Objective To estimate and compare the equivalent dose between the intensity modula-ted radiotherapy (IMRT) and conventional radiotherapy (CR) for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The peripheral equivalent dose of NPC patients was measured by TLD during IMRT and CR. The whole-body equivalent dose was calculated. Results When prescribed tumor dose of 70 Gy was given, the mean number of accelerator output units were 25235 MU and 8575 MU, and the whole-body e-quivalent dose were 73.65 mSy and 15.28 mSy for IMRT and CR, respectively. Conclusion The equiva-lent dose in IMRT is 4.8 times higher than that in CR for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nasopharynx ; pathology ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the incidence of CMV infection(CMV-I) and CMV related diseases (CMV-D) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in 70 consecutive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation(allo-HSCT) patients and to search for the optimal prophylactic strategy.Methods: Blood samples were monitored using the CMV pp65 antigenemia assay.Of the 70 patients observed,30 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia［CML:CP(27),AP(2),BC(1)］,12 with acute myeloblastic leukemia(AML),10 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)and other cases were NHL(3), AA(5), MDS(7), SCLC with pancytopenia (1),CLL(1), and MF (1). Sixty six patients received HLA - identical siblings transplantation and four received tranplants from their HLA- haploidentical donors. Seventy cases included allo-PBPCT (64 cases) , allo-BMT (4 cases) and allo-PB+BMT (2). Before transplantation, all patients and donors received CMV serological examination except 4 pairs of donors/recepients. All 66 patients (3 cases were CMV IgM positive) and 64/66 donors were CMV IgG positive. Results：After transplantation, 64/70 patients developed CMV viremia during monitoring period. Forty three of 70 patients developed CMV-D.Thirty five of them suffered from CMV-associated interstitial pneumonia(CMV-IP). The high peak levels of CMV antigenemia were associated with development of CMV disease　. Close correlation was found between acute graft vs host disease(GVHD) and CMV disease. The patients were followed up for 2 to 24 months. The patients who received preemptive therapy(group A)had significantly better outcome than CMV disease group(group B, P=0.0001). Conclusions: The results suggest that CMV antigenemia has high predictive value for subsequent CMV disease and CMV pp65 antigenemia -guided early therapy has particular advantage for avoiding morbidity and mortality caused by CMV disease.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies found that some factors play important role in the process of denervated muscle atrophy, especial y the feak-headbox transcription factor, is the key element to regulate the denervated muscle atrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of RNA interference on inhibiting feak-headbox 3a gene expression in vitro.
METHODS:The myoblast cel line L6 were cultured in the 6-wel cel culture plates, then pEGFP-N1 and smal
interfering RNA recombinant plasmid with the same ratio was transfected under the Lipofectamine2000 mediation to optimize the transfection efficiency of the detection system;2μg smal interfering RNA recombinant plasmid of feak-headbox 3a gene were transfected with myoblast cel line L6 for 48 and 72 hours.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 48 hours after pEGFP-N1 and siRNA recombinant plasmid transfection, a large number of bright green fluorescent displayed under fluorescence microscope with higher transfection efficiency. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that there were significant differences in the sequences of feak-headbox 3a-Ⅰ, feak-headbox 3a-Ⅱ, feak-headbox 3a-Ⅲ, feak-headbox 3a-Ⅳ on feak-headbox 3a mRNA when compared with the control group at 48 and 72 hours after trasfection (P<0.05), and the inhibition effect was more significant at 72
hours after transfection when compared with that at 48 hours after transfection. Western Blot gray analysis showed that there were significant differences in sequences of feak-headbox 3a-Ⅰ, feak-headbox 3a-Ⅱ, feak-headbox 3a-Ⅲ,
feak-headbox 3a-Ⅳ on feak-headbox 3a mRNA when compared with the control group at 48 and 72 hours after
trasfection (P<0.05), and the inhibition effect was more significant at 72 hours after transfection when compared with that at 48 hours after transfection, which was same with the effect on mRNA level. RNA interference in vitro can
significantly inhibit the fork-head transcription factor feak-headbox 3a gene expression, and the inhibition effect of feak-headbox 3a gene smal interfering RNA recombinant plasmid transfected with the sequence on the mRNA and protein level of feak-headbox 3a is not clear, which can provide new idea for the gene therapy of RNA mediated denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

The aims of microbiology experiment teaching are not only to cultivate the students’ capacity of basic operation,but also to expanse their knowledge scope.We applied the bacterial diversity on the teach-ing class to make the students understand the progress of microorganism genomics research.It is helpful to cultivate the students’ innovative spirit and ability.Easy to work,clear result and low cost facilitated the spread of this experiment in the university.

