No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the CT cholangiography by using helical CT with multiplanar reformation in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT was performed in 36 patients of extrahepatic biliary obstruction confirmed by operation or invasive cholangiography(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography). The cause of obstructions were 18 benign diseases(11 common bile duct stones, four choledochal cysts, three pancreatitis) and 18 malignant diseases(seven common bile duct carcinomas, seven pancreatic head carcinomas, three ampullary carcinomas, one periampullary duodenal carcinoma). After helical scanning through the extrahepatic bile duct, retrospective reconstruction of the helical data was performed. And then, CT cholagiogram was obtained with multiplanar reformation. We evaluated the technical success rate and the accuracy in determinating the level and the cause of the obstruction. We compared findings of the CT cholangiogram with that of operation or invasive cholangiography. RESULTS: In 100%(36/36) of cases, CT cholangiography could be obtained successfully. The accuracy of the CT cholangiography in determinating the level of the obstruction was 100%(11 cases of suprapancreatic duct, 13 cases of intrapancreatic duct, 13 cases of infrapancreatic duct and ampulla), and the accuracy in determinating the cause of the obstruction was 91.7%(all cases of 18 benign diseases, and 15 cases of 18 malignant diseases). CONCLUSION: In evaluating the obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts, the CT cholangiography by using helical CT with multiplanar reformation is an useful noninvasive method in determinating the level.and the cause of biliary obstruction and therefore could replace t~e invasive cholangiography.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Cholangiography* ; Choledochal Cyst ; Common Bile Duct ; Head ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

No abstract available.
Angioplasty*

OBJECTIVETo screen and verify differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer.

METHODSUsing DNA microarray, we screened differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer tissue and its adjacent tissue followed by verification by PCR.

RESULTSA total of 1 444 genes were found to be differentially expressed (differentiation ≥ 1.5-fold; P≤ 0.05) in the prostate cancer tissue, of which 769 (53%) were up-regulated and 675 (47%) down-regulated. Fifty percent of the differentially expressed genes showed a 1.5- to 2-fold differentiation, including 396 up-regulated and 182 down-regulated ones. Additionally, 308 up-regulated and 334 down-regulated genes exhibited a >2- to 5-fold, 46 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated genes a > 5- to 10-fold, and 19 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated genes a > 10-fold differentiation. Verification by subjecting 15 most significantly up-regulated and another 15 most markedly down-regulated genes to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of the genes had a transcriptional profile similar to that in the microarray data, with a Pearson correction coefficient of 0.83 between the microarray data and qRT-PCR results. Totally, 10 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified.

CONCLUSIONDNA microarray analysis provides reliable information on differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer and benign tissues. The 10 significantly differentially expressed genes verified by qRT-PCR could possibly become new bio-markers and specific molecules for tumor identification.

Cell Differentiation ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Helical CT in the preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed Helical CT on 66 patients with pathologically proved gastric carcinoma. The findings were prospectively analyzed and correlated with surgical and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: The detection rate for gastric carcinoma was 88%(58/66). The rates of accuracy, understaging, and overstaging of Helical CT according to TNM staging in determining the depth of tumor invasion were 68%(45/66),23%(15/66), and 9%(6/66), respectively. In early and less advanced carcinomas(T1 & T2), the depth of tumor invasion was correctly determined in only 44%(11/25) of cases, whereas in more advanced carcinomas (T3 & T4), the corresponding figure was 83%(34/41). In lymph node staging, accuracy, understaging, and overstaging rates were 62%(41/66), 21%(14/66), and 17%(11/66), respectively. Helical CT showed a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of97%, and an accuracy of 92% in assessing metastasis to lymph nodes. One of five cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis(20%) was correctly diagnosed by Helical CT. CONCLUSION: In the preoperative evaluation of gastriccarcinoma, Helical CT is useful in the detection of tumours and for determining the depth of tumor invasion, particularly in cases where there is serosal and adjacent organ invasion; for the evaluation of metastasis tolymph nodes and peritoneal carcinomatosis its usefulness is limited, however. Further resech will therefore be necessary.
Carcinoma ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Purpose To study the clinicopathological characteristics,treatments and prognosis of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC).Methods Twenty cases of LELC were collected and the clinicopathological characteristics,immunohistochemical expression,survival data and clinical treatments were analyzed,with review of the literatures.Resuits Histopathologically,it was characterized by the syncytial pattern of growing with large vesicular nuclei,conspicuous nucleoli,and a marked lymphocytic infiltrate in the stroma that was similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The immunohistochemical staining of CKpan showed positive expression in all cases (100％).Also the positive expression of in situ hybridization of Epstein-Bar virus-encoded RNA (EBER) were in all cases (100％) while the positive cases of CK5/6,p63 and p40 were 19,18,and 16 respectively.But gene mutations such as EGFR,K-RAS were negative.All the LELC patients in this cohort were survived until the deadline of follow-up.Comprehensive treatments were done such as surgical resection,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusion Primary pulmonary LELC is a rare disease that histomorphological analysis and immunohistochemistry are the main methods of diagnosis for it.It must be excluded the metastasis carcinoma from other locations.While both EGFR mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)mutation could be commonly detected in non-small cell lung cancer,but seldom in LELC of lung.The high expression of PD1/PD-L1 may provide a rationale for immunotherapy in this subtype of lung cancer.Currently,experimental therapy is still taken in the pulmonary LELC.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in synovium of rats with adjuvant arthritis and the relationship between the histopathologic score and the expression of VEGF.Methods Adjuvant arthritis was established in Wistar rats by inoculating complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA). We calculated the arthropathologic score and the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein at different stages after CFA inoculation.Results In model group the arthropathologic score and expression of VEGF protein in synovium increased significantly all the time (P

Objective To investigate the etiology of patients with severe to profound hearing loss and to identify the ratio of hereditary hearing loss in Chffeng area in Northern China. Methods DNA were extracted from peripheral blood of 134 deaf patients from Chifeng special educational school and 100 normal hearing controls in Northern China. Audiology examinations showed that all patients had severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment. Sequence analysis of the whole coding areas of GJB2, GJB3, GJB6, SLC26A4, mtDNA12SrRNA and mtDNAtRNASer(LCN) were performed. Individuals carrying SLC26A4 mutation were given further temporal bone CT scan. Results The ratio of hearing loss related to genetic factors in this population was 60. 45% (81/134). About 33.58% (45/134) of the patients were given accurate genetic diagnosis. GJB2 mutations were responsible for approximately 17.16% of the cases in ChiFeng area. By screening SLC26A4 followed by temporal bone CT scan, we diagnosed 20 cases of enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and/or other inner ear malformation. SLC26A4 mutations account for about 14. 93% of the cases. The aminoglycoside-related mtDNA 1555A > G mutation accounted for 0.76% of the eases in Chifeng area. In addition, another 13.43% (18/134)of the cases carried heterozygous GJB2 mutation and their hearing loss may be related to GJB2. 6. 72% (9/134)of the cases carried heterezygous SLC26A4 mutation who were not found EVA by temporal bone CT or not took CT examination for some reasons. However, their hearing loss may also be SLC26A4-related. About 2. 24% (3/134)of the cases carried mtDNA 12SrRNA 1095 T > C which may also be an aminoglycoside-related mutation and very likely be the cause of hearing loss. GJB3 might participate in the pathomechanism of hearing loss in 1.49% (2/134) of the patients. GJB6 mutation was not detected in this population. Conclusions The ratio of hearing loss related to genetic factors in the sample drawing population from Chifeng was 60. 45% (81cases). GJB2 is the most common gene and SLC26A4 is the second common gene next to GJB2 that cause deafness in this area.