Objective To study the production of ?-lactamase in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to guide the proper use of antibiotics in clinical practice. Methods The modified three-dimensional extract test was employed to detect ?-lactamase in 30 multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains screened from antimicrobial susceptibility test in our hospital,and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis was performed on the enzyme-producing strains. Results No metalloenzyme was detected in all the 30 strains.Twenty-six strains produced ?-lactamase,among which 25 continuously yielded large amount of AmpC enzyme and the other one both AmpC enzyme and extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs).86.7% of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced enzyme. ConclusionThe majority of the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in our hospital yielded large amount of AmpC enzyme in a continuous way.The modified three-dimensional extract test can eliminate some interference such as the decrease of outer membrane permeability and overexpression of efflux pump,facilitating the effective and accurate detection of ESBLs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Frontal Bone ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; pathology ; Humans ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen on the proliferation and metastasis of Lewis lung cancer, and study its anti-tumor mechanism.

METHODIn vitro, MTT assay and scratch assay were adopted to detect the effect of alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen on the proliferation and metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells. The cell autophagy was detected by the acridine orange staining. The gap-junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was investigated by the fluorescent yellow transfer. The expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) was analyzed by the Western blotting. In vivo, the subcutaneous implant model and the experimental pulmonary metastasis model of Lewis lung cancer in mice were established to evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of alcohol extract from Pharbitidis Semen. The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG) of mice bearing Lewis lung cancer were detected by the electrochemiluminesence immunoassay. The expressions of lung AQP1 and Connexin 43 (Cx43) were examined by the immunohistochemical method.

RESULTIn vitro, alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen inhibited the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent matter, significantly prevented the cell migration, down-regulated AQP1 proteins of cells, promoted GJIC, and decreased the serum-free autophagy of tumor cells. In vivo, compared with untreated model mice, alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen inhibited the tumor growth in a dose-dependent matter, prevented the tumor metastasis and prolonged the life span of mice bearing Lewis lung cancer, while decreasing serum CEA and beta2-MG of mice bearing Lewis lung cancer, enhancing the immumohistochemical staining intensity of Cx43 and weakening aquaporins AQP1 positive intensity.

CONCLUSIONAlcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen could prevent the proliferation and metastasis in Lewis lung cancer cells. Its mechanism may be related to the promotion of GJIC and the down-regulation of AQP1.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Aquaporin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Connexin 43 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Ipomoea ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Seeds ; chemistry

In order to explore the scientific connotation of "Fangzhengduiying (formula corresponding to pattern types)", "Qiyinliangxuzheng (Qi and Yin deficiency pattern)" of myocardial ischemia rat model and GC-TOF/MS based metabonomic method were used for comparing the effects of Sheng-mai injection, Salvia injection and propranolol in the present study. After data processing and pattern recognition, Sheng-mai injection showed better efficacy than the other two drugs in accordance with not only visual observation from PLS-DA scores plots but also the number of abnormal endogenous compounds restored to the normal level. Further studies showed that Sheng-mai injection could normalize the level of plasma endothelin-1, the index related to cardiovascular diseases and sleep disorders, which verified the results of metabonomics. Finally, the regulated metabolites and related metabolic pathways were analyzed, and it was supposed that the effects of Sheng-mai injection involved in the alternation of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism, and so on. These findings provided scientific evidence to Shengmai "Fang" used for "Qi and Yin deficiency pattern" correspondingly, indicating that metabonomics has great potential in traditional Chinese medical research, which provides a novel approach and way to modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To identify the immune characteristics elicited by immunogen prepared in two different ways against a 36AA-peptide. Methods：Rabbits were immunized by a 36-AA-hapten coupled with carrier proteins or recombinant fusion protein separately. The kinetics and specificities of antibody responses were compared. Results：After about 3 months of primary immunity, the antisera elicited by two kinds of immunogen reached the peak titer. The highest titer elicited by the immunogen prepared with coupled-hapten method reached 1∶12 000, while the highest titer elicited by the immunogen prepared with gene engineering method was 1∶6 000. But the immune response produced by the recombinant fusion protein was more long-lasting. Conclusion：Both kinds of immunogen can successfully elicit 36-AA specific antibody response in rabbits, which have different immune characteristics. To couple the hapten with vector proteins is a quicker and more effective way to prepare the immunogen.

Objective To systematically assess the relation between angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) variation and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) onset risk among Chinese population.Methods The related literatures were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data until June 1st,2016.The RevMan 5.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis.The merge OR value and corresponding 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were used to assess ACE gene I/D polymorphism and T2DN onset risk.Results Totally 29 papers with 4 357 subjects were included according to the inclusion and exclusion standard,including 2 208 cases of DN and 2 149 cases of T2DM without DN.Meta analysis showed that compared with ACE gene I/D polymorphism I allele,D allele could significantly increase the risk of T2DM patients suffering from DN,the OR value and corresponding 95%CI were 1.44(1.25,1.66);the gene analysis showed that ACE gene I/D polymorphism loci were significantly correlated with DN onset risk in the Asian population.The corresponding relative onset risk OR and 95%CI were 1.42(1.15,1.76) and 1.75(1.46,2.10) in the dominant and recessive genetic model.The Begg′s test showed that the included data had no obvious publication bias existence.Conclusion ACE gene I/D polymorphism is closely correlated with the onset risk of T2DN,and D allele might be a risk genetic factor for DN occurrence in the patients with T2DM.

Objective To study the clinical significance of pulmonary membrane diffusing capacity(Dm) and pulmonary capillary blood volume(Vc) in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods Spirometry was performed in 38 patients with stable COPD and 35 healthy individuals in resting condition.The changes of pulmonary parameters were obtained and compared between groups. Results Spirometry test revealed that the percent predicted forced expired volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/forced volume capacity(FVC)and the percent predicted maximal ventilatory volume(MVV) were declined from stage Ⅰin patients with COPD in comparison with healthy individuals,while diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of lung(DLCO),carbon monoxide diffusing capacity per liter of alveolar(DLCO/VA),Dm and Vc were declined from stage Ⅱ.Dm in patients with COPD of stageⅠwas sig-nificantly decreased compared with the controls,while Vc was increased compared with the controls(both P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on the expression of ERK, JNK, and P38 in daunorubicin (DNR)-resistant K562 cells and its mechanism. MTT method was used to determine the drug-resistant K562 cells and the cellular toxicity of bortezomib; Western blot was used to detect the expression of protein ERK, JNK and P38 in K562 cells after treatment with 100 nmol/L DNR alone or combined with 1 nmol/L and 10 nmol/L bortezomib for 36 hours. Flow cytometry assay was used to detect the apoptosis rate in each group cells. The results indicated that the expression of ERK and P38 were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) and the expression of JNK was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) in the cells treated by DNR combined with bortezomib. It is concluded that bortezomib can decrease the expressions of protein ERK and P38 and enhance the expression of JNK, the bortezomib reverses the cellular drug-resistance and promote cell apoptosis through MAPK pathway.
Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Protease Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the repolarization process in isolated guinea-pig atrial cells and to determine the contribution of K(+) channels to the CGRP-induced changes in action potential using conventional microelectrode method at the physiological temperature. We found that: (1) CGRP (16 nmol/L) antagonized the influences of potassium channel blockers, 4-AP and BaCl2, on action potential; (2) CGRP (16 nmol/L) increased the amplitude and maximum depolarizing velocity of slow action potential and shortened the conducting time in guinea pig atrial myocardium at extracellular K(+) concentration of 18.5 mmol/L; (3) CGRP (16 nmol/L) alleviated triggered activity induced by superfusion with solution containing CsCl and no potassium ion; and (4) the effects of CGRP on the configuration of action potential were temperature-dependent. At the temperature of 36.5+/-0.5 degrees C, CGRP (5, 16, and 50 nmol/L) increased the amplitude of the action potential and shortened APD(20), APD(50) and APD(90). The CGRP effects on APD(20) and APD(50) were dose-dependent and reversible. On the contrary, CGRP prolonged APD(20), APD(50) and APD(90) at the temperature of 25.5+/-2.1 degrees C. The present study suggests that CGRP possesses multiple effects on various ionic channels. Among them the effects on potassium currents are major determinants in the changes in action potential induced by CGRP under physiological temperature. It is necessary to further study the influences of CGRP on different types of potassium channels.
Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Body Temperature ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Atria ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Potassium Channels ; physiology

Background and purpose:Huachansu has been widely used to treat cancer in China.But maximum tolerated dose(MTD) of huachansu is still not well defined.The purpose of this study was to conduct a Phase Ⅰ study to determine the MTD of huachansu in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,non-small cell lung or pancreatic cancer.Toxic profile and efficacy of huachansu were also assessed qualitatively.Methods:Huachansu was intravenously administered to patients with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ hepatocellular carcinoma,non-small cell lung cancer,or pancreatic cancer.Each cycle consisted of daily huachansu for 14 days with an interval of 7 days between two cycles.2 or more cycles were delivered to the patients if no severe adverse event occurred.The planned dose escalation schedule for huachansu was as follows,10,20,40,60,90 and 120 ml/(m2?d).Results:Fifteen patients(3 at each level) have been recruited to the study(11 with hepatocellular carcinoma,2 with pancreatic cancer,and 2 with lung cancer).There were no dose limiting toxicities found after dose level 5.Among all these patients,the efficacy in 14 patients could be valued,in which,6 were SD(42.9%),8 were PD(57.1%).At dose level 1,there was one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma achieving a 20% reduction in tumor mass that lasted 11 months,6 of 15(42.9%) patients with stable disease and 8 of 15(57.1%) with progress disease after the treatment.Conclusions:To date,dose limiting toxicity has not been seen with doses up to eight times higher than that typically used before.Of interest, several patients had prolonged stable disease or minor tumor shrinkage.