopulmonary bypass,reduce brain injury and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The protective effect on cerebral injury is better when using dexmedetomidine combined with methylprednisolone under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

?AlM:To evaluate and observe the efficacy of silicon oil ( SO ) , perfluoropropane ( C3 F8 ) and balanced salt solution ( BSS ) that can be used as tamponade during vitrectomy to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) complicated with vitreous hemorrhage ( VH) .
?METHODS: Studied retrospectively on 74 eyes of 60 patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage in our hospital during June 2008 and June 2014. Based on repeated prior examines on fundus details and the vitrectomy tamponades were chosen. All the patients had been followed up at least 3mo. Depending on different tamponades, the paitents were nonrandomized in three groups and contrasted as visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) and complications respectively.
?RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference among these three groups in preoperative eyesight ( P<0. 05 ). Moreover, the preoperative eyesight was statistically different between SO and BSS (P<0. 05), and difference for the rest being not remarkable(P>0. 05). The difference being statistically difference in the postoperative vision among these three groups ( P <0. 05). The further analysis showed that the paired-comparisons were statistically significant difference between SO and BSS ( P<0. 05 ), while the rest two groups of comparison were non-respectively(P>0. 05). The preoperative visual function was in contrast to the postoperative (P<0. 05). The lOP before surgery was not statistically significant difference(P>0. 05). However,the difference among three groups being statistically in the postoperative vision(P<0. 05), in addition,the difference existed in each group through pairwise comparison ( P<0. 05) . The occurence rate of complications after surgery in this survey was 47%, the SO group was 50%, the C3 F8 was 56%, the BSS group was 44%.
? CONCLUSlON: Vitrectomy is a safe and effective treatment that can help patients who have diabetic vitreous hemorrhage obtain better visual improvement. Because of the physicochemical properties and different conditions, there still has complications after surgery.

Objective To explore the clinical value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in assessment of right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE,Wanfang data,CNKI (from January 2001 to April 2015) were searched.The search terms were pulmonary arterial hypertension,right ventricular function,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.An inclusion criterion was the patients suffering from PAH,and the healthy volunteers were served as controls.The study was designed as randomized controlled trial.All the subjects investigated had received CMRI.The end of the trial included right ventricular end diastolic volume (RVEDV),right ventricular end systolic volume (RVESV) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF).Meta analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0 software provided by Cochrane Collaboration,and the publication bias was analyzed by the funnel plot analysis.Results Five papers involving 381 patients met the criteria.It was showed by Meta-analysis that compared with healthy control group,RVEDV was increase in PAH group [weighted mean difference (WMD) =33.96,95％ confidence interval (95％CI) =20.80-47.12,P ＜ 0.000 01],RVESV was increased (WMD =41.91,95％ CI =29.63-54.19,P ＜ 0.0O0 01),and RVEF was decrease (WMD =-20.09,95％CI =-22.65 to-17.52,P ＜ 0.000 01).Conclusion CMRI can be used to evaluate the right ventricular function of patients with PAH,and it has important significance in the evaluation of right ventricular function in patients with PAH.

Objective To evaluate the multi-detector CT (MDCT) on pulmonary changes in post-operative adult receptor of liver transplantation complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Nineteen adult patients admitted into Tianjin First Center Hospital from January to December 2016 to perform the first time liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. Before operation, the CT showed no significant abnormality in the patients' lungs, after operation MDCT was applied to observe the pulmonary changes of ARDS post-operative complication in the adult receiver of liver transplantation, and the pulmonary changes in different gender of patients were analyzed and compared.Results MDCT showed that after liver transplantation all the 19 patients (100%) had lung pathological changes, of whom 18 cases (94.7%) manifested 2 or more than 2 kinds of pulmonary changes, including consolidation shadows (12 cases, 63.2%), patchy shadows (2 cases, 10.5%), ground glass opacity (6 cases, 31.5%) and pleural effusion (18 cases, 94.7%). In the comparisons between male and female patients with post-operative ARDS after liver transplantation, there were no significant differences in the lung pathological changes shown in MDCT (allP > 0.05) statistically.Conclusion The application of MDCT has great potential value in the evaluation of the disease situation after liver transplantation, that might providehelp to the postoperative treatment.

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Diphylleia sinensis from different habitats and determine the content of 12 chemical ingredients of picropodophillotoxin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, picropod ophyllotoxin 4-O-glucoside, 4-demethylpodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin-4-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, podophyllotoxin, arabeline, podophyllotoxone, diphyllin-4-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, and diphyllin for providing a scientific basis for the quality control of D. sinensis. Methods: COSMOSIL-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for gradients elution with MeOH (A) -0.4% phosphoric acid solution (B) as mobile phase. Working conditions were as follows: the column temperature was 30 ℃, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 300 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint of D. sinensis was established and 12 components were determined. The results were analyzed by cluster analysis. Results: The HPLC fingerprint with 16 common peaks of D. sinensis was established, and the similarities of samples were over 0.9. The linear relationship of 12 components was good (r2≥0.999 0), RSD of precision and repeatability was less than 2%, and the stability was also good with in 24 h (RSD<2%). The average recoveries (n = 6) of 12 components were between 99.27% and 100.3%, and the RSD were in the range of 1.03%-1.98%. The results of the content determination and cluster analysis of twelve components showed that D. sinensis in different habitats were different from each other. Conclusion: This method was simple, sensitive and accurate, which provided a comprehensive reference for the identification and quality evaluation of D. sinensis.

OBJECTIVEThe present study was undertaken to design antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) of glial glutamate transporter-la (GLT-1a) and to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed AS-ODNs on the expression of GLT-1a.

METHODSFive sequences of GLT-1a AS-ODNs were designed according to the C terminus specific sequences of GLT-1a mRNA using antisense design software of IDT Com- pany. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the inhibition effects of the five GLT-1a AS-ODNs on the expression of GLT-la.

RESULTSThe sequence of GLT-1a AS-ODNs with sequence of 5'-GGTTCTTCCTCAACACTGCA-3' could specifically inhibit the expression of GLT-1a in the hippocampal CA1 subfield of rats, while it had no effect on the expression of GLT-1b. This sequence showed similar inhibition on the expression of GLT-la in sham and ceftriaxone (Cef)-treated rats. It could also significantly inhibit the cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP)-induced up-regulation in the expression of GLT-1a. The magnitude of the inhibition in sham, Cef- or CIP-treated rats was similar by more than 60%.

CONCLUSIONFrom the designed five sequences of GLT-1a AS-ODNs, we obtained an effective sequence which can specifically inhibit the expression of GLT-1a.

Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antithrombotic effects and its molecular mechanisms of prazosin combined with anisodamine (Ani).

METHODSIsolated rat tail artery rings model was employed to evaluate the vasodilative effects of drugs, mice tail thrombosis model induced by carrageenan was used to study the antithrombotic effects and its molecular mechanisms of the drug composition.

RESULTSAmong alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin(Pra) had the greatest relaxation rate, which was (82.6 +/- 8.9)%, and the EC50 value was 0.44 micromol/L. The drug composition of anisodamine and prazosin of different doses could decrease the length of the tail thrombosis from (24.6 +/- 4.6)mm to (6.9 +/- 2.7)mm, and the rate of thrombosis was decreased from 86.6% to 50.0%. The drug composition could prolong the prothrombin time (PT) distinctively, but it had no effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). It also could restrain the decrease of serum levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and 6- Keto -PGF1alpha as well as the increase of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the mice.

CONCLUSIONThe drug composition formed by anisodamine and prazosin has good effects of relaxing extremities tiny blood vessels and it can fight against thrombosis, its antithrombotic mechanisms may be related to the influence of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, inhibition of platelet activation functions and the promotion of fibrinolysis function.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Prazosin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy

A study was made on the pharmacokinetic regularity of effective components salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CR) in rats, so as to discuss the compatibility mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Rats were randomly divided into three groups and intravenously injected with 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B for the single SMRR extracts group, 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the single CR extracts group and 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B + 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the SMRR and CR combination group. The blood samples were collected at different time points and purified by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. With chloramphenicol as internal standard (IS), UPLC was adopted to determine concentrations of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid. The pharmacokinetic parameters of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid were calculated with WinNonlin 6.2 software and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The UPLC analysis method was adopted to determine salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in rat plasma, including linear equation, stability, repeatability, precision and recovery. The established sample processing and analysis methods were stable and reliable, with significant differences in major pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., area under the curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and terminal half-life (t(1/2)). According to the experimental results, the combined application of SMRR and CR can significantly impact the pharmacokinetic process of their effective components in rats and promote the wide distribution, shorten the action time and prolong the in vivo action time of salvianolic acid B and increase the blood drug concentration and accelerate the clearance of ferulic acid in vivo.
Animals ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Coumaric Acids ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Objective To obtain antibiotic-resistant mutants producing metabolites with antitumor activity from wild-type actinomycete strains without antitumor activity. Methods An actinomycete strain L35-1 was used as an initial strain for obtaining antibiotic-resistant mutants, which is a marine-derived wild-type strain without antitumor activity with an inhibition rate of 2.8% at the 1000 μg/ml of high sample concentration on K562 cells. The antibiotic-resistant mutants both from auto-mutagenesis and chemical mutagen-induced mutagenesis were selected by single colony isolation on antibiotic-containing plates according to the method for obtaining drug-resistant mutants in ribosome engineering. The antitumor activity was assayed by the MTT method using K562 cells for the mutants with aqueous acetone extracts of the whole broth of their fermentation.Results A total of 114 neomycin-resistant (ner) and 68 streptomycin-resistant (str) mutants, all from auto-mutagenesis, was obtained on drug-containing plates. Among them, the 7 ner and 3 str mutants appeared to be bioactive with an inhibition rate above 20% at the 100 μg/ml sample concentration on K562 cells. On the other hand, 41 str and 32 ner mutants from DES-induced mutagenesis and 46 ner mutants from NTG-induced mutagenesis were obtained by mutagen-induced mutation coupled with the single colony isolation on antibiotic-containing plates, among which, one str mutant from DES-induced mutagenesis and one ner mutant from NTG-induced mutagenesis were bioactive with an inhibition rate over 20% at the 100 μg/ml sample concentration on K562 cells. Conclusions The present result has revealed that the wild-type actinomycete strains without bioactivity might become a great source initial strains to obtain bioactive mutants by drug-resistant mutation technique.