Objective To study the expression of VEGF-C and its receptor in breast carcinoma tissue and in peritumoral tissue,as well as their clinic significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to examine the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR3 in 70 cases of breast cancer and in its peritu- moral tissue.Results In all 70 cases of breast cancer,the positive expression rate of VEGF-C in breast car- cinoma tissue was 78.6 %,and its rate in peritumoral tissue was 54.3 %.There was a significant stastistic dif- ference between the two groups(P

Objective To explore the effect and safety of transcranial approach for spheno-orhital meningioma. Design Retro- spective case series. Participants Thirty-two patients being operated with transcranial approach. Twenty-four cases were meningothelial meningiomas, 3 cases were fibrous meningiomas, 1 case was psammomatous meningioma, 2 cases were atypital meningiomas, 2 case were malignant meningiomas. Methods All patients underwent frontal-temporal craniotomy, the involved sphenoid wing bone and peri- orbit were removed to prevent recurrence. The superior orbital fissure and optic canal were decompressed, the dural and periorbital de- feet were repaired by autogenous temporal fascia or artificial dura. Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative exoph- thalmus and eyeball movement, the extent of tumor resection, the ratio of recurrence. Results The extent of tumor resection: 8 cases were Simpson gradeⅡ, 20 cases Simpson gradeⅢ, 4 cases Simpson grade IV. After surgery, proptosis were improved in all patients, ophthalmoplegia was found in 6 eases. There was no operation-related death or other significant complication. Tumor recurred in 6 cas- es. Conclusions Adequate exposure of the tumor and bony decompression of the cranial nerves can result from transcranial approach, all the involved bone should be removed in order to prevent recurrence. This approach is relatively safe and the ptoptosis are improved significantly. Complete surgical resection is difficult because of the involvement of the orbital apex, superior orbital fissure and cav- ernous sinus.

Choosing the right solvent and timely use is the basis of rational drug use and the most direct and efficient way to improve the safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of solvent and drug preparation time on Shuanghuanglian injection inducing pseudo-allergic reactions with mouse mode. The two tests were carried out: (1) Comparative experiment between different solvent: Shuanghuanglian injection preparation to the appropriate concentration with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection, mixed with Evans blue, at one time intravenous injected into mice, 30 minutes later, the mouse ears vascular permeability were observed and compared. (2) Comparative experiment among different preparation time: placed 10 min, 2.5 h, 6 h and 24 h after Shuanghuanglian injection were prepared and then to detect the pseudo-allergic reactions in mice using the same methods as in (1). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the pseudo-allergic reactions in mice which induced by the same dose of Shuanghuanglian injection, respectively with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection preparation, and with the extension of preparation time, the degree of pseudo-allergic reactions of Shuanghuanglian injection was gradually severe.
Animals ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Solvents ; Time Factors

To evaluated the pseudo-allergic reactions of cordate houttuynia, pulse-activating and Qingkailing injection in mice, the ICR mouse were divided into different test groups, then were intravenously injected with three traditional Chinese medicine injections, positive control compound 48/80 and physiological saline as normal control. All test substances were mixed with 0.4% Evans blue. The reaction and vascular permeability of the ears were observed and measured 30 min after injection. At the same time, the mechanisms of the traditional Chinese injections' pseudo-allergic reactions was studyed. ICR mice were injected with the test substances as above without EB, blood in a part of mice were collected after 5 min, and the level of histamine in the plasma were measured. Blood in the other part of mice were collected after 30 min, and the level of VEGF, TNF-α and IL-10 in the serum were measured. The reasults showed that except the cordate houttuynia injection, pulse-activating injection in 1. 5 times clinical concentration and Qingkailing injection in 3.3 times clinical concentration caused mild pseudo-allergic reactions mainly for vascular permeability, no pseudo-allergic reactions occurred when the concentration of the two injections was below the concentration metioned above; 5 minutes after intravenous injection of the three TCM injections into ICR mice with the highest dose, the levels of histamine in plasma of pulse-activating injection and Qingkailing injection groups were increased significantly, 30 minutes later, the levels of VEGF, TNF-α and IL-10 in the serum of all groups were no significant change compared to normal group. The mouse of pulse-activating and Qingkailing injection groups showed inflammatory changes in ear and lung tissues. It can be conluded that when the dose or concentration increased to a certain extent, pulse-activating and Qingkailing injection could induce pseudo-allergic reactions on ICR mice, the increased histamine realease maybe the main reason for pseudo-allergic reactions of the two traditional Chinese medicine injections. In addition the author preliminary thought that inflammatory mechanisms leading to hyperpermeabilities were the main reason of the traditional Chinese medicine injection's pseudo-allergic reaction.
Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR