Objective To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and its correlation with visual field mean defects(MD)in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 normal controls undertook RNFL examination by Stratus OCT-3. Circular scans (diameter is 3. 46 mm) were taken around the optic nerve head including eight quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasalinferior). The RNFL thickness in different quadrants in the two groups was analyzed. The visual field of PD patients was measured by central 30-2 program of Humphery750 visual field analyzer, and the MD was recorded. The correlation between RNFL thickness and MD was analyzed by linear correlation and regression analysis. Results RNFL thicknesses of superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior, nasal-inferior and average RNFL thickness in the control group were (132.7±17.4), (141. 5±15. 3),(83. 2±17. 5), (83.7±22.3) ,(120.8±21.2), (117. 9±24.5) ,(109.6±20. 6),(110.2±27.7), and(109. 9±8. 5) μm respectively, while in the PD group they were (128.1±25.3),(128. 6±13. 2),(68. 7±13. 5),(76. 5±17. 8),(102. 6±23. 7), (103.3±14.1) ,(101.2±20.9),(96.6±15.0),(102.3±11.9) μm . Compared with each other, the differences of RNFL thickness of inferior, temporal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior and average RNFL thickness were statistically significant (t = 2. 595, 2. 700, 2. 330, 2. 153,2. 131;P = 0. 014, 0. 011, 0. 026, 0. 040, 0. 041). There was a close negative relationship between average RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients (r= -0. 933, P<0. 0001). Conclusions RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in PD patients than that in the normal controls. There was a negative relationship between RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients.

Niclosamide is the most commonly used molluscicide. Along with a lot of application of niclosamide more and more scientists studied its toxic effects to aquatic organisms as well as the related cell toxicity mechanism. This paper summariz?es the toxicity on cell organelle enzyme cell signaling pathway and genetic material caused by niclosamide and puts for?ward the future research direction.

Objective To evaluate visual field changes in early mild Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 66 eyes of 33 cases with early mild Parkinson's disease and 72 eyes of 36 age-matched normal individuals were enrolled into the study.Humphrey Field Analyzer Ⅱ was applied for central visual field test.The visual field indices of mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were analyzed to evaluate the location and the characteristics of visual field defect in this study.Results Visual field indices MD (-3.4±2.5) dB was significantly changed in patients with PD when compared to the controls (-0.6 ± 1.7) dB.PSD (4.3±2.6) was significantly higher in patients with PD than that in the control group (2.1 ± 1.8) dB.Glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) assessment was within normal limits in the controls.Of the 33 patients (66 eyes) in PD,GHT showed outside normal limits in 31 eyes,borderline in 8 eyes,and within normal limits in 27 eyes.31 eyes outside normal limits appeared glaucomatous visual field defects,in which 16 with nasal step and 5 with arcuate defect.Conclusions Visual field indices including MD and PSD in early mild patients with PD were significantly worse than that in the controls group.GHT abnormalities could be found in early mild PD patients with visual field defects,including pericentral scotoma and nasal step,which mimicked glaucomatous changes.

Objective To explore the change of focal cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats and the role of intervention with Nimodipine.Methods 72 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: ICH group, Nimodipine treatment group and normal control group. The rat models of ICH were made by Nath modified method. The rats in Nimodipine group and in normal control group were received Nimodipine (1mg/kg) and same amount of normal saline intraperitoneally, retrospectively. The rCBF was measured by hydrogen cleaning method at 1 h, 4 h, 24 h and 48 h after ICH and compared with normal control group. Results Compared with normal control group, the rCBF was reduced remarkably in the hemorrhagic ipsolateral cortical and basilar ganglia regions at 1h and 48 h after ICH (all P

Objective To study how to prevent the persistent ectopic pregnancy(PEP)effectively after the conservative celioscope surgery.Methods After conservative celioscope surgery,MTX(Group A)and the traditional chinese medicine(Group B)were taken to the people who had ectopic pregnancy to prevent PEP.Results 2 examples in group A had PEP,as well as non-PEP occurred in group B.Conclusion The function of the traditional chinese medicine after conservative celioscope surgery to prevent the persistent ectopic pregnancy was much better.

