Background At present,researches about retinitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mainly focus on observation and analysis of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced ocular complication.To screen the effective drugs is very important for the treatment of AIDS-related CMV-induced retinitis.Objective This study was to describe the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment outcome of CMV-induced retinitis with BAY 38-4766 and evaluate the relationship between CMV retinitis and AIDS.Methods This was a case observational study.A total of 154 eyes of 84 patients with CMV retinitis and AIDS were enrolled in this study.Before the definitive diagnosis of CMV retinitis,the AIDS course of these patients were 4-26 months.In the initial examination,the visual acuity ranged from finger counting to 0.4,and the number of CD4+ T-lymphocyte was 0-30 cells/μl.The survival time in the patients ranged from 3 weeks to 18 months.BAY 38-4766 was used in 117 eyes of 62 patients,and 102 eyes of 53 patients showed the srinked of retinal lesion and improvement of vision (0.1-0.7).BAY 38-4766 was used to treat the CMV retinitis in 117 eyes of 62 patients with the initial intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg,twice per day for consecutive 2 weeks and followed by oral dose 1 gram per day.The follow-up duration was 2 weeks to 18 months.The fundus feature,visual acuity and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were analyzed.This study proposal was approved by Ethic Committee of the 474th Hospital of PLA,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering this study.Results The numbers of CD4+T-lymphocytes increased to 12-402 eells/μl after administration of BAY 38-4766.The CMV retinitis aggravated and the vision decreased in the untreated 22 patients with the CD4+T-lymphocytes 0-30 cells/μl.Conclusions CMV retinitis is the most common intraocular complication in patients with AIDS.Diagnosis of CMV retinitis is based on the characteristics of necrotizing retinitis,which is typically associated with retinal hemorrhage and vasculitis.BAY 38-4766 is an effective drug for the treatment of CMV retinitis.

Objective To investigate the experience of management of abdominal injuries.Methods The data of 521 cases with abdominal injury from June 2005 to May 2012 was analyzed retrospectively.Results In 521 cases,the grade of ISS within 8-65, average 23.6.453 suffered from blunt injuries and 68 from stab penetrating injuries.Hemorrhagic shock appeared in 231 patients (44.3%).The abdominal viscera injuries occurred in 777 cases.The operability of abdominal injuries was 83.5%,associated with polytrauma in 331.The mortality rate was 6.53%(34/521),in death group,the grade of ISS on average 43.6.13 cases died of hem-orrhagic shock,and 7 died of severe craniocerebral injury,4 died of cardiac injuries,3 died of ARDS due to flail chest and Severe pul-monary infection,one died of ACS and nine died of SIRS and MODS.The incidence rate of complication related to abdominal injury was 12.3% (60/487),most of them was infection and bleeding.Conclusion All that abdominal integrity be destroyed should be ex-plored;use of damage control surgery (DCS)and do not importune to decide to surgery on the basis of organ damage grading in e-mergency;perform laparotomy could improve the treatment success rate of abdominal large vessels injury in the emergency room;pay attention to thelethal triadprecursor,and terminate the operation quickly when it happens.

Objective To evaluate the dinical value of MCA and UtA Doppler parameters for the predication of fetus hypoxia. Methods407 singleton pregnancies at the third trimester were underwent Color Doppler,of which 67 cases were in high risk group and 340 cases were in control group.UtA-PI、UtA-RI、UtA-S/D、MCA-PI、MCA-RI and MCA-S/D were all measured.The ratio of UtA to MCA was calculated.All parameters were analyzed. ResultsIn high risk group,UtA-PI,UmA-RI and UtA-S/D were all higher than that in control group(all P＜0.01),MCA-PI is lower than that in control group(P＜0.05),and the ratio of UtA to MCA was higher than that in control group(all P＜0.01).By the standards of(UtA/MCA)-PI ≥ 0.72,(UtA/MCA)-RI ≥ 0.81,and(UtA/MCA)-S/D ≥ 0.74,the predication sensitivity of fetus hypoxia was 63.3%,and the specificity was 90.2%. ConclusionThe ratio of UtA to MCA could predict fetus hypoxia.

Objective To investigate the application value of double-tube gastrostomy in the duodenal rupture repair.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 41 patients who underwent duodenal rupture repair at the Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from January 2005 to January 2015 were collected.Twenty-five patients using Hassan triple-tube gastrostomy technique between January 2005 and December 2009 were divided into the triple-tube (TT) group and 16 patients using double-tube gastrostomy technique between January 2010 and January 2015 were divided into the double-tube (DT) group.Duodenal rupture repair included suture repair,pedicled ileal flap to repair duodenal defect and end to end anastomosis.Patients underwent the regular treatments of anti-infection,antishock,somatostatin inhibition,nutritional support and complications prevention.Patients were injected with 500 mL/d nutrient solution using enteral nutritional tube from 48 hours after operation,and then dosage was gradually increased to total enteral nutrition and digestive juices collected from drainage fluid were transfused to enteral nutritional tube.The postoperative complications (duodenal fistula,intraperitoneal infection,incision infection,pulmonary infection and intestinal obstruction),operation method,operation time,volume of blood loss,euteral nutritional tube removal time and duration of hospital stay were observed.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s and comparison between groups was analyzed using an independent sample t test.Comparison of count data was analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results All the 41 patients underwent duodenal rupture repair,including 28 using suture repair of duodenal rupture,8 using pedicled ileal flap to repair duodenal defect and 5 using end to end anastomosis,with the intraoperative duodenal decompression and placement of intestinal feeding tube.The operation time was (184 ± 38)minutes in the TT group and (153 ± 37)minutes in the DT group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =2.566,P ＜0.05).The volume of intraoperative blood loss was (1 112 ± 707)mL in the TT group and (1 011 ± 595)mL in the DT group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.476,P ＞ 0.05).The proportions of duodenal fistula,intraperitoneal infection,incision infection and pulmonary infection in the TT and DT groups were 3/25 and 1/16,8/25 and 5/16,9/25 and 4/16,10/25 and 6/16,respectively,showing no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=0.003,0.545,0.026,P ＞ 0.05).Eleven patients were complicated with postoperative early intestinal obstruction,including 10 (3 with partial duodenal stenosis and 7 with incomplete small intestinal obstruction) in the TT group and 1 (partial duodenal stenosis) in the DT group,showing a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative early intestinal obstruction between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Patients with early intestinal obstruction had remission after conservative treatment of gastrointestinal decompression and fasting.The time of intestinal feeding tube indwelling and duration of hospital stay were (25 ±9)days and (29 ± 9)days in the TT group,(19 ± 9)days and (23 ± 8) days in the DT group,with significant differences between the 2 groups (t =2.188,2.120,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Double-tube gastrostomy technique for duodenal rupture repair can simplify the operation procedures and reduce operation time,recovery time and risk of postoperative intestinal obstruction,with a reliable efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics in the incarcerated inmate's death, investigate the main cause of death of the incarcerated inmate and provide some information for forensic investigation. METHODS: The cases from the forensic medical center of Shanxi Medical University from 2005 to 2013 were selected. The statistical analysis was performed by using the incarcerated inmate's gender, age, cause of death, manner of death, and disease as the markers. RESULTS: There were 100 men, 5 women in the 105 incarcerated inmates; the age range was from 16 to 65 years; Inmates were mostly died of natural diseases, mainly in the respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; the main unnatural death was suicide with a rate of 54.5%. CONCLUSION At present, most incarcerated inmate's death are due to natural diseases. The prison should improve incarcerated inmate's lives, work and health care conditions, and strengthen supervision of law enforcement.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality* ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prisoners/statistics & numerical data* ; Prisons ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/mortality* ; Suicide ; Young Adult

A high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte culture model is constructed in this study. It is capable of replicating the 3D in vivo environment and offers the advantages of high throughput, enhanced reproducibility, low cost, and simplified operation, rendering a valuable tool for hepatotoxicity screening of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). First, we constructed the 3D high throughput liver chip model using collagen hydrogel. The precision and its difference with traditional cell culture plates were assessed using acetaminophen, Tripterygium hypoglaucum, and Qili San as the references. The feasibility of this model was also investigated by comparing the hepatotoxicity among four batches of T. hypoglaucum and Qili San. The methodology verification shows that the 3D hepatocyte model is better than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model in precision and feasibility. Subsequently, we compared the hepatotoxicity of different samples over a period of three or seven days and found that the hepatotoxicity of TCM extracts increased over time. Finally, we compared the hepatotoxicity of T. hypoglaucum and its compound formula Kunxian capsule under equivalent concentration. The results showed that the compound Kunxian capsule could significantly reduce hepatotoxicity of T. hypoglaucum. Generally, we constructed a high-throughput, robust 3D liver-on-a-chip model with the potential of rapid assessing TCM-induced liver toxicity.

Background Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide;while the different types of glaucoma is vary from different region. Objective Present study was to survey the prevalence and types of glaucoma among peasants of Uigur adults in Kuche county and offer the basis for the prevent and treatment of glaucoma in Uigur nationanlity. Methods 4191 Uigur peasants aged 40 years or above were collected in Kuche county for the survey of prevalence and types of glaucoma by randomized cluster sampling in March and April of 2009. The subjects were grouped into 40-,50-,60- and ≥70 years groups according to the distribution of age. The disease history of glaucoma, regular eye examination, funds examination and measurement of the anterior chamber depth, gonioscope were performed in the all subjects. Darkroom prone test and mydriasis test were carried out in suspicious glaucomous patients. The depth of periphery anterior chamber was assessed based on van Herick' s criteria, and the width of chamber angle was graded based on Scheie' s method. The standardized training was performed. This survey approved by Xinjiang Medical Ethics Committee, all subjects signed the informed consent before the examination. Results 4191 of 4873 subjects finished all the examinations with the response rate 86%. All the subjects showed a good compliance. The prevalence of glaucoma was 3. 79% , and the prevalence of primary angle-closed glaucoma(PACG) .primary angle-open glaucoma (PAOG) and secondary glaucoma was 2.22% ,0.26% and 1. 31% respectively, showing a significant difference among the different types of glaucoma( P<0. 05). The prevalence of glaucoma was elevated with aging (χ2 - 116. 69 ,P<0. 05) and presented a high rate in male subjects compared with female ones(χ2 = 7. 34, P<0. 05 ). Bilateral blindness was found in 19.75% glaucoma peasants, in which 25.3% glaucoma peasants received anti-glaucoma surgery. The distribution of visual acuity of patients was of significant difference among different age groups(χ2 = 37. 69 ,P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions The prevalence of the glaucoma among Uigur peasants in Kuche county was higher than most area no matter inland or overseas. PACG still is the common type in those people.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Child ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; secondary ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; metabolism ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the lipid constituents from Echinacea purpurea.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by chromatography method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analyses.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as, 1 beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxy-4(14)-eudesmene(1), (2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide(2), (2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide(3), cerotic acid(4), hyxacosyl alcohol(5).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1,4 and 5 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Echinacea ; chemistry ; Fatty Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective:To express Tumstatin_(183-230)-TRAIL fusion protein and to observe its biological functions.Methods: SOE-ing PCR was employed to amplify the recombinant sequence of Tumstatin_(183-230)and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL_(114-281)).An expression vector pMAL-Tu-T was constructed by inserting Tu-T sequence into pMAL-c_2;the vector was used to transfect E.coli BL21(DE3)and expression of MBP-Tu-T fusion protein was induced by IPTG.Amylose Resin columns were employed to purify the fusion protein.The biological functions of MBP-Tu-T protein was examined by inhibitory test of endothelial cell proliferation,standard tumor cell cytotoxic assay,in vitro tube formation inhibition,and electron microscopic observation(apoptosis).Results:The expression rate of MBP-Tu-T fusion protein in E.coli was about 20%. Purified recombinant protein obviously inhibited endothelial cell proliferation(IC_(50)12.5?g/ml),induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells,and inhibited tube formation.Conclusion:Constructed MBP-Tu-T fusion protein is bifunctional,which lays a solid foundation for further investigation of antitumor effect of Tumstatin_(183-230)-TRAIL in vivo.