Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fluconazole ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mycoses ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards

Chitosan, deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a kind of natural polysaccharide polymer. It has advantages of rich source, good biocompatibility and biodegradation. Chitosan can be processed into porous scaffolds used for cell transplantation and tissue regeneration in bone tissue engineering, control-released carrier of growth factors and delivery vector of exogenous genes. Meanwhile, it can also be processed into injectable scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering in the form of microspheres or hydrogel. Chitosan and its derivatives will have broad application prospects in the research field of bone tissue engineering. However, chitosan composite scaffold has poor mechanical function, difficult accuracy control of In vivo degradation, and low efficiency for genetic carrier, chitosan research stays in in vitro tests and in vivo animal experiments. With the development of materials science and life science, chitosan will be widely used for clinical application of bone tissue defect.

Objective To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), platelet derived growth factor-bb(PDGF-bb) and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on adult human articular chondrocytes(AHAC) proliferation and phenotype maintaining. Methods Isolated AHAC were cultured in DMEM/F-12 supplemented with 10% human AB serum, 50 ?g/ml ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 0.4 mmol/L proline, 5 ?g/ml insulin and 1 mmol/L non-essential amino acids (NEAA). The cells of 2nd passage were used for proliferation kinetics studying: 2.0?103 cells/well were seeded on 96-well plate, 24 h later, the cells were stimulated with various growth factors or combinations of these growth factors respectively, and the proliferation kinetics were analyzed by MTT colorimetric method. The passaged chondrocytes' phenotype were assessed by safranine O staining and immunostaining for type Ⅰ,Ⅱcollagens and aggrecan. Results All four growth factors: FGF-2, TGF-?1, PDGF-bb and HGF, could promote the proliferation of AHAC, and the optimal concentrations,when used separately, were 50 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml respectively. While 5 ng/ml FGF-2 combined with 1 ng/ml TGF-?1 could achieve the best proliferation effect, additionally adding PDGF-bb, HGF or both could not enhance more. With the combination of FGF-2 and TGF-?1, the AHAC could expand over 2000-fold and passage over 10 times. Chondrocytes of 9th passage still excreted type Ⅱcollagen and glycosaminoglycan(GAG). Conclusion 5 ng/ml FGF-2 combined with 1 ng/ml TGF-?1 is a very appropriated circumstance for in vitro expanding of AHAC.

Three widely used methods of sediment toxicity evaluation were introduced in the present paper, including organism toxicity tests, toxicity identification evaluation(TIE) and sediment quality guidelines(SQGs). Compared with the chemical analysis, toxicity tests have an advantage of taking the bioavailability of POPs into account, however, it fails to identify the causative toxicants. TIE, integrating with physicochemical analysis, implicates the specific pollutants in a tiered approach, and by which effective remediation can be designed accordingly. The sediment toxicity can be identified more quickly and appropriately by SQGs than by the former two methods. The differences among the different SQGs constituted by different standards may affect their values for toxicity evaluation. Extensive and reliable SQGs had been acquired to improve their utility. Finally, the combination of chemical analysis, toxicity tests and in situ bioassays will be the trend of sediment toxicity evaluation in the future.

Computer-aided detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodule technology can effectively assist the radiologist to enhance lung nodule detection efficiency and accuracy rate, so it can lay the foundation for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In order to provide reference for the scholars and to develop the CAD technology, we in this paper review the technology research and development of CAD of the pulmonary nodules which is based on CT image in recent years both home and abroad. At the same time, we also analyse the advantages and shortcomings of different methods. Then we present the improvement direction for reference. According to the literature in recent years, there still has been large development space in CAD technology for pulmonary nodules. The establishment and improvement of the CAD system in each step would be of great scientific value.
Computer Systems ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND:Colagen materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also had some problems such as low mechanical strength, poor resistance to degradation exposed in the process of clinical application. Numerous studies have reported that proper crosslinking could improve the disadvantage of colagen materials, regulate porous network structure, sweling and degradation of colagen materials. OBJECTIVE: To optimize carbodimide crosslinking process of colagen sponge and determine the best process conditions. METHODS:Colagen sponge was cross-linked by carbodimide for the preparation of loose and porous colagen sponge. Meanwhile, we optimized the conditions of cross-linking, in which the selected concentration of carbodimide was 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mmol/L, linking time was 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours, and linking temperature was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃. We evaluated the best process conditions of colagen sponge through the aperture, porosity, water absorption, and degradation rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The optimal conditions were carbodimide concentration 50 mmol/L, crosslinking temperature 20℃,crosslinking time 6 hours. At this point, the average pore diameter of colagen sponge was 105 μm, the porosity was 79.45%, water absorption was 287.14%, and the degradation rate was 15.04% (2 days). The crosslinking of colagen sponge significantly improved its water absorption and degradation resistance.

Objective To discuss the relationship between c-reactive protein and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome.Methods C-reactive protein of 60 acute coronary syndrome aged patients was evaluated.The patients were divided into two groups:one group with higher CRP level and another group with normal CRP level.The following-up duration was 6 months.After correct therapy,the morbidity of re-angina,arrbythmia,heart failure,re-infarction and cardiac death was compared.Results The morbidity of re-angina,arrhythmia,heart failure,re-infarction,cardiac death was 46.3%(19/41),43.9%(18/41),9.8%(4/41),22.0%(9/41),7.3%(3/41)respectively in higher Clip levd group;The morbidity of re-angina,arrhythmia,heart failure,re-infarction was 15.8%(3/19),10.5%(2/19),5.3%(1/19),5.3%(1/19)respectively in normal CRP group and there was no cardiac death accident.There was significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion CRP plays an important role in the onset of acute coronary syndrome,and its level is related with the higher morbidity of re-angina,arrbythmia,heart failure,re-infarction and cardiac death.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4 have been detected both in respiratory and stool samples since the first HBoV was discovered in 2005. HBoV-1 is mostly associated with respiratory infection, while HBoV 2-4 are usually associated with intestinal tract infection. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection, including cough, wheezing, pneumonia, and diarrhea, but the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV is limited because HBoV cannot be cultured in vitro due to the lack of appropriate host cells. Three-dimensional epithelial cell culture, reverse genetics, and viral metagenomics are identified as novel tools that may promote the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV and the discovery of new viruses. This review summaries currently available diagnostic approaches such as electron microscopy, cell culture, PCR, and immunoassay in order to provide a method reference for indepth research on HBoV.
Animals ; Human bocavirus ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virology ; methods ; Virulence ; Virus Cultivation

Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Coronary Disease ; Humans

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving teaching effects of Medicinal Chemistry Experiment,and cultivat-ing practical talents that in line with needs of the pharmaceutical industry. METHODS:Based on the training target of medicinal preparation major in our college,the basic idea of establishing Medicinal Chemistry Experiment system was discussed,and teach-ing target,content,process and experimental evaluation results of Medicinal Chemistry Experiment were analyzed in detail. RE-SULTS:The experiment teaching system was established,with teaching target of improving knowledge,ability and quality,teach-ing contents of basic experiment,comprehensive experimental design experiment and open experiment,center of developing practi-cal teaching from before class,in class and after class,and means of diversified performance evaluation. CONCLUSIONS:The es-tablished experiment teaching system is suitable for the teaching of Medicinal Chemistry Experiment in medicinal preparation ma-jor,it has created a new situation that professional,innovation and quality education organic integrate in teaching activity,mobi-lized the students’learning enthusiasm and initiative,exercised the students' professional knowledge and practical ability,cultivat-ed students' creative ability and comprehensive quality and enhanced the effect of experiment teaching.