Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of primary closure of non-dilaed common bile ducts (CBD) after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 120 patients who underwent primary closure of CBD after laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from April 1, 2014 to November 30, 2019. There were 44 males and 76 females, aged 22.0 to 88.0 years, (average age of 57.2 years). These patients were divided into the dilated CBD group (diameter of CBD >8 mm) and the normal CBD group (diameter of CBD ≤8 mm). The following factors, including operating time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospitalization stay, abdominal drainage tube indwelling time and postoperative complications were compared.Results:The dilated CBD group consisted of 76 patients, with 25 males and 51 females, and a median age of 62.5 years. The normal CBD group consisted of 44 patients, with 19 males and 25 females, and a median age of 57.5 years. There were no significant differences in gender, age, albumin level, total bilirubin and other baseline data between groups ( P>0.05). The operation times of the two groups were: the normal CBD group [106.6(87.3, 146.3] min vs the dilated CBD group [112.0(90.5, 134.5)] min; intraoperative blood loss [the normal CBD group 20(10, 30)ml vs dilated CBD group 20(10, 20)ml]; postoperative hospital stay [the normal CBD group 7.0 (5.3, 9.0) d vs the dilated CBD group 7.0 (5.0, 7.0) d]; and postoperative abdominal drainage tube removal time [the normal CBD group 6 (4, 7) d vs the dilated CBD group 5 (4, 6)d]. The differences were all not significant ( P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the incidences of postoperative complications (including bile leakage, biliary stricture, and stone recurrence between groups, all P>0.05). Conclusion:In patients with a normal diameter (≤8 mm) common bile duct, it was safe and efficacious to perform primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

Objective: To explore the role of angiotensin receptor type I (AT1)-calcineurin (CaN) signaling pathway in transient outward potassium ion channel (Ito) remolding in hypertrophic atrial myocytes of neonatal rats. Methods: 1 day old neonatal rats’ atrial myocytes were isolated and the cells were divided into 4 groups:①Control group, normal cells were cultured for 24 h,②Stretching group, the cells were cultured for 24 h with mechanical stretching to induce hypertrophy,③Telmisartan group, the cells were treated by telmisartan at 1 μmol/L for 1 h, then cultured for 24 h and ④Cyclosporin-A (CsA) group, the cells were treated by CsA at 0.25 μg/ml for 1 h, then cultured for 24 h. The ratios of protein/DNA in myocytes were compared between Control group and Stretching group, cell hypertrophy was deifned by mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Ito changes were detected by whole-cell patch clamping technique, proteins expressions of Kv4.3 and CaN A subunit were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, Stretching group showed obviously decreased Ito density and Kv4.3 protein expression, while increased CaN A protein expression; Compared with Stretching group, the above effects were reduced in Telmisartan group and CsA group. Conclusion: AT1-CaN signaling pathway was involved in the regulation of Ito channel remodeling in hypertrophic atrial myocytes of neonatal rats.

AIM:To investigate the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-calcineurin (CaN) signa-ling pathway on the expression of sodium current channel Nav 1.5 at mRNA and protein levels in the hypertrophic ventricu-lar myocytes from neonatal rats .METHODS:The ventricular myocytes were isolated from the ventricles of 1-day-old neo-natal Sprague-Dawley rats and were divided into 4 groups according to different drug intervention as control group , pheny-lephrine (PE) group, losartan (Los)+PE group and cyclosporin A (CsA)+PE group.The method of RNA interference mediated by adenovirus carrying short hairpin RNA ( shRNA) was used to knock down the gene which encodes the beta subtype of CaN A subunit (CnAβ) and the cells were divided into 4 groups as Ad-Null group, Ad-Null+PE group, Ad-CnAβshRNA1 group and Ad-CnAβshRNA1+PE group.The mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) ,β-my-osin heavy chain (β-MHC) and Nav1.5 was detected by RT-qPCR.The protein levels of CnAβand Nav1.5 in the whole-cell extracts were determined by Western blot analysis .RESULTS:Treatment of the neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with PE for 24 h increased the protein-to-DNA ratio and the mRNA expression of BNP and β-MHC.The size of the cell surface was also increased after PE treatment .Treatment of the cells with PE increased the protein expression of CnAβ, and re-duced the protein expression of Nav 1.5.Both Los and CsA prevented those effects of PE .The mRNA expression of Nav1.5 was reduced by PE , and no significant difference of Nav 1.5 mRNA expression among PE group , Los+PE group and CsA+PE group was observed .Silencing of CnAβin the neonatal rat ventricular myocytes using Ad-CnAβshRNA1 inhibited the ability of PE to increase the mRNA expression of BNP , and diminished the ability of PE to reduce the protein expression of Nav1.5.CONCLUSION:AT1 R-CaN signaling pathway participates in regulating protein expression of Nav 1.5 in the hy-pertrophic ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats .

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of double-channel flexible ureteroscopy and electronic flexible ureteroscopy.Methods From April 2007 to 2016 July, clinical data of 836 cases flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were collected. All the patients were randomly divided into electronic lfexible ureteroscopy group (n = 427) and double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy group (n = 409), the operation time, success rate of surgery, complications, residual stone rate of the two groups were compared.Results The success rate of surgery was 92.5% and 83.6% of the two groups respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); postoperative systemic inlfammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were occurred in 10 cases and 13 cases respectively, which were cured and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the average operation time was (81.1 ± 7.9) min and (95.3 ± 7.6) min respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); The formation of stone street of electronic lfexible ureteroscopy group and double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy group were 17 cases and 25 cases. The residual stone rate of electronic flexible ureteroscopy group and double-channel flexible ureteroscopy group were 6 cases and 8 cases, of them were cleared after extracorporeal shockwave lithotrips (ESWL). There were no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Both double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy and electronic lfexible ureteroscopy are effective and safe therapeutic modalities. Electronic flexible ureteroscopy is better than double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy in success rate of surgery because of its high deifnition and lfexible operation.

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-10 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and association with its development and metastasis. Methods Thyroid samples from 37 patients in a period from January 2006 to December 2007, with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed for caspase-10 by immunohistocbemistry(streptavidin-perosidase, S-P), compared to control group of 46 cases with nodtdar goiter. The relationship between the expression of caspase-10 and the clinical pathologic characteristics of thyroid carcinoma were also explored simultaneously. Results caspase-10 were observed as brown or yellow particles located in the cytoplasm or cell membrane of nodular goiter but there were no significant evidence for its positive expression in thyroid carcinoma, caspase-10 expression was markedly down-regulated in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(29.73%,11/37) compared with benign nodules(71.74%,33/46, χ2=14.528, P<0.01). The positive expression in 18 cases with lymph node metastasis(11.11%,2/18) was significantly lower than those in 19 patients without lymph node metastasis(47.37%,9/19; χ2=4.210, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation(P> 0.05) between the expression of caspase-10 and the clinical pathologic characteristics including male, age, TNM stage and pathologic type. Conclusion Down-regulation of caspase-10 may play a critical role in carcinogenesis and development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms involved in the ligustrazine alleviation of the pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with chronic cor pulmonale (CCP) during exacerbation.

METHODSSeventy patients of COPD and CCP with acute exacerbation were randomly and equally divided into control group and treatment group. The control group received standard treatment with antibiotics, antiasthmatic and expectorant medications, and oxygenation; and the ligustrazine treatment group received ligustrazine treatment (80 mg/d; i.v.; for 2 weeks) in addition to the standard treatment. Before and at the end of 2 week treatment, the clinic responses of the two regimens were evaluated, plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined; arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), outflow tract of right ventricle (RVOT), and internal diameter of right ventricle (RV) were measured.

RESULTSGood clinic benefits were achieved in both the standard and ligustrazine regimens, plasma level of ET-1, values of mPAP, RV and RVOT decreased significantly, plasma level of NO and PaO2 values decreased (all P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment to all parameters). Compared with the control group, ligustrazine greatly enhanced the clinic efficacy from 77.1% to 97.1% (P < 0.05), and also resulted in more significant changes of all these parameters (P < 0.01 vs control group for all parameters). For both groups, the levels of plasma ET-1 were positively correlated with values of mPAP, RVOT, and RV (r = 0.710, 0.853, and 0.766, respectively, all P = 0.000), and negatively correlated with plasma NO and PaO2 (r = - 0.823, and - 0.752, respectively, all P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONLigustrazine is effective in treating pulmonary artery hypertension during acute exacerbation of COPD and CCP in patients from the plateau area. The observed changes in the plasma levels of NO and ET-1 in response to ligustrazine treatment suggest that ligustrazine may act through the selective effect on pulmonary blood vessels to enhance the synthesis and release of NO and suppress those of ET-1 from lung vascular endothelial cells, thus reducing pulmonary artery pressure and decreasing pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Altitude ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Chronic Disease ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Respiration

