Objective To investigate the role of Stat1 in pathological process of nerve cells apoptosis induced by diffuse axonal injury (DAI) on rats. MethodsThe DAI model was established by using an injury model adapted from Marmarou et al. in 1994. All animals were divided into three groups, including control group, mock group and test group sacrificed on 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 240 hours post injury (hpi). The paraffin-embedded sections of brain tissue were processed for HE staining and Bielschowsky’s silver method. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and the expression of bax and bcl-2 were analyzed by RT-PCR. And Phospho-Ser727 Stat1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in different brain regions. ResultsThere was no brain contusion within HE staining, however, waving and enlargement of axons were observed within Bielschowsky’s silver method. The apoptotic rate of brain cells as well as PCR products ratio of bax to bcl-2 was highest at 24 hpi and decreased with time. An up-regulation of Phospho-Ser727 Stat1 at 6 hpi was discernible, and then reached the top at 24 hpi in cortex, cerebellum, brain stem and corpus callosum, and at 12 hpi in hippocampus. This increase was associated with the nerve cells apoptosis, r=0.921. In addition, the Phospho-Ser727 Stat1 positive cells were neurons and glial cells assessed from morphous. ConclusionsOur data indicate that Stat1 may contribute to the apoptosis of DAI on rats. In addition, the expression of Phospho-Ser727 Stat1 in glial cells suggested that glial cells may play an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of DAI.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of different HPV methods in screening of cervical cancers.Methods Between August 2011 and November 2011,424 women in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital were enrolled in this study.All participants were undergone liquid-based cytology test (LCT),Hybrid capture Ⅱ (HC-Ⅱ) and real-time (RT)PCR high risk HPV DNA test for HPV16 and HPV18 genotyping.Those results were classified into two group:424 women at HC-Ⅱ group with LCT and HC-Ⅱ test and 421 women at PCR group with LCT and PCR test.All women with atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or above in cytological result with high risk HPV positive at two group underwent cervical biopsy by colposcopy.In the mean time,women with negative in cytological results and with HPV 16 and(or) HPV 18 positive also underwent histo-pathological examination by and colposcopy.The results in two groups were discussed:LCT + HC-Ⅱ group (424 patients) and LCT + PCR12+2 group (421 patients).Results (1) There was no significant difference in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ or above disease between LCT + HC-Ⅱ group and LCT + PCR12+2 group (x2 =3.35,P ＞ 0.05).Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detection of CIN Ⅱ or above using HC-Ⅱ and PCR12 +2 were 77.8％,79.4％,20.4％,98.1％ and 96.3％,78.2％,23.2％,99.7％,respectively.(2) In LCT + PCR12+2 group,it was found 34 women with HPV16 positive,5 women with HPV 18 positive including 1 women combined with HPV 16 positive,74 women with other high risk HPV positive and 309 women with HPV negative.Compared to the infection of other high-risk HPV types,HPV 16 and HPV 18 infection leads to a higher chance of cervical lesions with CIN Ⅱ or above [51.3％(20/39) and 8.1％ (6/74)].(3) A significant difference of causing cervical cancer and CIN Ⅱ or above was found among women who were infected with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 infection,with other high-risk HPV types and negative in high-risk HPV infection (x2 =93.98,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion LCT combined with PCR genotyping HPV could identify CIN Ⅱ or above disease efficiently.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots of Allium tuberosum. METHODS: Colum chromatography with different materials such as silica gel was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated from the roots of Allium tuberosum and their structures were identified as 4,8-dihydroxyacetophenone-8-O-ferulate(1), 4,8-dihydroxyacetophenone(2), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid(3), 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid(4), buddlenol D(5), E-1,6,11-triene-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-9,9-dioxide(6), tianshic acid(7), daucosterol(8), and linoleic acid(9). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound and compounds 2-5 are obtained from Allium tuberosumfor the first time.

Autopsy ; Female ; Humans ; Reye Syndrome ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

This article describes the experiences of professor CHEN Quan-xin, an old famous TCM doctor, in the treatment of insomnia. He believes that insomnia stems from incoordination between nutrient qi and defensive qi and deficient cultivation of cardiac spirit, and treatment of insomnia need to regulate spirit and quiet heart coherently. Painless acupuncture method of Chen's flying needling is adopted including to select Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Anmian (Extra) as the main points and take special needling technique and grading reinforcing and reducing manipulations. During treatment, he pays attention to understanding patients' psychological and mental status through "watching one's expressions and weighing his words carefully".
Acupuncture Therapy ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Spirituality

BACKGROUNDIt is known that excessive release of glutamate can induce excitotoxicity in neurons and lead to seizure. Dexamethasone has anti-seizure function. The aim of this study was to investigate glutamate-dexamethasone interaction in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, identify differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of glutamate-induced epileptic rats by mRNA differential display, and observe the effects of dexamethasone on these genes expression.

METHODSSeizure models were established by injecting 5 microl (250 microg/microl) monosodium glutamate (MSG) into the lateral cerebral ventricle in rats. Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 30 minutes after MSG inducing convulsion. The rats' behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) were then recorded for 1 hour. The effects of dexamethasone on gene expression were observed in MSG-induced epileptic rats at 1 hour and 6 hours after the onset of seizure by mRNA differential display. The differentially expressed genes were confirmed by Dot blot.

RESULTSEEG and behaviors showed that MSG did induce seizure, and dexamethasone could clearly alleviate the symptom. mRNA differential display showed that MSG increased the expression of some genes in epileptic rats and dexamethasone could downregulate their expression. From more than 10 differentially expressed cDNA fragments, we identified a 226 bp cDNA fragment that was expressed higher in the hippocampus of epileptic rats than that in the control group. Its expression was reduced after the administration of dexamethasone. Sequence analysis and protein alignment showed that the predicted amino acid sequence of this cDNA fragment kept 43% identity to agmatinase, a member of the ureohydrolase superfamily.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest that the product of the 226 bp cDNA has a function similar to agmatinase. Dexamethasone might relax alleviate seizure by inhibiting expression of the gene.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Electroencephalography ; drug effects ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Glutamate ; pharmacology

Autopsy ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; Enterovirus ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus B, Human ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the HIV infection risk perception, sexual behavior and condom use among college students who had sexual experiences.

METHODSUsing data generated from a survey on AIDS related knowledge and risk perception and sexual behavior (conducted in a coast city of Zhejiang province in 2003), with a questionnaire involving self-reporting history of sexual experience. Software SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS47.0 percent of the 2785 students having had sexual experience did not feel that sexual experience was related to HIV risk while 51.3 percent them considered their sexual behavior was at much low risk. 80.5 percent of the students with sexual experience had ever used condoms, but only 16.0 percent used it consistently. There was no association between risk perception and condom use, but there was association between risk perception and intention for condom use.

CONCLUSIONThe college students having had sexual experience had low level of risk perception on HIV infection and had a high rate of ever condom use but low in consistent use. Extensive and detailed prevention intervention was needed to improve the safe sexual behaviors.

Attitude to Health ; China ; Condoms ; utilization ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Risk ; Sexual Behavior ; Students ; psychology ; Universities ; Unsafe Sex

Objective:To explore anti-platelet/anti-coagulation treatment and their influence on prognosis in advanced aged patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)complicated atrial fibrillation (AF)after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 204 advanced aged ACS + AF patients treated in our heart center were se-lected.All patients received CHA2 DS2 Vasc score assessment,male had score ≥2 scores and female had score ≥3 scores.A total of 160 cases received dual anti-platelet therapy combined anticoagulant treatment of warfarin,and they were randomly divided into low intensity group [n=80,international normalized ratio (INR)remained 1.8~2.3]and high intensity group (n=80,INR remained 2.3~2.8),both groups were followed up for 18 months.Inci-dence rates of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE),ischemic and hemorrhage events were observed.Results:Both groups were followed up for a mean 18 months,and there were no significant differ-ence in all-cause mortality,incidence rates of MACCE and fatal hemorrhage between two groups,P > 0.05 all.Compared with low intensity group,there were significant rise in incidence rates of severe hemorrhage (3.8% vs. 12.5%),P <0.05.Conclusion:Low intensity warfarin anticoagulant therapy can effectively reduce incidence rates of MACCE and ischemic events,and incidence rate of hemorrhage events is low in advanced aged ACS + AF pa-tients after PCI.

The stem of Cynomorium songaricum is a traditional Chinese medicine reputed to have tonic effects. C. coccineum growing in northern Africa and the Mediterranean region is regarded in Arabian medical practice as the "treasure of drugs". The major constituents of Cynomorium plants have been revealed to be phenolic compounds, steroids, triterpenes, etc. Pharmacologic studies showed that the Cynomorium plants had antioxidant, immunity-improving, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and other bioactivities. Some chemical constituents in Cynomorium plants are unstable, implying that the chemical components of the herbal medicines produced under different conditions may be variable. This review covers the literature published until December, 2011 and describes the pharmacologic effects and secondary metabolites of Cynomorium species.
Animals ; Cynomorium ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Humans