Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of aspirin for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).(Methods)Electronic database searching was performed on Medline,Cochrane Library and CBM,and the data from the beginning of the database to October 2005 were included.Randomised and quasi-randomised trials concerning aspirin treatment for T2DM were selected and assessed for the methodological quality,and the extracted data were performed Meta-analysis by statistical software RevMan4.2.8. Results Fourteen randomised and quasi-randomised trials met the inclusion criteria,including 7 papers of aspirin treatment for T2DM,3 papers of aspirin treatment for cardiovascular complication of T2DM and 4 papers of aspirin treatment for type 2 diabetic retinopathy.Compared with placebo treatment,aspirin showed significant positive effects on lowering blood glucose(SMD,0.73;95%CI,(-1.11 ~-0.36;)P=0.0001).In diabetic patients,aspirin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the total cardiovascular events(RR,0.78;95%CI,0.68 ~ 0.98;P=0.03).Aspirin treatment neither lowered(nor increased) the risk of the development of diabetic retinopathy(RR,1.02;95% CI,0.97 ~ 1.07;P=0.54).(Conclusion Aspirin treatment) can be a choice for T2DM,especially for the patients who have evidence of cardiovascular disease or have high risks for cardiovascular disease.

Objective To study the construction of recombinant wild lipoprotein lipase(LPL) gene plasmid and its expression in COS-1 cells. Methods The LPL cDNA was isolated from the human epiploon adipose tissue by means of RT-PCR.The LPL cDNA was ligated into the pcDNA3.1Zeo(+).The recombinant pcDNA3.1Zeo(+)-LPL cDNA was identified by endonucleases,PCR and DNA sequencing.COS-1 cells were transfected with the recombinant LPL gene plasmid using Lipofectamine 2000~(TM).The LPL mass in cells and the culture medium were determined by a Markit-M LPL Kit.Spectrophotometry was used to measure the LPL activity. Results The LPL gene was ligated into the pcDNA3.1Zeo(+) plasmid identified by endonucleases and PCR.The sequence of the LPL gene was the same as the sequence of the Gene Bank identified by DNA sequencing.Wild pcDNA3.1Zeo(+)-LPL(cDNA) plasmids was transformed into the COS-1 cells. Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1Zeo(+)-LPL cDNA could be constructed and successfully transformed into the COS-1 cells.

BACKGROUND:TiNi shape memory alloy(TiNi-SMA)distractor can be buried completely,there is no time delay and it is different from other distractors previously used.Therefore,it is necessary to reevaluate the osteogenetic time and quality.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quality of the alveolar ridge augmented by TiNi-SMA distractor by bone mineral density (BMD)and biodynamics tests of new-formed bone.DESIGN:Randomized controlled observation.SETTING:Department of Stomatology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:Twelve healthy adult male mongrel canines(ranged from 21 to 26 kg)were provided and bred by Medical Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.All the animals were accorded with the requirements of the quarantine and animal ethnics.Self-made distractors were used in the study.XR-36 Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (Norland,USA)and 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ Biomaterial Testing Machine(MTS,USA)were used in the study.METHODS:The experiments were performed at the Medical Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA from July 2000 to May 2004.The animals were grouped into group Ⅰ(3 months group)and group Ⅱ(6 months group)randomlv with 6 animals in each group.The left mandible was used as experimental side and the right was used as COntrol side.The canines were kilied after anaesthesia at 3 or 6 months later in both groups.After the mandible samples were cut,the BMD of three points in the distraction gap,above the distraction gap and below the distraction gap were measured by dual energy X-ray.Compressive biomechanics test was performed in the middle of the distraction area of the experimental side and the corresponding area of the control side to detect compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①BMD of the distraction area of the experimental side and the control side in the group Ⅰand group Ⅱ.②Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the mandibles of the experimental side and the control side.RESULTS:All of the 12 experimental canines were included in the final analysis,no drop-out.BMD determination:BMD was lower in above the distraction gap of the mandibles of the experimental side than in the control side in the group Ⅰ (t=-2.898,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in BMD between both sides in the group Ⅱ(P＞0.05).Compressive biomechanics test:Compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity of the mandibles on the experimental side were lower than on the control side in the group Ⅰ(t=-3.274,-3.534,P＜0.05).All indexes increased by some degree in the group Ⅱ compared to the group Ⅰ (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The new bone is strong enough for later repair such as implantation after distraction osteogenesis using TiNi-SMA distractor.

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been focused on mandibular condyle fracture, which has long been considered as a severe injury to the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). Restricted by diagnostic methods, many studies have been conducted on transverse fracture whereas little attention has been paid to longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle. Even less is known about longitudinal fracture in young children.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle on secondary ankylosis of TMJ.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Center for Experimental Animals, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Twelve young Chinese experimental miniature pigs bred by the Institute of Experimental Animals, Beijing Agriculture University, aged 2 -3 months and weighing(5 -5.5) kg, were used and raised with mixed feed, and then divided into 3 groups randomly.METHODS: Food and water was forbidden for the miniature pigs 12 hours before operation. Under anesthesia with(5.0 - 15.0) mg/kg ketamine/xylazine abdominally injected, conventional disinfection was performed in the right lateral decubitus position and layer-by-layer preauricular incisions were made on the left side of the miniature pigs. The joint cyst was incised transversely and the lower cavity of TMJ was exposed and dragged downwards. The mandibular condyle was cleaved into two vertically along the inner 1/3 part of it with a 5.0 mm-wide bone chisel to cause inferior and posterior sagittal fractures. The miniature pigs were executed 3 months and 6 months after operation, and their condyles were cut for observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The morphological changes of mandibular condyle specimens in the three groups observed with the naked eyes.②The pathological changes of mandibular condyle specimens under light microscope.RESULTS: The articular disc was adhered to the mandibular condyle after 3months. Temporal fossa adhered to the articular disc and mandibular condyle could still be observed in one specimen. Bifid condylar deformity was found in two specimens and no disc perforation was found. The adhesions became more severe after 6 months and bifid condylar deformity was formed in all the 3 specimens, with distinctly thickened discs. Light microscope observation:Three months after fracture, the adhesion between disc and condyle was obvious. There was no clear boundary between the surrounding tissues. The adhesion was composed of fibro-connective tissues, with a large number of chondrocytes in it. Fibro-connective tissues tightly adhered to the trabeculae were found in some adhesions. The fiber of disc became deranged and blood vessels and fatty cells were seen. Six months after fracture, blood vessels, a large number of fibroblasts and sparse chondrocytes were seen in the adhesions. The collagen fibers of the discs were arranged in whirlpool shape. There were a large number of fatty cells and blood vessels within it. The fiber-cartilage of the condylar surface was found thickened and the fiber deranged in the unadhered tissues. Proliferative changes were seen on disc surfaces.CONCLUSION: Childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle causes severe secondary injury to TMJ, suggesting a close correlation between longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle and TMJ ankylosis.

Objective To determine the content of luteolin in Callicarpa nudiflora Hook.et Arn..Methods HPLC was performed with chromatographic conditions as follows:Alltima C18 column(250 mm? 4.6 mm,5 ? m)with column temperature at 25 ℃,the mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphate(55:45:0.4),flow rate at 1 mL/min,and the detection wavelength at 348 nm.Results The linearity of luteolin was good in the range of 0.032 46～ 0.129 84 ? g(r=0.999 5).The average recovery was 99.52 % and RSD was 1.58 %.Conclusion The method is simple,feasible and reproducible,and can be used to control the quality of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook.et Arn..

Objective This study was to compare the effects of chronic experimental stress and aging on insulin sensitivity at insulin receptor of liver plasma membranes and its autophosphorylation in the aged mice compared with those in the young and the adult diabetes-susceptible mice. Methods Diabetes-susceptible mice was induced by streptozotocin in 40 1.5-month-old mice (young mice), 40 15-month-old mice (adult mice) and 40 20-month-old mice (aged mice). These mice were randomly divided into the stress groups and control groups, respectively. Each group contained 20 mice. Stress groups were exposed to multiple stressors (restrain, rotation, crowding) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting plasma insulin (FIns) were measured. The index of insulin sensitivity (ISI) was calculated. The numbers (R_~1 , R_~2 , R) and affinity (K_~1 , K_~2 , K) of insulin receptors on liver plasma membranes were investigated by using Scatchard analysis. The numbers of insulin-stimulated (10~-7 mol/L) phosphorylated insulin receptor (PINSR) on liver plasma membranes was assayed by ELISA. Results After 6-week stress, FBG levels were significantly higher with aging 〔young mice: (10.3?6.2)mol/L, adult mice: (15.2?3.6)mol/L, aged mice: (18.9?2.9)mol/L, P

