Objective To explore the effects of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor(pHGF) on renal function and cell apoptosis in kidney of rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:sham-operated control group(groupⅠ),renal ischemia reperfusion control group(groupⅡ),one experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) before renal IRI(group Ⅲ),and another experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) after renal IRI(group Ⅳ).The animals with renal IRI exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping.All ischemia reperfusion rats in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were intraabdomially injected equal volume of physiological saline(0.8 mL) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 50 mg/kg pHGF.Twelve hours after IRI,samples for serum and the left renal tissue of each animal were taken.The serum sample was used to detect expression of serum creatinine(Scr),and the renal tissue sample for evaluation of apoptosis.Results Compared with the level of Scr in groupⅠ(22.775?6.508) ?mol/L,Scr was markedly higher in groupⅡ(120.850?22.237) ?mol/L(P0.05).Conclusions The laboratory investigation suggests that pHGF might be an effective pharmacological agent against renal IRI according to the findings of the evaluated parameters,and protective effect by pHGF against renal IRI might involved in the mechanisms decreasing tubular cells apoptosis.It is likely that pHGF is a potential therapentic agent in clinical renal IRI circumstances.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between pathogenesis for Yin-deficiency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and immediate prognosis as well as its neuro-endocrine mechanism.

METHODSAccording to the TCM standard of Syndrome Differentiation of Deficiency Syndrome, 194 patients with AMI were classified into the typical Yin-deficiency group (n = 26), the non-typical Yin-deficiency group (n = 61) and the non-Yin-deficiency group (n = 107). Their venous blood samples were collected in the morning while lying on their backs to detect plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), corticoid and myocardial enzymes, as well as their hospitalization days and mortality in hospitalized period were calculated and compared in the three groups, with the 30 healthy persons as control.

RESULTSLevels of serum creatine phosphokinase, creatine phosphokinase isozyme, plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, aldosterone, hospitalization days and mortality were higher in the Yin-deficiency groups than in the non-Yin-deficiency group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). As compared the indexes between the typical and the non-typical Yin-deficiency groups, significant difference only showed in plasma aldosterone and ANP, which was significantly higher in the former (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Plasma corticoid level was insignificantly different between the Yin-deficieny groups.

CONCLUSIONPatients with AMI of Yin-deficiency type was severer in myocardial damage, with longer hospitalization period and higher mortality, it is probably due to the hyper-activated sympathetic-adrenaline system and strengthened activity of aldosterone in them.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis ; etiology

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of iron-deficiency anemia among children aged 0-6 years in plateau area,and to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures for anemia. Methods: A total of 1 512 children aged 0-6 years were randomly selected from 4 counties in plateau area by stratified and cluster sampling. Blood hemoglobin level was tested. Child dietary behaviors were collected from their parents. Results: There were significant differences in the prevalence of children with different age, family location, education level of main dependants, occupation of main dependants and per capita income of family(χ2=12.83,39.48,27.05,44.26,32.45, P<0.05).No significant difference for anemia prevalence in gender and nationality was found. The prevalence of anemia among children aged 0-6 years was 67.0%, and the prevalence was highest among children aged 1 years while decreased with age.Univariate analysis of variance showed that the prevalence anemia was 74.0% in rural children, which was significantly higher than children in urban area 58.6%(χ2=39.48,P<0.05). Low education and income level of caregiver, husbandry in the family, no exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, and picky eaters positively associated with high prevalence of anemia. The prevalence rate of anemia in 0-6 months old infants fed with mixed feeding and artificial feeding (73.1%, 75.0%) was higher than that of breast feeding (48.9%) (χ2=6.78, P<0.05). Picky eating can lead to a high incidence of anemia in children. Conclusion Promoting healthy diets and correcting unhealthy dietary pattern through nutrition education to parents might be effective ways to lower the prevalence of anemia among children in plateau areas.

Objective: To explore whether acupuncture can improve sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment and emotional disorders caused by sleep deprivation, and its association with the attenuation of oxidative stress injury in prefrontal cortex. Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), a model group (n=14), a manual acupuncture (MA) group (n=14), and a sham-MA group (n=14). All the groups were established as sleep deprivation models via the modified multiple platform method, except for the control group. Rats in both the MA group and the sham-MA group received corresponding intervention, respectively. After modeling and intervention, the four groups received three behavioral tests, namely sleep monitoring, by comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS), Morris water maze (MWM) test and open-field test (OFT), followed by oxygen free radical level test and Western blot (WB) detection for the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The MA group derived more sleep time within 24 h than either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05). On MWM orientation navigation test day 1, there were no significant differences in escape latency among the control, MA and sham-MA groups (P>0.05), and the escape latency was significantly shorter in these three groups than that in the model group (all P<0.05). On test day 4, the escape latency was markedly shorter in the MA group than that in either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05); meanwhile, the MA group showed significantly better performance compared with these two groups in space probe test (both P<0.05). In OFT, compared with the control group, there was a significant decline in the horizontal movement score in the other three groups (all P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the model group and the sham-MA group than that in the MA group (both P<0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was markedly higher and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was markedly lower in the MA group than those in the model group and the sham-MA group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group and the sham-MA group, the expression of Bax was significantly lower and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the MA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: MA therapy can lengthen the sleep time in sleep-deprived rats and improve learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex and the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of cellphone usage and addiction among Chinese children and adolescents, to provide reference for effective prevention and intervention of cellphone addiction. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling approach, 11 213 children and adolescents and their parents from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China were recruited and surveyed. Results: The median of daily mobile phone use time among Chinese children and adolescents were 120.00 minutes, as reported by either children or parents. Child s age( β =0.12), hedonic( β =0.11) and social( β =0.09) cellphone use motivations positively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.01). Cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.06) and knowledge( β =-0.03), as well as cellphone usage on instrumental( β =-0.04) or self representation( β =-0.16) motivation negatively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.05). Child s age( β =-0.04), cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.09) and awareness( β =-0.14), cellphone use on instrumental motivation( β =-0.22) were negatively associated with cellphone addiction among children and adolescents( P <0.05). Cellphone related parental monitoring( β =0.07), as well as cellphone usage on self representation motivation( β =0.03) or hedonic motivation( β =0.29) positively related to cellphone addiction in children and adolescents( P <0.05). Conclusion Time spent on mobile phone and mobile phone addiction of Chinese children and adolescents are influenced by various internal and external factors, such as the mobile phone use motivation and parenting style.Future school education should help children develop scientific motivation for mobile phone use. Family education should help parents develop positive parenting behaviors such as communication and awareness, so as to reduce the possibility of improper mobile phone use.

Objective To observe the effect of lovastatin on the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA in cortical neurons in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods Cortical neurons prepared from E17 rats were assigned into 4 groups:NMDA group (addition of 100 μmol/L of NMDA for 15 minutes),LOV group (pretreatment of the neurons for 3 days with 500 nmol/L of LOV),LOV+NMDA group (pretreatment of the neurons for 3 days with 500 nmol/L of LOV and addition of 100 μmol/L of NMDA for 15 minutes) and untreated group (addition of isodose solvent).Cell viability was evaluated with the trypan blue dye exclusion test,the morphology and number of neurons were assessed with MAP-2 immunofluorescence staining,and the level of protein was measured with Western blotting assay. Results Trypan blue staining demonstrated that the pretreatment with 500 nmol/L of lovastatin for 3 days significantly protected the neurons against the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA (P＜0.05 vs NMDA).Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the number of MAP-2 positive neurons decreased and the surviving neurons showed a loss of MAP-2 positive dendrites after NMDA treatment (P＜0.05 vs untreated),which were not observed after lovastatin pretreatment (P＜0.05 vs NMDA).Excitotoxicity was mediated in part by the Calpain over-activation and the subsequent protein truncation events on Calpain substrate, CDK5 co-activator P35 to P25 cleavage. Lovastatin pretreatment remarkably suppressed Calpain over-activation and the conversion from P35 to P25 in response to NMDA exposure as detected by Western blotting analysis (P＜0.05 vs NMDA). Conclusions Lovastatin significantly attenuates the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA. The neuroprotection of lovastatin may be mediated by blocking the Calpain and CDK5 over-activation.

Tussilago farfara contained the chemical constitutents including terpenes, flavonoids, and alkanoids. It has been used for the relief of coughs and as an expectorant, blood pressure raiser, platelet activating factor inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agents. This paper reviewed the phytochemical and pharmacological research progress in T. farfara, including the chemical ingredients, the pharmaceutical activities and the security evaluation aiming at its toxicity. The problems at present and the reseach direction for the future on T. farfara have been put forward.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Tussilago ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore diagnostic value of MRI on posterior root tear of medial and lateral meniscus.

