Niclosamide is the most commonly used molluscicide. Along with a lot of application of niclosamide more and more scientists studied its toxic effects to aquatic organisms as well as the related cell toxicity mechanism. This paper summariz?es the toxicity on cell organelle enzyme cell signaling pathway and genetic material caused by niclosamide and puts for?ward the future research direction.

Objective To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and its correlation with visual field mean defects(MD)in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 normal controls undertook RNFL examination by Stratus OCT-3. Circular scans (diameter is 3. 46 mm) were taken around the optic nerve head including eight quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasalinferior). The RNFL thickness in different quadrants in the two groups was analyzed. The visual field of PD patients was measured by central 30-2 program of Humphery750 visual field analyzer, and the MD was recorded. The correlation between RNFL thickness and MD was analyzed by linear correlation and regression analysis. Results RNFL thicknesses of superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior, nasal-inferior and average RNFL thickness in the control group were (132.7±17.4), (141. 5±15. 3),(83. 2±17. 5), (83.7±22.3) ,(120.8±21.2), (117. 9±24.5) ,(109.6±20. 6),(110.2±27.7), and(109. 9±8. 5) μm respectively, while in the PD group they were (128.1±25.3),(128. 6±13. 2),(68. 7±13. 5),(76. 5±17. 8),(102. 6±23. 7), (103.3±14.1) ,(101.2±20.9),(96.6±15.0),(102.3±11.9) μm . Compared with each other, the differences of RNFL thickness of inferior, temporal, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior and average RNFL thickness were statistically significant (t = 2. 595, 2. 700, 2. 330, 2. 153,2. 131;P = 0. 014, 0. 011, 0. 026, 0. 040, 0. 041). There was a close negative relationship between average RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients (r= -0. 933, P<0. 0001). Conclusions RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in PD patients than that in the normal controls. There was a negative relationship between RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients.

Objective To evaluate visual field changes in early mild Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 66 eyes of 33 cases with early mild Parkinson's disease and 72 eyes of 36 age-matched normal individuals were enrolled into the study.Humphrey Field Analyzer Ⅱ was applied for central visual field test.The visual field indices of mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were analyzed to evaluate the location and the characteristics of visual field defect in this study.Results Visual field indices MD (-3.4±2.5) dB was significantly changed in patients with PD when compared to the controls (-0.6 ± 1.7) dB.PSD (4.3±2.6) was significantly higher in patients with PD than that in the control group (2.1 ± 1.8) dB.Glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) assessment was within normal limits in the controls.Of the 33 patients (66 eyes) in PD,GHT showed outside normal limits in 31 eyes,borderline in 8 eyes,and within normal limits in 27 eyes.31 eyes outside normal limits appeared glaucomatous visual field defects,in which 16 with nasal step and 5 with arcuate defect.Conclusions Visual field indices including MD and PSD in early mild patients with PD were significantly worse than that in the controls group.GHT abnormalities could be found in early mild PD patients with visual field defects,including pericentral scotoma and nasal step,which mimicked glaucomatous changes.

Objective To explore the change of focal cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats and the role of intervention with Nimodipine.Methods 72 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: ICH group, Nimodipine treatment group and normal control group. The rat models of ICH were made by Nath modified method. The rats in Nimodipine group and in normal control group were received Nimodipine (1mg/kg) and same amount of normal saline intraperitoneally, retrospectively. The rCBF was measured by hydrogen cleaning method at 1 h, 4 h, 24 h and 48 h after ICH and compared with normal control group. Results Compared with normal control group, the rCBF was reduced remarkably in the hemorrhagic ipsolateral cortical and basilar ganglia regions at 1h and 48 h after ICH (all P

Objective To study how to prevent the persistent ectopic pregnancy(PEP)effectively after the conservative celioscope surgery.Methods After conservative celioscope surgery,MTX(Group A)and the traditional chinese medicine(Group B)were taken to the people who had ectopic pregnancy to prevent PEP.Results 2 examples in group A had PEP,as well as non-PEP occurred in group B.Conclusion The function of the traditional chinese medicine after conservative celioscope surgery to prevent the persistent ectopic pregnancy was much better.

Abstract?AlM:To study the thickness changes of retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) in Parkinson's disease ( PD) .?METHODS:Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 controls were chosen to take RNFL examination by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Circular scans were taken around the optic nerve head (diameter = 3. 46mm) to record the features of RNFL. Scanning areas included eight quadrants of the temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal, inferior-nasal and superior-nasal quadrant. RNFL thickness was comparatively analyzed in eight quadrants and the average level in two groups.?RESULTS: RNFL thickness in two groups in temporal, superior, nasal , inferior, temporal- inferior, temporal-superior, nasal-inferior, nasal-superior were: ( control/PD) 83. 2 ± 17. 5μm/68. 7 ± 13. 5μm, 132. 7 ± 17. 4μm/128. 1 ± 25. 3μm, 83. 7 ± 22. 3μm/76. 5 ± 17. 8μm, 141. 5 ± 15. 3μm/128. 6± 13. 2μm, 117. 9 ± 24. 5μm/103. 3 ± 14. 1μm, 120. 8 ± 21. 2μm /102. 6 ± 23. 7μm, 110. 2 ± 27. 7μm/96. 6 ± 15. 0μm, 109. 6 ± 20. 6μm/101. 2 ± 20. 9μm. The average RNFL thickness in controls was 109. 9 ± 8. 5μm while it showed 102. 3 ± 11. 9μm in PD group. RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal and the average RNFL thickness were statistically different in two groups ( t= 2. 595, 2. 700, 2. 153, 2. 330, 2. 131;P= 0. 014, 0. 011,0. 040,0. 026,0. 041).?CONCLUSlON: RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior temporal, superior temporal and the average RNFL thickness are significantly thinner in mild PD than those in the controls.

Objective To observe the degree of liver su rface abnormality using high frequency probes and additional methods and to investigate the diagnostic value of semi-quatitative grading in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven cases of cirrhosis (including 83 cases of hepatocelular carcinoma) confirmed by operation and pathology were enrolled in the group while 56 cases of non-cirrhotic patients with no clinical signs and negative surgical gross findings (operation for other kinds of tumors) served as the control. Five additional methods such as high frequency probes, harmonic technique, local zooming out, regulating focus and decreasing gain were used to observe the configuration and thickness of liver surface. Five-grade classification of liver surface was adopted as follows: thin and regular-grade 0; slightly thickened with increased echogenicity-grade Ⅰ; thickened like fine ripples-grade Ⅱ; significantly thickened with segmental incontinuence-grade Ⅲ; significantly thickened like waves-grade Ⅳ. Observation on configuration of the round ligament: thin, regular with the thickness ≤2 mm was considered as normal whereas thickened, irregular with increased echogenicity as abnormal. Results Of the 127 cases in the study group, 11 cases were grade 0, and grade Ⅰ 21 cases, grade Ⅱ 27 cases, grade Ⅲ 32 cases, grade Ⅳ 36 cases. In the control group there were 48 cases of grade 0 and 8 cases of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of liver surface detection with this method were 91.3-%, 85.7-%, 89.6-%, respectively. 75% (9/12 cases) patients with liver fibrosis and 95.5%- patients ( 64/67- cases) with cirrhosis were found with abnormality of hepatic ligaments in the study group. While only 4 cases ( 8.9-%) with abnormality appeared in the control group.Conclusions Grading of changes in liver surface might sensitively reflect their pathological changes. In addition, it would be a reliable method in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and early stage cirrhosis as well as a semi-quatitative diagnostic tool for advancement of diffuse liver diseases.

Objective To summarize ultrasonographic manifestations of distal esophageal carcinoma compared with surgical and pathological findings,and investigate the diagnostic role of transabdominal ultrasound in evaluation of invasion depth of distal esophageal carcinoma. Methods Criteria on invasion depth of distal esophageal carcinoma by transabdominal ultrasound were as follows: intramural hypoechoic tumor with continuous smooth hyperechoic line of adventitia and free movement of esophagus with breath were considered as S1;incontinuous or interrupted hyperechoic line of adventitia and relatively poor movement of esophagus with breath were considered as S2;unclear boundaries of tumor with adjacent structures and poor or no relative movement with breath,S3. S1,S2,S3 referred to those without or with adventitia invasion or invasion to adjacent structures,respectively. Eighty-nine esophageal carcinoma and esophageal-cardiac junction carcinoma were enrolled in our study and retrospectively studied compared with surgical and pathological findings. Results For tumors of S1,S2,S3,the thickness of the esophageal wall were 0.4 - 4.3 cm, 0.5 - 2.1 cm, 0.9 - 3.2 cm,respectively. Thickness of the esophageal wall was significantly related with invasion depth ( P

This paper reviews practices and features of health service system planning in some countries, and analyze its implications for China’s system planning. It is an international common practice to perform health service system planning to improve resource allocation efficiency, to meet multilevel demands of medical services, and to control dramatic growth of medical expenditures. Governments and their affiliated departments are the main body to formulate and implement the plans, and different levels of governments have different responsibilities in planning. During the procedure of formulating and implementing plans, collaborative governance network can be utilized to en-courage multi-party stakeholders to participate. The government should play an active role in planning to ensure the equity and accessibility of health services. The authority of planning can be achieved mainly through the comprehen-sive measures in legislation, political regulation, economic incentives, etc. Improved tools and methods based on multidisciplinary theories can be used to improve plan’s scientificity and delicacy. China can learn from international experience in formulating and implementing health service system plans.

Objective To discuss the relationship between self-control and aggressive structure of middle school students.Methods Using Self-control Questionnaire,Aggressive Questionnaire and the Implicit Association Test(IAT)to test 298 middle school students.Results The effects of students'thought control,emotion control and behavior control related not remarkable on implicit aggression(r=-0.11,r=-0.07,r=-0.03,P>0.05),but remarkable on the explicit aggression(β=-0.232,β=-0.188,β=-0.231,P＜0.05).The moderating effect of implicit aggression to the relationship between self-control and explicit aggression is weakly(△R2=0.007,P>0.05).Conclusion Self-control has remarkable inhibitory action to the explicit aggression,and the inhibitory action will not be influenced by implicit aggression.