Objective To recognize the existing problems of master of nursing specialist students during clinical practice.Methods Eight master of nursing specialist students from 4 general hospitals in Changchun city were selected as respondents.Data were collected by focus group interview and analyzed by qualitative research method.Results Three formed themes included feeling of great pressure in clinical practice,existing problem in clinical practice teaching and assessment.Conclusions School and hospital need cooperate to carry out a training on competence of nurses,establish a comprehensive supervised clinical practice teaching and a assessment system with nursing features.

Andrographis paniculata from different parts and origins were analyzed by UPLC-PDA fingerprint to provide refererice for related preparation technology. Using the peak of andrographolide as reference, 27 common peaks were identified, and digitized UPLC-PDA fingerprints for 23 batches of andrographis paniculata were established in this research. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out after feature extraction. The contents of andrographolide, neoandrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide were determined by external standard method. The Plackett-Burman design combined with pareto chart was used to analyze the factors influencing the robustness of the method. It was found that the medicinal part has a more remarkable influence on the quality of andrographis paniculata than the origin. The contents of the 4 lactones the differ greatly in the different parts of andrographis paniculata, and the pH of the mobile phase is an important factor that influenced the robustness of the method.
Andrographis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Drug Stability ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes ; analysis

Objective To research the jugular foramen,internal auditory pore (IAP)and the turning point between its components by imageological methods and to provide theoretical basis for retrosigmoid approach in the operation of acoustic neurinoma.Methods The skulls of 100 volunteers were scanned to get the final result with thin-section computed tomographic image. High-resolution spiral CT multiplane reformation was used to reform images that were parallel to the Frankfort horizontal plane to measure the distance between the turning point of retrosigmoid (A),the edge of jugular foramen(B)and the lower edge of the internal auditory canal(C)(denoted AC,AB,BC) and the shortest distance from the jugular foramen to AC.The angles between AC,AB and sagittal axis(α,β) were measured.Results The distance of AC was (44.94 ± 3.84)mm,the distance of AB was (43.68 ± 4.56)mm.The distance of BC was (6.15 ±2.04)mm,and the shortest distance between jugular foramen and AC was (5.21±0.23)mm.The angleαwas measured as (39.50±4.74)°,and the angleβwas measured as (46.35± 5.51)°.Conclusion The research measure the distance and angle between entry points and landmarks of retrosigmoid approach and the safe distance.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of miR-494 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines,and its correlations with the clinical stages,metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer.Methods The expression levels of miR--494 in 5 breast cancer cell lines,including MDA-MB-231,MDA-MB-453,HCC-1937,MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7,and normal breast cell line HBL-100,were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The breast cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissues from 54 patients with breast cancer were collected,and their expression levels of miR-494 were determined by qRT-PCR.Then,the correlations of miR-494 levels with clinical stages,metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer were analyzed.Results The expression levels of miR-494 in MDA-MB-231,MDA-MB-453,HCC-1937,MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells were significantly lower than that in HBL-100 cells (t =212.9,37.73,27.53,10.61 and 19.46,respectively,and all P ＜0.05).The expression levels of miR-494 in breast cancer tissues were also significantly lower than that in normal adjacent tissues (t =5.80,P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the expression of miR-494 was significantly related to the clinical stage (x2 =17.41,P ＜0.05),tumor grade (x2 =5.33,P ＜0.05),C-erbB-2 expression (x2 =9.83,P ＜ 0.05) and the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells ((2 =6.13,P ＜ 0.05) of breast cancer.Conclusion The expression levels of miR-494 are significantly dowrregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines,and related to the clinical stage,metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer,indicating that miR-494 may serve as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of L929 cell membrane with atomic force microscope (AFM) after infrasound exposure and to explore the mechanisms of effect of infrasound on cell membrane.

METHODSAfter primary culture, the L929 cells were exposed to infrasound with intensity output of 130 dB and frequency of 16 Hz 2 hours each day for 3 days. The subsequent changes in the membrane of the control cells and the cells exposed to the infrasound were determined by nano-scale scanning with AFM.

