Objective To evaluate the Chinese version of Benefit Finding Scale (BFS) for breast cancer patients.Methods After consent of the author,according to the flow path of scales,we established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of BUS,a convenience sample of 293 patients were recruited for evaluation.Results The Chinese version of BFS was comprised of 19 items,Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.911,test-retest reliability was 0.812,I-CVI was 0.833～1.000,S-CVI was 0.955.Meanwhile,exploratory analysis showed that the most interpretable solution consisted of 3 factors,the accumulative variance contribution which explained 55.101％ of variance of the total scale.The related validity showed that the correlative coefficient of Chinese version of BUS and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was 0.745.Conclusions It suggests that the 19-item Chinese version of the BFS has good reliability and validity,which could be used as a research tool for measuring breast cancer patients' benefit finding.

Objective To compare efficacy of small incision cataract surgery whether combined with nucleus chopping or not in the treatment of cataract. Methods From March 2014 to September 2015,125 cases of age-related cataract(146 eyes) in the the First People′s Hospital of Xiantao were divided into 60 cases(75 eyes) of observation group and 65 cases(71 eyes) of control group by method of random sampling. The observation group accepted small incision cataract surgery combined with chopping nucleus. The control group only underwent small incision cataract surgery. The postoperative visual acuity,corneal astigmatism and operation time,and complications and so on in the two groups were compared. Results There was statistically significant difference in postoperative visual acuity after 1 week between the two groups(Z = -2. 078,P <0. 05),but there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative visual acuity after 1 month or 3 months between the two groups(Z= -0. 960,-0. 743,all P>0. 05). The postoperative corneal astigmatism after 1 week or 1 month between the observation group and the control group had statistically significant differences[(1. 33 ± 0. 45) D vs. (1. 52 ± 0. 49) D,(1. 03 ± 0. 42) D vs. (1. 18 ± 0. 44)D,t=2. 442,2. 108,all P<0. 05)],but there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative corneal astigmatism after 3 months between the two groups(t =0. 432,P >0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time between the observation group and the control group[(11. 28 ± 2. 32) min vs. (11. 87 ± 2. 52)min,t=1. 473,P>0. 05]. One case of posterior capsular rupture occurred in the two groups,respec-tively. But serious complications such as lens nucleus escaped into vitreous cavity, explosive haemorrhage from the choroid or corneal endothelial decompensated had not been found. Conclusion The small incision cataract surgery combined with nucleus chopping has advantages in acquiring fast visual rehabilitation acuity in the early stage after operation,lower corneal astigmatism compared to that without nucleus chopping. Therefore,the small incision cataract surgery combined with nucleus chopping is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the changes and the clinical significance of serum concentration of soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (FasL) in the elderly. Methods Fifty elderly subjects and forty-seven adults were recruited. Serum concentration of sFas and EasL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Psychosocial stress and coping styles were also evaluated. Results The sFas level of the elderly was significantly higher than that in control group,whereas the EasL level was decreased with ageing (P<0.01). A positive correlation between sFas level and psychosocial stress, and a negative correlation between sFas level and positive coping were also found (all P<0. 05). Conclusions Age-related changes occur in serum sEas and EasL levels.The interaction of sFas/FasL system with psychosocial stress and coping styles seems to play important roles in immunosenescence. Our results also suggest that during aging a subtle balance between sFas and FasL could exist.

Objective To analyze clinical features and prognosis of primary intestinal T cell lymphoma (ITCL)which was misdiagnosed as Crohn′s disease (CD),and summarized the key points of differentiation between ITCL and CD.Methods From January 2003 to January 2014,clinical data of patients with ITCL once misdiagnosed as CD were retrospectively analyzed,which included demographic,clinical,pathological and prognostic data.The data of 177 patients diagnosed as CD from January 2012 to January 2014 were collected. The demographic,clinical,pathological and prognostic data of these two groups were analyzed and compared. The continuous variables were compared with t test or Mann-WhitneyU test,and the differences of classification variables between two groups were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method.Results A
total of 18 patients (17 males and one female)with ITCL misdiagnosed as CD were enrolled in the study,and the median age at diagnosis was 38.5 (28.8 to 42.5)years and the median duration of diagnosis was 6.00 (3.75 to 13.25)months.The common primary symptoms were abdominal pain (12/18),diarrhea (13/18)and anemia (13/18).Intestinal perforation was primary symptom in two cases (2/18).However,B symptoms of lymphoma was observed in 16 patients,which included fever in 13 patients,weight loss in 16 patients and night sweat in one patient.One or more serious complications appeared in 12 patients,which included intestinal perforation in nine patients,severe gastrointestinal bleeding in seven patients and intestinal obstruction in two patients.In 177 patients with CD,104 patients were male (58.8%),and the median age at diagnosis was 22.0 (18.0 to 29.0) years.The primary symptoms were abdominal pain (88.7%,157/177),diarrhea (55.9%,99/177),anemia (63.8%,113/177),fever (33.3%,59/177)and weight loss (59.9%,106/177).During the disease course,30 patients (16.9%)had intestinal perforation (mainly chronic),12 patients (6.8%)had intestinal obstruction and seven patients (4.0%)had severe gastrointestinal bleeding.Compared to CD patients,male patients were more common in ITCL (χ2 =8.837,P <0.01),age at diagnosis was older (χ2 =314.5,P <0.01),the disease course was shorter (U=385.0,P <0.01),weight loss (χ2 =5.867,P <0.05)and fever (χ2 =10.609,P <0.01)were more common in clinical symptoms and intestinal perforation and severe gastrointestinal bleeding were more common in complications (χ2 =9.185,24.908,both P <0.01).The lesions of ITCL were multiple lesions, small bowel involved in eight cases,colon involved in 14 cases and one case with esophagus involved.Under endoscopy examination,most lesions appeared as ulcerations and were segmentally distributed.Compared to CD, lymphocyte proliferation was more common in the intestinal histopathological findings of ITCL (17/18 vs 19.7%(35/177);χ2 =42.844,P <0.01)and granuloma was rare (0 vs 42.8%(76/177),χ2 =12.665,P <0.01). Among 18 patients with ITCL,nine received chemotherapy and the median survival time was two months. Conclusions Primary ITCL had non-specific symptoms and was easily misdiagnosed as CD.More attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of the two disease.

OBJECTIVETo estimate the biological exposure limit (BEL) using benchmark dose (BMD) based on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology.

METHODSCadmium-exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting factory and a zinc product factory. Doctors, nurses or shop assistants living in the same area served as a control group. Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as an exposure biomarker and urinary beta2-microgloburin (B2M), N-acetyl-13-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin (ALB) as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S.A) was used to calculate BMD.

RESULTSThe cut-off point (abnormal values) was determined based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group. There was a significant dose response relationship between the effect biomarkers (urinary B2M, NAG; and ALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd). BEL value was 5 microg/g creatinine for UB2M as an effect biomarker, consistent with the recommendation of WHO. BEL could be estimated by using the method of BMD. BEL value was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as an effect biomarker. The more sensitive the used biomarker is, the more occupational population will be protected.

CONCLUSIONBMD can be used in estimating the biological exposure limit (BEL). UNAG is a sensitive biomarker for estimating BEL after cadmium exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

OBJECTIVEBased on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology, Benchmark dose (BMD) was applied to estimate biological exposure limit (BEL).

METHODSCadmium exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting and a zinc products factory and control group was selected from doctors or nurses and staff from shops living in the same area; Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as exposure biomarker and urinary beta(2) microglobulin (UBM), NAG (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) were as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S) was used to calculate BMD.

RESULTSCalculated abnormal prevalence was based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group; There are significant dose response relationship between the prevalence of effect biomarkers (UBM, UNAG and UALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd); BEL was 5 microg/g creatinine for UBM as effect biomarker, It consists with the recommendation of WHO; BEL was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as effect biomarker; BEL can be estimated by using the method of BMD; the more sensitive biomarker would used, the more occupational people would protected.

CONCLUSIONThe application of BMD in estimating biological exposure limit (BEL) is proper. UNAG is suggested as most sensitive biomarker to be used to estimate BEL for cadmium exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Cadmium ; adverse effects ; urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Reference Values ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the efficacy of integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation for frameless stereotactic biopsy.

METHODSFrom January to December 2012, 32 patients with brain lesions underwent frameless stereotactic biopsy guided by positron emission tomograph (PET) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)-based multimodal neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI). The cohort consisted of 16 male and 16 female patients, with a mean age of 45 years (range: 7 - 62 years). Biopsy targets were identified according to PET and (1)H-MRS. Biopsy was performed with Varioguide frameless biopsy system. Diagnostic yield and complications were assessed.

RESULTSMetabolism images-based multimodal neuronavigation and iMRI were successfully implemented in all cases. iMRI confirmed accuracy of biopsy targets. All the specimens obtained pathological diagnosis, the diagnostic yield was 100%. In 1 patient, iMRI found small hematoma (< 5 ml), surgical evacuation wasn't needed with intraoperative complication rate 3.1%. With the help of multimodal neuronavigation, no patients had new or worsened neurologic deficits.

CONCLUSIONSIntegration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation provide not only anatomical, but also metabolic and functional information for frameless stereotaxy, increasing diagnostic yield and avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; methods ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuronavigation ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Young Adult

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of huoxuehuayu decoction on macula after phacoemulsification. Into A, B groups. The 80 eyes of A group were treated by conventional phacoemulsification; the patients (60 eyes) of B group were given huoxuehuayu decoction orally for two courses after phacoemulsification. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal and aqueous conditions ,thickness of macular central fovea and changes of macular retinal tissue in A, B groups were observed before surgery, 1 day; 1 week,2,4,6,8 weeks and 3 months after surgery. Was significantly higher than that of group A. One week after surgery the ratio of mild aqueous flare in group B was significantly lower than that of group A. The thickness of central fixation was significantly increased in both groups 1 week, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and 3 months after phacoemulsification; the difference between 2 to 8 weeks after surgery and pre-operation showed statistical significance in both groups. 11 eyes in A group had macular edema during 2 to 6 weeks after surgery, including 9 eyes with fovea thickened and 2 eyes with cystoid macular edema, and seven eyes' edema disappeared in 3 months. 2 eyes in B group had macular edema, including 1 eye fovea thickened and 1 eye cystoid macular edema, during 4 to 6 weeks after surgery, and the two eyes' edema disappeared 3 months after surgery. The fovea thickness in group B during 2 to 8 weeks after surgery was statistically lower than group A. Phacoemulsification.

Background Macular edema following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a main factor to influent visual function.The administration of traditional medicine can relieve tissue edema,but its preventive and treatment efficacy on macular edema after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation remaines unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of huoxuehuayu decoction on macula after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.Methods A case-controlled observational study was designed.One hundred and eighty eyes of 150 patients with age-related cataract were randomized into operation group and operation + medicine group.Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was performed in both groups,but huoxuehuayu decoction was orally administered for 14 days in operation+medicine group.The best corrected visual acuity,inflammatory reaction of the ocular anterior segment,and macular edema were recorded before operation and 1 week,2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks,and the central macular thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography.Results Twelve weeks after surgery,the ratio of visual acuity ≥ 1.0 was in significantly higher in operation+medition group than that of in operation group (x2 =1.066,P＞0.05).One week after surgery,the eyes of the aqueous flare were much nore in the operation group than that of operation+medicine group(x2 =9.341,P＜0.05).The thickness of the central fovea was significantly increased in both groups at 1 week,2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks after surgery,showing significant differences in comparison with preoperation (operation group:P ＜ 0.01 ; operation + medicine group:P ＜0.05).Macular edema occurred in 13 eyes in operation group during the following-up duration,including 11 eyes with thickened fovea and 2 eyes with cystoid macular edema.Maeular edema disappeared in 10 eyes 12 weeks later.In the operation+medition group,3 eyes happened macular edema,including thickened fovea in 2 eye and cystoid macular edema in 1 eye.Four to six weeks after surgery,macular edema disappeared in 3 eyes 12 weeks later.The fovea thickness in the operation+medicine group was statistically significantly lower from 2 through 8 weeks after surgery than that in the operation group(t=2.315,2.323,3.104,2.470,P＜0.05).Conclusions Oral administration of huoxuehuayu decoction is helpful for the restoration of the anterior ocular segment.Huoxuehuayu decoction can protect macula from the edema induced by phacoemulsification.

BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty (PKP) are important methods for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. Although bone cement has certain liquidity and vertebral fractures are often in different situations, bone cement leakage rate is still high. OBJECTIVE: Based on the theoretical discussion and clinical analysis, to study the theoretical causes of bone cement leakage and effective prevention methods. METHODS: A total of 162 cases (186 vertebrae) were treated with three methods of vertebroplasty. Group A: 64 cases with 78 vertebrae were treated with conventional cemented vertebroplasty; Group B: 57 cases with 65 vertebrae were treated with cemented vertebroplasty using cement pump; Group C: 41 cases with 43 vertebrae were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. The leakage of bone cement was observed in three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 186 vertebrae, postoperative bone cement leakage occurred in 25 vertebrae, with the leakage rate of 13% (25/186). Group A had bone cement leakage in 11 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 14% (11/78). Group B had bone cement leakage in 8 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 12% (8/65). Group C had bone cement leakage in 6 vertebrae, and the leakage rate was 14% (6/43). There was no significant difference among the three groups in the leakage rate of bone cement (P > 0.05). That is to say, the causes of bone cement leakage are not completely controllable, and the leakage position has some randomness. Strict and careful imaging monitoring is an intuitive method to prevent bone cement leakage.