The levels of triglyceride(TG)and free fatty acid(FFA)in serum,liver,skeletal muscle,and pancreas of lipoprotein lipase gene knockout heterozygous(LPL+/-)mice and C57 mice were determined.Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.The results showed that the Iipid content in 16 weeks LPL+/- group did not increase significantly.The TG and FFA contents in 28 weeks LPL+/- group were significantly higher than those in control and 16 weeks LPL+/-group(all P<0.05).In 50 weeks LPL+/- group,FFA levels in serum and pancreas,and TG content in pancreas increased significantly compared with other three groups(all P<0.05).The IPGTT result showed that the blood glucose levels increased from 15 to 120 min,not at 0 and 5 min.The blood glucose levels during 30-120 min increased significantly in 50 weeks LPL+/- group compared with other three groups(P<0.05).Fasting insulin(FINS),homoestasis assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and pancreatic β cell function also increased gradually with age.FINS and HOMA-IR in 28 weeks LPL+/- group were higher than those in control and 16 weeks LPL+/- group.These results suggest that LPL is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation(TENS)on function recovery in patients with stroke. Methods60 patients who suffered from stroke within 14 days were divided into treatment group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). All the patients accepted Motor Relearning Programme (MRP),otherwise patients in treatment group were treated with TENS.Before and after treatment, two groups were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Barthel Index. ResultsThere was significant difference in FMA and Barthel Index after treatment between two groups (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusions Early using TENS can improve function of motion and ADL in patients with stroke.

Objective To investigate the effects of social support intervention on anxiety and depression of pulmonary hypertension(PH)patients,then provide a scientific basis for nursing of patients with pulmonary hypertension.Methods The general condition of PH questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),social support rating scale(SSRS)were distributed to 131 patients with PH.Then make statistical analysis of patients'anxiety,depression and social support conditions.Results The score of anxiety and depression psychological conditions of patients with pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher than normal population,the difference wag statistically significant.Among 131 patients,16 patients with anxiety,accounting for 12.21% ;21 cases of patients with depression,accounting for 16.03% .28 patients at a high level of social support,92 patients at a medium level of social support,11 patients at a low level of social support,a total of 91.60% of the patients in the middle and higher levels of social support.Anxiety and depression scores had significant negative correlation with social support,objective support points and subjective support points.The anxiety,depression difference among different types of pulmonary hypertension was statistically significant.The difference of anxiety and depression scores between patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and patients with pulmonary hyper tension caused by congenital heart disease were significant.The depression scores between pulmonary hy pertension caused by pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and congenital heart disease were significantly different.Conclusions When nurses care pulmonary hypertension patients.those with different types of PH should be given targeted social support.Attention should be paid to transfer the source of social support to help them adopt a positive attitude to face the diseabe,then improve the treatment and care compliance of patients.

Objective To evaluate the precision and accuracy of blood glucose meter(BGM ) for community home use testing . Methods According to the In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems‐Requirements for Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self‐Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus in DIN EN ISO15197 :2013 .Capillary blood and venous blood were tested by BGM and the laborato‐ry biochemical analyzer respectively .The measurement results of each BGM were compared with the results of the biochemical ana‐lyzer for conducting the bias analysis .Results In evaluated 20 BGM ,none of them met the requirements of ISO15197 :2013(when blood glucose concentrations < 5 .5 mmol/L ,the bias in 95% of detection results is within the range of ± 0 .83 mmol/L ;when blood glucose concentrations ≥ 5 .5 mmol/L ,the bias in 95% of detection results is within the range of ± 15% .Only 11 imported BGM (55% ) met the state standard .Conclusion The bias of 20 BGM ranged - 28 .7% - 3 .8% ,with the average bias of - 12 .2% . These detection results will bring the large risk of therapy in the diabetic patients .The regular and standardized evaluation of BGM performance may ensure the quality of blood glucose self - monitoring .