Pulmonary valve stenosis is a common congenital heart disease,and its early diagnosis and treatment can improve growth and prognosis in children with pulmonary valve stenosis.With the development of the diagnostics and treatment,percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty has replaced surgery as the first choice for isolated pulmonary valve stenosis.This paper reviews the recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis.

Objective To analyze the IgG variances between workmen and workwomen in x-ray room,and to provide reference for the assessment of staff in the department of radiology.Methods The staff in the department of radiology who recieved health examination from Janurary 2012 to Janurary 2016 were divided into the male group and the female group.The health examination data of 75 staff in each group were slected and the basic immunization level of the two groups were tested.And then compared the the IgG variances between the two groups.The analysis were conducted by two means of grouping,namely the working age of staff (less than 10 years,between 10 and 20 years, and over 20 years)and the age of staff (aged 21 to 30,aged 31 to 50,aged 51 to 78).Results The level of IgG in the female group were higher than that in the male group when their working age were less than 10 years,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).Both in the male group and the female group,the level of IgG in staff aged 31 to 50 were lower than the others,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The level of IgG in female staff were higher than that in the male staff in different age stages,and it increased with the increase of working age.To analyze the IgG variances of staff the in x-ray room could provide reference for assessment of physiclal status.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and economical effects of foscarnet and a - interferon in treating chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:90 cases were randomly divided into two groups.Group A,foscarnet in a dose of 2.4g,i. v. ,b.i .d . for 1 month . Group B, a - interferon in a dose of 3 million units, im, q . d . for 3 months . The clinical effects were observed and evaluated with pharmacoeconomic cost - effectiveness analysis .RESL LTS In improving symptoms and liver function, two therapeutic regimes presented similar effect.But lower expenses were costed in unit effect of decreasing ALT in group B.In clearance of virus index, group A showed better effects and costed lower expenses in unit effect of HBeAg negative conversion. CONCLUSION: Both foscarnet and a-interferon presented fairly good therapeutic effect for chronic hepatitis B.In improving liver functions, two preparations showed similar clinical effect but a - interferon presented better economical effect. In antiviral efficacy,foscarnet showed better clinical and economical effects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the economic effects of three chemotherapy schemes in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).METHODS:114 cases of advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into 3 groups, group MVP, group NP and group TP. The cost effectiveness of the 3 groups were compared using pharmaceutical economics. RESULTS: 3 schemes costed 1 875.2 yuan,5 565.2 yuan and 8 369.6 yuan respectively; The effective rates were 33.2%,34.1% and 40.5% respectively. On the basis of scheme MVP, scheme NP and TP increased cost of 4 100 yuan and 889.64 yuan respectively for 1% increase in effective rate. CONCLUSION: Scheme TP is the preferred choice.

Objective To evaluate the safety and local control rate and short term survival status of the treatment for primary liver cancer by microwave ablation.Methods From January 2006 to January 2014,a total of 209 lesions in which the average diameter was 3.92 cm in 187 patients was performed the microwave ablation therapy.There were 12 lessions adjacent to lung,diaphragm,abdominal wall,stomach,colon and gallbladder area. Enhanced CT examination was performed one month after ablation and the imaging data,liver function,AFP level and quality of life were followed up every three month to evaluate the effectiveness.Results 88.99 percent of le-sions achieved complete elimination after an average 1.35 times ablation.The completed elimination ratio for small lesions less than 3 cm was up to 100%.Local tumor progression occurred in 23 lesions.Seventheen patients had mild complications.The slight complication rate was about 5.82%.Death and other serious complications did not occur in this study.Conclusion Microwave ablation is safe and feasible for the lesions of liver cancer with live cancer less than 5 cm,which is located in the special dangerous area of liver cancer.Microwave ablation can significantly prolong the survival time of patients,especially for small HCC patients with <3cm.

Objective To study the influence of pre-hospital emergency professional technology for nerve function,disability rate and mortality in the critically injured patients.Methods One hundred critically injured patients were selected as pre-hospital group,100 critically injured patients who immediately went to hospital emergency department were selected as hospital group.The Glasgow coma score,shock index,trauma index,mortality were compared between the 2 groups.Resuts There was no statistical difference in Glasgow coma score at 12 h after treatment between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05),Glasgow coma score at 24 h after treatment in pre-hospital group was significantly higher than that in hospital group [(13.9 ± 3.6) scores vs.(11.9 ± 4.8) scores],there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The trauma index at 12,24 h after treatment in pre-hospital group were significantly lower than those in hospital group (12.1 ± 5.1 vs.14.6 ± 4.8,11.9 ± 4.6 vs.14.3 ± 3.8),there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in shock index at 12 and 24 h after treatment and mortality (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Pre-hospital emergency professional technology has important the role for the treatment of critically injured patients.

To improve standardization and consensus regarding interpreting,and reporting CT and MRI scans of the liver in patients with high-risk HCC,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) was launched in 2011 and subsequently modified in 2013 and 2014,respectively.Major diagnostic imaging features for HCC are hyper-enhancement in the arterial phase,rapid dissection in the portal vein phase and balance phase,capsule presence and appearance,interval threshold tumor growth and tumor diameter.LI-RADS categorizes nodules recognized at CT or MRI as LR-1 (definitively benign),LI-RADS is a system of standardized criteria for interpreting liver CT and MR images of patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in higher interobserver reliability and faster categorization while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.LR-2 (probably benign),LR-3 (intermediate probability of being HCC),LR-4 (probably HCC) and LR-5 (definitively HCC).According to diagnostic classification,different options for treatment recommendations are adopted by surgeons including continue standard surveillance,regular follow-up,alternative imaging method,multidisciplinary discussion,liver resection or transplantation.LI-RADS is a system of standardized criteria for interpreting liver CT and MR images of patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in higher interobserver reliability and faster categorization while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To investigate the current status of cognitive level of patient safety culture in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Totally 373 ICU nurses were investigated with the general information questionnaire,the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument (HSOPSC),the Report Barriers Questionnaire and the Condition of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ-Ⅱ).Results The mean rate of positive response on safety culture dimensions was 68.08％ in ICU nurses,Organizational learning-continuous improvement was the safety culture dimension with the highest positive response(89.95％),the lowest positive response was staffing(35.53％).Multiple regression analysis showed that the meaning of report,punitive culture,resources,opportunity,formal empowerment and ICU department were influencing factors of patient safety culture (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The level of patient safety culture in ICU nurses was medium,it remains a further improvement.Nursing managers should take targeted measures according to the influencing factors to enhance the cognitive level of patient safety culture in ICU nurses,strengthen the consciousness of safety culture,and improve the quality of intensive care.

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) for treating carotid artery stenosis is a recent developed technique which is less invasive and complications. This paper reviewed the progress, procedure, and complications of carotid artery stenting.

Being the kernel of functional gene group,the field of protein group becomes the focal point of life science research in 21th century.SELDI,which is based on the combination of chip technology and mass spectrum technology,has become the main method for filtrating tumor marker in clinical research.This paper introduces the basic principle of SELDI system and summarizes the application of SELDI to tumor marker detection in galactophore cancer.