RESULTSAfter infrasound exposure, the normal prominence of the membrane became short and the dent became shallow in the 7.5 microm x 7.5 microm and 4.0 microm x 4.0 microm photographs. The prominence appeared as cobblestones. The surface of the membrane became smooth.

CONCLUSIONThe membrane structure of the L929 cells can be changed by infrasound exposure with intensity of 130 dB and frequency of 16 Hz. The change might be one of the characteristics of effect of infrasound on cell membrane.

Animals ; Cell Membrane ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Sound ; adverse effects

Using the absorbent resin, silica gel and ODS column chromatography as well as semi-preparative HPLC, ten compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of tubers of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright, and their structures were elucidated as trigoneoside XIIIa (1), parvifloside (2), trigoneoside IVa (3), deltoside (4), protobioside (5), lilioglycoside k (6), zingiberensis newsaponin I (7), deltonin (8), prosapogenin A of dioscin (9), and trillin (10) on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis. Among these compounds, 1, 3, 5 and 6 were isolated from this plant for the first time. In the screening test on platelet aggregation, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited induction effect on platelet aggregation, while compound 9 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in vitro.
Animals ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Public hospitals reform is a key roadblock for the ongoing health reform.By means of such experiments as Three openings and three mechanisms,Beijing is practicing a separation of hospital regulation and management and separation of clinic and pharmacy,while building the mechanism of financial subscription for pricing,that of medical insurance adjustment,and that of hospital corporate governance.These measures aim at building a new management structure,operation mechanism and medical service model focusing on quality of care,efficiency and satisfaction.Separation of clinic and pharmacy has lowered drug proportion,average outpatient expense and out of-pocket payment of patients,as well as producing higher patient satisfaction,quality of care and hospital income.Other benefits include better management efficiency indirectly caused by separation of clinic and pharmacy,higher acceptance of the corporate governance,and service model innovation to better serve the people.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; beta Catenin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical value of simultaneously combined pelvic floor dynamic MRI and pelvic organography in diagnosing female pelvic floor disorders and search for the best imaging model for diagnosing pelvic floor disorders.

METHODSThirty women with pelvic floor disorders received pelvic floor dynamic MRI and simultaneously combined pelvic organography including cystourethrography, peritoneography, vaginography and defecography. Clinical diagnostic value was compared between this two methods.

RESULTSThe diagnostic accuracy of pelvic floor dynamic MRI and simultaneously combined pelvic organograph for cystocele,anorectal junction abnormal descent, pelvic floor hernia,uterocervical prolapse was 100%, 95.2 %, 86.7%, 85.7% respectively. Rectocele and prolapse of rectal were diagnosed by pelvic organograph in 12 and 28 cases respectively, while only 6 and 0 cases were diagnosed by pelvic floor dynamic MRI respectively. The mean examining time of pelvic floor dynamic MRI and simultaneously combined pelvic organography was (16 +/- 3)min, (34 +/- 9)min respectively (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPelvic floor dynamic MRI combined with defecography is the best imaging model for diagnosing pelvic floor disorders.

Adult ; Aged ; Encopresis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Floor ; physiopathology ; Pelvis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo observe the anatomic structure of Huantiao (GB 30) visually, to imitate the inserting process of the needle to explore the safty of needle insertion and improve the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in clinic.

METHODSCombined with anatomic structure of acupoint, muscles and other tissues related with Huantiao (GB 30) were interactively segmented in VOXEL-MAN with the computer graphics technology. Nerves and blood vessels were reconstructed by establishing mathematic model, and the needle-inserting animation of Huantiso (GB 30) was obtained by running script file.

RESULTSThe three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of Huantiao (GB 30) on needle-inserting animation was accomplished, the spatial location and expression of Huantiao (GB 30) in the digitized virtual human body were observed, the virtual inserting process was imitated realistically, and the 3-D animation of needle insertion at Huantiao (GB 30) was created.

CONCLUSIONBuilding mathematic model is favorable for expressing the anatomic structure of Huantiao (GB 30) in 3-D space, imitating the process of needle insertion realistically and observing the spatial structure of the point and the around tissues, which can provide a solid foundation for the safety of needle insertion of acupoints and improve therapeutic effect of acupuncture in clinic.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Computer Graphics ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional