There is still evident gap between the humanity education of medical college in China and the foreign country's.We can find the heart of the matter and explore ways of solving the problem,by comparing the present condition of the humanity education of medical college in China and the foreign country's.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of refractive errors in middle school students in Lanzhou city and explore the risk factors for myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A questionnaire assessed the students' socioeconomic background and visual tasks followed by visual acuity assessment and a full eye examination including slit lamp examination, fundus evaluation, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction.RESULTS: Among 2 256 enumerated students aged 15-19 years, 2 037 (90.3%) students had significant refractive errors. Myopia was the leading refractive error (1 951/2 256,86.5%), astigmatism was the second most common refractive error (921/2 256, 40.8%), but amblyopia (10/2 256, 0.4%),strabismus (5/2 256, 0.2%), hyperopia (4/2 256, 0.2%) and other treatable eye disorders were uncommon. Almost 95.3% of students with significant refractive errors wore spectacles before the survey. Age, sex, visual tasks, and a parental history of myopia were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of refractive errors and the risk factors for myopia in schoolchildren in Lanzhou city are similar to those reported in other regions of China.Interventions of myopia progression should be performed to protect the visual acuity of school-aged students.

AIM: To observe the efficacy of Medpor porous polyethylene implants in treatment of enophthalmos combined with orbital fracture.
METHODS: Seventeen cases ( 17 eyes ) with enophthalmos caused by orbital fracture underwent surgical treatment with Medpor porous polyethylene implants. All accepted a 6-mo follow-up and the data of enophthalmos, eyeball movement and diplopia were collected.
RESULTS: The average difference of exophthalmos between damaged eyes and undamaged eyes was (3. 4±1. 5 ) mm preoperatively, two cases had residual 1mm enophthalmos 6mo after surgery, while other 15 cases were completely corrected. Seventeen cases suffered from eyeball movement restriction and diplopia preoperatively, 16 cases had normal eyeball movement without diplopia 6mo after surgery, 1 case with limitation of abduction and horizontal diplopia. There was no extrusion, rejection, infection or other complications occurred during follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Medpor porous polyethylene implants can effectively improve the orbit volume to repair enophthalmos caused by orbital fracture.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and stability by comparing acuity and diopter of small incision lenticule extraction ( SMILE) , femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis ( FS-LASIK ) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) in treating myopia with a follow-up of 6mo.
METHODS: A retrospective study, 42 cases ( 84 eyes ) received SMILE, 37 cases ( 74 eyes ) received FS-LASIK and 31cases (62 eyes) undergone LASIK in our hospital during Apr. 2014 to Jun. 2014 were involved. The follow-up data of 6mo was analyzed. The preoperative spherical equivalent was -5. 91±1. 83D, -5. 89±1. 96D, -5. 88±1. 68D in SMILE, FS-LASIK and LASIK group, respectively. The differences of preoperative best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , pupil diameter ( PD ) and central corneal thickness ( CCT ) had no statistically significant between three groups. The postoperative uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA) , BCVA and diopter were comparative analyzed at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6m after surgery.
RESULTS:1) No patients lost to follow-up of 1wk and 1mo. A total of 10 eyes (5 cases), 10 eyes (5 cases) and 8 eyes (4 cases) lost to follow-up of 3m in SMILE、FS-LASIK and LASIK group, respectively, and raised to 18 eyes (9 cases), 12 eyes (6 cases) and 14 eyes (7 cases) in follow-up of 6m. 2) At 1wk follow-up, the differences of UCVA between SMILE group, FS- LASIK group vs LASIK group was statistically significant respectively ( t=4. 098, P=0. 000;t=2. 493, P=0. 004). 3) In LASIK group, the differences of UCVA between 1wk vs 3, 6m follow-up was statistically significant respectively (t=3. 410, P=0. 001;t=3. 771, P=0. 000), the differences of UCVA between 1m and 6m follow-up was statistically significant (t=2. 283, P=0. 026). 4) The differences of diopter were not statistically significant among three groups at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo follow-up respectively (χ2=0. 119, P=0. 942;χ2=1. 504, P=0. 471;χ2=0. 949, P=0. 622; χ2=0. 277, P=0. 871). 5) the differences of eyes with UCVA≥5. 0 was statistically significant between SMILE group vs FS-LASIK group, LASIK group at 1wk follow-up (χ2=9. 249, P=0. 002<0. 05/3;χ2=12. 906, P=0. 000<0. 05/3), there was no significant statistical difference between FS-LASIK group and LASIK group (χ2=0. 500, P=0. 604). 6) there was no significant statistical difference of eyes with SE (±0. 50D) at any time post operation among three groups (χ2=0. 809, P=0. 697;χ2=1. 176, P=0. 634;χ2=0. 871, P=0. 736;χ2=0. 683, P=0. 770).CONCLUSION: All of SMILE, FS-LASIK and LASIK are effective and stable on treating myopia according to follow-up of 6mo. However, in this study, SMILE group shows more effective than FS-LASIK and LASIK at 1wk, which could enhance postoperative UCVA more rapidly.

Objective: To study the dynamic processes of in vivo metabolism of multicomponent in the decoction of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), select the quality control components, look for a new quality evaluation method for Chinese materia medica (CMM). Methods: The blood was taken from mesenteric vein and abdominal aorta. By analyzing HPLC fingerprints of intestinal metabolism and liver metabolism, we could infer multicomponent changes in the metabolic process of water extract from ASR. Results: Totally 15 components were basically stable in the digestive juice, four of them may be metabolized by intestine, while seven of them were metabolized by liver. And we found one new component was the metabolite of liver, seven new components were the metabolites of intestine, but five of them were metabolized by liver and could not be absorbed into blood. Finally, we identified that four prototype components of water extract from ASR and three metabolites could be absorbed into blood. Conclusion: Based on the multicomponent metabolic profiling of ASR, we initially select the four prototype components including senkyunolide I as the quality control component, and we finally establish a quality evaluation method for "correlation in quality and metabolism".

This study is to investigate the binding capability of lidamycin apoprotein (LDP), an enediyne-associated apoprotein of the chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic family, to human breast cancer and normal tissues, the correlation of LDP binding capability to human breast cancer tissues and the expression of tumor therapeutic targets such as VEGF and HER2. In this study, the binding capability of LDP to human breast cancer tissues was detected with tissue microarray. The correlation study of LDP binding capability to human breast tumor tissues and relevant therapeutic targets was performed on breast cancer tissue microarrays. Immunocytochemical examination was used to detect the binding capability of LDP to human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. As a result, tissue microarray showed that LDP staining of 73.2% (30/41) of breast cancer tissues was positive, whereas that of 48.3% (15/31) of the adjacent normal breast specimens was positive. The difference between the tumor and normal samples was significant (Chi2 = 4.63, P < 0.05). LDP immunoreactivity in breast cancer correlated significantly with the overexpression of VEGF and HER2 (P < 0.001 and < 0.01, r = 0.389 and 0.287, respectively). Determined with confocal immunofluorescent analysis, LDP showed the binding capability to mammary carcinoma MCF-7 cells. It is demonstrated that LDP can bind to human breast cancer tissues and there is significant difference between the breast cancer tissues and the corresponding normal tissues. Notably, the binding reactivity shows positive correlation with the expression of VEGF and HER2 in breast carcinoma tissues. The results imply that LDP may have a potential use as targeting drug carrier in the research and development of new anticancer therapeutics. This study may provide reference for drug combination of LDM and other therapeutic agents.

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate(TPM) as add - on drug treating infants with severe epilepsy. Methods We performed prospective label add - on study in 12 infants (aged 4 to 19 months) with sever seizures of different types. TPM was add - on one or more other baseline drugs and the efficacy was evaluated according to seizure type and frequency Results TPM initiated in a daily dose of 0.5 - 1 0 mg/kg, followed by a 1 - 2 weeks titration on the increase of 0 5 - 1.0 mg/kg up to a maximum daily dose of 4 - 10 mg/kg. After a mean period of 6 2 months (range 3- 13 montks), Total efficacy was 75 % and 50 % were controlled completely. Seizure frequency was unchanged in 3 patients (25 % ). As for seizure type, TPM was more effective in complex partial as compared with generalized tonic-conic seizures. Mild adverse events were present in 3 patients (25 %), represented hypersonia, fever and decreased speech. Conclusions TPM may be a available drug in infants with severe epilepsy. It is safe, with mild adverse effect in fewer patients.JAppl Clin Pediatr,2004,19(11):986-987

AIM:To explore relationship between the normal strehl ratio ( SR ) values of total aberrations/SR values of total higher-order aberrations and modulation transfer function ( MTF ) at total corneal at different pupil diameters in normal population.
METHODS: To exam the SR values of total aberrations and SR values of total higher-order aberrations of total corneals in 200 people ( 400 eyes ) using SIRIUS 3D topography system and analysis the corresponding root-mean-square ( RMS) .
RESULTS: The subjects with different pupil diameters (3. 0, 5. 0, 6. 0, 7. 0mm)'s exam results of total corneal were as following:SR value of total aberrations 100’(0. 45±0. 12), (0. 25±0. 06), (0. 17±0. 05), (0. 13±0. 04); SR value of total higher order ab cerrations 100’(0. 69±0. 14), (0. 34±0. 07), (0. 24±0. 05), (0. 16±0. 04);SR value of total aberrations 200’(0. 45±0. 12), (0. 24±0. 06), (0. 20±0. 04), (0. 16±0. 03); SR value of total higher order aberrations 200’(0.70±0. 13), (0. 35±0. 07), (0. 27±0. 06), (0. 20±0.04 ) . The SR values of each group decreases with the increases of pupil diameters. The SR values of total aberrations and SR values of total higher - order aberrations at total corneals are negatively correlated with corresponding RMS value. When the pupil diameter is small, the SR value of total aberrations is more related to higher frequency region of MTF. When the pupil diameter is big, the SR value of total aberrations is more related to lower frequency region of MTF.
CONCLUSION: The visual performance of normal people can be well reflected by SR values of total aberrations and SR values of total higher - order aberrations at total corneal.

Objective To evaluate the possible molecular pathogenesis of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. The potassium ion channel gene KCNJ4 encodes one of the subfamilies of Kir channels, Kir2.3 subunit, which may play an important role in modulating neuronal excitation. Interference in the function or expression of this gene would cause disturbance of ionic concentrations, thus leading to seizure activity. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot analysis were used to measure the expression alterations of KCNJ4 mRNA as well as its protein product Kir2.3 channel in temporal cortex samples from patients who had undergone temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy (n=12). Tissue from 10 subjects who did not have epilepsy served as controls. Results The expression of KCNJ4 mRNA (0.438?0.178) and its protein Kir2.3 (M 50=0.063) were significantly decreased in epileptic brain compared with the controls (P