Abstract?AlM:To study the thickness changes of retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) in Parkinson's disease ( PD) .?METHODS:Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 controls were chosen to take RNFL examination by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Circular scans were taken around the optic nerve head (diameter = 3. 46mm) to record the features of RNFL. Scanning areas included eight quadrants of the temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal, inferior-nasal and superior-nasal quadrant. RNFL thickness was comparatively analyzed in eight quadrants and the average level in two groups.?RESULTS: RNFL thickness in two groups in temporal, superior, nasal , inferior, temporal- inferior, temporal-superior, nasal-inferior, nasal-superior were: ( control/PD) 83. 2 ± 17. 5μm/68. 7 ± 13. 5μm, 132. 7 ± 17. 4μm/128. 1 ± 25. 3μm, 83. 7 ± 22. 3μm/76. 5 ± 17. 8μm, 141. 5 ± 15. 3μm/128. 6± 13. 2μm, 117. 9 ± 24. 5μm/103. 3 ± 14. 1μm, 120. 8 ± 21. 2μm /102. 6 ± 23. 7μm, 110. 2 ± 27. 7μm/96. 6 ± 15. 0μm, 109. 6 ± 20. 6μm/101. 2 ± 20. 9μm. The average RNFL thickness in controls was 109. 9 ± 8. 5μm while it showed 102. 3 ± 11. 9μm in PD group. RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal and the average RNFL thickness were statistically different in two groups ( t= 2. 595, 2. 700, 2. 153, 2. 330, 2. 131;P= 0. 014, 0. 011,0. 040,0. 026,0. 041).?CONCLUSlON: RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior temporal, superior temporal and the average RNFL thickness are significantly thinner in mild PD than those in the controls.

Objective: To develop Chinese Marital Motivation and Reason Inventory (CMMRI) and examine it's reliability and validity. Methods: A 40-items, self-report measure of marital motivation and reason was developed based definition of marital motivation and reason and clinical experiences. The test-retest reliability, split-half reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and empirical validity were examined in the general sample of 1303 subjects, retest sample of 52 subjects, and validity sample of 95 subjects, aged from 6 to 91 years. Results: The stability coefficients, split-half reliability, Cronbach's ?coefficients were 0.62~0.80, 0.61~0.79 and 0.62~0.80 for 4 dimensions. There were significant differences between subjects in separation and divorcee and subjects in marriage on the CMMRI. In the confirmatory analysis of four factors model, fit statistics for the model best explained the observed relationships between the item scores and they attained the lower x2/df ratios and RMSEA, and higher IFI, TLI, CFI, PNFI and PCFI. Conclusion: The stability, internal consistency, and validity of the CMMRI are good and meet with psychometric standard.

This paper reviews practices and features of health service system planning in some countries, and analyze its implications for China’s system planning. It is an international common practice to perform health service system planning to improve resource allocation efficiency, to meet multilevel demands of medical services, and to control dramatic growth of medical expenditures. Governments and their affiliated departments are the main body to formulate and implement the plans, and different levels of governments have different responsibilities in planning. During the procedure of formulating and implementing plans, collaborative governance network can be utilized to en-courage multi-party stakeholders to participate. The government should play an active role in planning to ensure the equity and accessibility of health services. The authority of planning can be achieved mainly through the comprehen-sive measures in legislation, political regulation, economic incentives, etc. Improved tools and methods based on multidisciplinary theories can be used to improve plan’s scientificity and delicacy. China can learn from international experience in formulating and implementing health service system plans.

Objective To observe the outcomes of satellite ganglion block(SGB)via posterior edge of stcmoclcidomastoid approach.Methods SGB was performed in 2 400 patients,who wererandomly divided into two groups with l 200 cases each.The puncture of SGB in group SPA was via posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid approach and that in group TPA via traditional paratracheal approac}L The same local anesthetics was used in two groups.The success rate(Horner'S syndrome appearance)and complications were compared.Results The success rate was higher in group SPA than that in group TPA(97% VS.92%)(P<0.05).Repeated puncture was needed in 16 cases ingroup SPA,which were less than 98 cases in group TPA(P<0.05).Laryngeal nerve block wasoccurred in 24 cases in group SPA.which were less than 37 cases in group TPA(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared to the traditional paratracheal approach,SGB via posterior edge ofsternocleidomastoid approach has the advantages of clear positioning,easy puncture,higher success rate and less complications.

Objective To discuss the relationship between self-control and aggressive structure of middle school students.Methods Using Self-control Questionnaire,Aggressive Questionnaire and the Implicit Association Test(IAT)to test 298 middle school students.Results The effects of students'thought control,emotion control and behavior control related not remarkable on implicit aggression(r=-0.11,r=-0.07,r=-0.03,P>0.05),but remarkable on the explicit aggression(β=-0.232,β=-0.188,β=-0.231,P＜0.05).The moderating effect of implicit aggression to the relationship between self-control and explicit aggression is weakly(△R2=0.007,P>0.05).Conclusion Self-control has remarkable inhibitory action to the explicit aggression,and the inhibitory action will not be influenced by implicit aggression.