METHODSFrom January 2012 to January 2016, clinical data of 43 patients with meniscal posterior root tear confirmed by arthroscopy were retrospective analyzed, including 25 males and 18 females, aged from 27 to 69 years old with an average age of(42.5±8.3)years old;27 cases on the right side and 16 cases on the left side. MRI examinations of 43 patients with tear of posterior meniscus root confirmed by knee arthroscopies were retrospectively reviewed. MRI images were double-blinded, independently, retrospectively scored by two imaging physicians. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI diagnosis of lateral and medial meniscus posterior root tear were calculated, and knee ligament injury and meniscal dislocation were calculated.

RESULTSForty-three of 143 patients were diagnosed with meniscus posterior root tears by arthroscopy, including 19 patients with lateral tears and 24 patients with medial tears. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of posterior medial meniscus root tears for doctor A were 91.67%, 86.6% and 83.9% respectively, and for doctor B were 87.5%, 87.4% and 87.4%, 19 patients with medial meniscal protrusion and 2 patients with anterior cruciate ligament tear. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of posterior lateral meniscus root tears for doctor A were 73.7%, 79.9% and 79% respectively, and for doctor B were 78.9%, 82.3% and 82.5%, 4 patients with lateral meniscus herniation and 16 patients with cruciate ligament tear. Kappa statistics for posterior medial meniscus root tears and posterior lateral meniscus root tears were 0.84 and 0.72.

CONCLUSIONSMRI could effectively demonstrate imaging features of medial and lateral meniscal root tear and its accompanying signs. It could provide the basis for preoperative diagnosis of clinicians, and be worthy to be popularized.

Adult ; Aged ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To understand the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)and susceptibility of multidrug-resistant MTB(MDR-MTB)to linezolid in Hebei Province, so as to guiding clinical treatment of MDR tuberculosis.Methods The isolated strains and clinical information of patients with tuberculosis in 6 hospitals of 5 cities in Hebei Province between January and December 2016 were collected, susceptibility of MTB to antituberculous drugs isoniazid(INH), rifampicin(RFP), streptomycin(SM), ethambutol(EMB), ofloxacin(OFX), and kanamycin(KM)were detected, 100 strains of MDR-MTB were selected by stratified random sampling method, susceptibility to linezolid was detected.Results Drug resistance rate and MDR rate of the initially treated cases were 26.6％(200/753)and 13.5％(102/753)respectively, drug resistance rate and MDR rate of the retreatment cases were 59.7％(132/221)and 53.4(118/221)respectively, drug resistance rate and MDR rate of the retreatment cases were both statistically higher than initially treated cases(χ2=83.7, P＜0.01;χ2=93.5, P＜0.01).Resistance rates of MTB to first-line antituberculous drugs INH, RFP, SM, and EMB were 25.8％, 23.7％, 16.7％, and 7.1％ respectively, to second-line antituberculous drugs OFX and KM were 4.7％(37/782)and 4.0％(31/782)respectively; susceptibility of MDR-MTB to linezolid was 80.8％ (59/73).Conclusion Drug resistance rate and MDR rate of the retreated tuberculosis patients are higher than initially treated patients, linezolid has good in vitro antimicrobial activity against MDR-MTB.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of fluvas-tatin formulation on the pharmacokinetics-genetic polymorphis relationship. METHODS We compared the difference between the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin as an extended-release (ER) 80 mg tablet and an immediate-release(IR)40 mg capsule in terms of drug metabolism enzyme and transporter ge-netic polymorphisms. In this open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, crossover study, ef-fects of BCRP, SLCO1B1, MDR1, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were analyzed in 24 healthy individuals.Each treatment duration was 7 days with a washout period of 7 days between the crossover.Serum concentration of fluvastatin was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The SLCO1B1 T521C genotype had no statistically significant effect on IR 40 mg capsule of fluvastatinafter single or repeated doses.However,for the ER 80 mg tablet,the SLCO1B1 T521C genotype correlated with the AUC0-24of repeat doses (P=0.01). The CYP2C9*3 genotype correlated with the AUC0- 24after the first dose IR 40 mg capsule (P<0.05); however, the difference between CYP2C9*1/*1 and CYP2C9*1/*3 was not statistically significant after repeated doses. CONCLUSION The effect of SLCO1B1 T521C on fluvas-tatin exposure was observed and was more profound in ER and repeated dose administration than in IR and single dose administration.We recommend that formulation should be incorporated into future pharmacogenomics studies and clinical implication guidelines.