Objective To observe the effect of rosuvastatin calcium on lipid,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),nitric oxide (NO),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 in hyperlipidemia patients.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven hyperlipidemia patients were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in the study group included 72 patients which were given rosuvastatin calcium 10 mg and enteric-coated aspirin 100 mg,orally,once a day for 8 weeks.The control group included 55 patients which were only given enteric-coated aspirin 100 mg,orally,once a day for 8 weeks.The change of lipid,VEGF,NO,TNF-α and IL-1 was observed before and after treatment.Results Before treatment,the level of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),VEGF,NO,TNF-α and IL-1 in two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the level of TC,TG,LDL-C,TNF-α and IL-1 in study group were significantly lower than those in control group [(4.410 ± 0.688) mmol/L vs.(6.491 ± 0.744) mmol/L,(1.762 ± 0.834) mmol/L vs.(2.632 ± 0.792) mmol/L,(2.256 ± 0.347) mmol/L vs.(4.544 ± 0.493) mmol/L,(41.14 ± 5.41) ng/L vs.(71.34 ± 6.76) ng/L,(0.22 ± 0.18) μ g/L vs.(0.42 ± 0.23) μ g/L] (P ＜ 0.05).The level of HDL-C,VEGF and NO in study group were significantly higer than those in control group [(1.807 ± 0.730) mmol/L vs.(1.432 ± 0.514) mmol/L,(564.86 ± 120.02) ng/L vs.(451.23 ± 100.72) ng/L,(42.39 ± 6.71) μ mol/L vs.(33.65 ± 6.24) μ mol/L](P＜ 0.05).No adverse reaction occurred in two groups.Conclusions Rosuvastatin calcium can obviously decrease the level of lipid,elevate the expression of VEGF and NO,and reduce the expression of TNF-α and IL-1.Rosuvastatin calcium can improve vascular endothelial function obviously in hyperlipidemia patients.

Postweaning multisystemie wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The capsid protein (Cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a PCV2 infection. In the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TcELISA)based on a truncated soluble Cap protein produced in Escherichia coli (E.coli) was established and validated for the diagnostic PCV2 antibodies in swine. The TcELISA was validated by comparison with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). The diagnostic sensitivity (DSN), specificity (DSP), and accuracy of the TcELISA were 88.6%, 90.7% and 89.4%, respectively. The agreement rate was 89.38% between results obtained with TcELISA and IIFA on 113 field sera. A cross-reactivity assay showed that the method was PCV2-specific by comparison with other sera of viral disease. Therefore ,the TcELISA will be helpful for the development of a reliable serology diagnostic test for large scale detection of PCV2 antibodies and for the evaluation of vaccine against PCV2 in swine.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides(TFH)-PVP K30 solid dispersion,and to char-acterize and study its in vitro dissolution. METHODS:Solvent method was used to prepare TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion with dif-ferent drug-loading ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:5;single factor test was designed to screen drug-loading ratio using dissolution parameter Td as index;orthogonal test was designed to optimize ultrasonic time,temperature of water bath and drying time for prep-aration technology using in vitro dissolution rate as index,and then validated. SEM,DSC and FT-IR were used to characterize sol-id dispersion. RESULTS:Td of TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion was the lowest when drug-loading ratio was 1:3. Optimal technolo-gy was ultrasonic time 10 min,temperature of water bath 60 ℃ and drying time 12 h. 90 min accumulative dissolution rate of pre-pared TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion was 90.22% in average(RSD=1.74%,n=3). The results of SEM,DSC and FT-IR showed that the drug as amorphous form dispersed in the PVP K30,the formation of hydrogen bond of the both. CONCLUSIONS:TFH-PVP K30 solid dispersion is prepared successfully,and in vitro dissolution rate of it is improved significantly.