Biliary tract cancer(BTC) is a malignart tumor which originates from biliary epithelia.Most patients with BTC present locally advanced stage or distant metastasis.Although the standard systemic chemotherapy approaches are emerging,the prognosis remains poor.Combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin can significantly prolong survival for patients,which is the standard treatment for locally advanced or metastatic BTC.Application of molecularly targeted therapies in advanced BTC is the new trend of clinical research.

Objective To investigate the maximum epiphyseal width lateral to Klein' s line (MEWLKL) and modification of Klein's Line (namely difference value of bilateral MEWLKL) on hip plain radiographs of normal children, and to investigate the relationship between MEWLKL and modification of Klein's Line and gender and body side, respectively.Methods Anteroposterior (AP) view pelvic plain radiographs of fourteen thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven cases aged from zero to fourteen years old in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2005 January to 2014 December were reviewed.Seven thousand one hundred and forty-seven normal AP pelvic plain radiographs were included in the present study.Fourteen groups based on the age from one years old to fourteen years old were divided.One hundred cases in each age group, including fifty males and fifty females, were randomly selected.Fourteen hundred AP view pelvic plain radiographs including twenty eight hundred hips were measured.The reference value of MEWLKL and modification of Klein's line were measured using AutoCAD2007 software.the Normal distribution test were performed using Excel and SPSS19.0 software.The relationship curve between MEWLKL and modification of Klein's Line and age were drawed.The intra-group difference between MEWLKL and gender and body side were performed using t-test in normal children.The inter-group difference between modification of Klein's line and average MEWLKL were performed using one-way analysis of variance in normal children.Results The reference value of MEWLKL and modification of Klein's Line were both normal distribution.Average reference value of MEWLKL were (5.20 ± 1.92) mm, (5.04 ± 1.88) mm in male, and (5.36 ± 1.94) mm in female (P =0.000), (5.06 ± 1.87) mm on the left side, and (5.33 ± 1.96) mm on the right side (P =0.000).The curve of reference value of MEWLKL in fourteen general groups were similar to those of fourteen male groups and fourteen female groups, and reference value of MEWLKL increased with age.It was in the trough at the age of five [general groups: (3.77 ± 1.00) mm;male groups: (3.53 ± 1.00) mm;female groups: (4.01 ±0.94) mm], and it was at the peak at the age of thirteen [general groups: (7.49 ± 1.43)mm;female group: (7.84 ± 1.42) mm].It was at the peak at the age of fourteen in male groups, and the value was (7.24 ± 1.46) mm.The reference value of MEWLKL in fourteen groups and in female groups both fell slightly after the age of fourteen.There were second trough, (6.44 ± 1.86) mm to (6.38 ± 1.15) mm,at age eleven to twelve in female groups.The curves of reference value of MEWLKL on bilateral sides was very similar, and they increased with age.They were in the trough at the age of five [(3.54 ± 0.84) mm in left side and (4.00 ± 1.10) mm in right side], and they were at the peak at the age of thirteen [(7.25 ± 1.57)mm in left side and (7.72 ± 1.24) mm in right side].The curves both fell slightly after the age of fourteen.The general reference value of modification of Klein's line was (0.93 ±0.82) mm.The average value of each age group waved in the level of 1.0 mm.Statistical significance were found in comparison of two intergroups, age eight versus age seven (P =0.011), and age eleven versus age ten (P =0.04).The maximum value of modification of Klein's line in four of fourteen groups were greater than 2.0 mm, including 2.02 mm in age ten, 2.05 mm in age eleven, 2.3 mm in age thirteen, and 2.17 mm in age fourteen, respectively.Conclusion The value of modification of Klein's line in normal children can be more than 2.0 mm, and the average value waved in the level of 1.0 mm.It is not reliable to determine slipped capital femoral epiphysis using modification of Klein's line.

Objective:To investigate the preventive effect of nalmefene on sufentanil-induced cough in the patients with general anesthesia. Methods:Eighty patients with general anesthesia were randomly divided into the control group and the nalmefene group. The nalmefene group was intravenously given 0. 25μg·kg-1 hydrochloric acid natrium nalmefene 5 minutes before the induction, and physiological saline with the same capacity was given in the control group. Cough number and intensity in one minute after the injection of nalmefene were observed, and the changes of hemodynamic indices such as the blood pressure, heart rate and pulse oxygen satura-tion before the anesthesia induction (T0), 1min after sufentanil injection (T1) and after the intubation (T2) were observed and com-pared between the groups. Results:The incidence rate of cough was 37. 5% in the control group and 0% in the nalmefene group, and the incidence rate and strength of cough in nalmefene group were both lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The hemody-namic parameters at T1 showed notable changes when compared with those at T0 in the control group (P<0. 05), and had significant differences when compared with those in the nalmefene group (P<0. 05), and at T2, all the parameters recovered to the levels at T0. The parameters in the nalmefene group were much more steady than those in the control group (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Pretreatment with hydrochloric acid natrium nalmefene can prevent sufentanil-induced cough response during the induction of anesthesia without weakening the inhibitory effect of sufentanil on intubation response.

Drug management system of No.1 Military Medial Project is an important component of hospital information management system. This paper introduces four pieces of application experience of drug management system and presents seven suggestions about it.

Objective To find the accurate incidence of vacuum phenomenon in the hip and the best projection position produced the vacuum phenomenon on plain radiograph of hip in children.Methods All pediatric anteroposterior view and frog-leg position plain radiographs of hip joints were retrieved in our hospital between January 2003 and March 2013.All subjects was between 0 and 14 years old (mean age,4.2 years old).All the plain radiographs showing the crescent,linear,and irregular lucency between the femoral head and acetabulum were included in the present study.Results A total of 16 749 cases,including 12 422 cases (5 912 boys and 6 510 girls) only taken AP view plain radiographs and 4 327 cases (1 537 boys and 2 790 girls) taken both AP view and frog-leg position plain radiographs,were taken in our hospital between January 2003 and March 2013.None of AP view plain radiographs of hips could find the vacuum phenomenon.Two hundred and fifty-eight cases (321 hips) with vacuum phenomenon of the hips were found only in the frog-leg position plain radiographs of 4 327 cases,and the constituent ratio of vacuum phenomenon in the hip joint is 5.96％ in frog-leg position plain radiographs.One thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight normal children were included in 4 327 frog-leg position radiographs,and 150 cases of vacuum phenomenon were included in 1 738 normal children,and incidence of vacuum phenomenon in normal children is 8.63％.Two thousand three hundred and sixty children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) were included in 4 327 frog-leg position radiographs,and 98 cases of vacuum phenomenon were included in 2 360 children with DDH,and incidence of vacuum phenomenon in children with DDH is 4.15％.258 cases with vacuum phenomenon included 150 cases of normal hips (58.14％),98 cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip (37.98％),5 cases of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (1.94％),and 1 each in solitary eosinophilic granuloma of ischium,polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the bilateral proximal femur,hereditary multiple exostoses,congenital coxa vara and fracture of femoral neck after surgery.Three hundred and twenty-one hips in 258 cases were classified into complete type (121 hips,37.69％) and partial type (200 hips,62.31％) according to the proportion of lucency area in the hip joints and linear (159 hips,49.53％),crescent (151 hips,47.04％) and irregular (11 hips,3.43％) lucency according to the shape of lucency area in the hips.Conclusion Vacuum phenomenon of the hip in children is not very rare in frog-leg position plain radiograph.It is easier to find the vacuum phenomenon in normal hip compared to that of developmental dysplasia of the hip.The frog-leg position plain radiograph is a better projection position to obtain the vacuum phenomenon of the hip in children compared to the anteroposterior view plain radiograph.

In Western countries, the mutation status of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is commonly determined for genetic counseling among members of families with a history of breast or ovarian cancer, especially for women of the Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. Recent studies in the Cancer Genome Atlas project have demonstrated that BRCA2 mutation carriers are more responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy among high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Thus, in Western countries, the mutation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is recognized to have an important value with which to assess cancer risk and therapeutic response. However, very limited studies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and their implications for counseling and therapeutic prediction have been conducted in China. Therefore, a potentially important genetic test that is technically simple has not benefited Chinese women with an increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer. This article summarizes the current progress in the study of BRCA1/2 mutation in China and recommends an increased effort in applying advances in genetic testing to the clinical management of Chinese patients with ovarian cancer.
Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; ethnology ; genetics ; surgery ; Platinum ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Risk ; Survival Rate

Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-219-5p on malignant phenotype of glioblastoma cells involving proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, and to preliminarily determine the candidate target genes of miR-219-5p related to the inhibition of cancer. Methods: The inverse relationship between mRNAs and miR-219-5p in glioblastoma tissues from sixty cases was obtained by analysis of miR-219- 5p expression level and mRNA expression profiling. DAVID software for functional analysis was employed to analyze the functions of the top 50 mRNAs and screen out two sets of mRNAs related to glioblastoma progression. The target genes of miR-219-5p were screened out from the two sets of miRNAs on four websites of online target-binding prediction. MTT assay, flow cytometry (FCM) assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the effects of miR-219-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of human glioblastoma cells, respectively. Results: Fourteen proliferation/apoptosis-related genes and five invasion-related genes were screened from glioblastoma tissues of sixty patients (P <0.001). Four genes including TWIST 1, MYO 1B , WEE 1 and SPRED 2 were predicted as potential target genes of miR-219-5p from 19 candidate genes. Functional analysis revealed that miR-219-5p could suppress the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells as well as promote the apoptosis (P <0.05). Conclusion: MiR-219-5p may suppress the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma cells through multiple gene targets. © 2012 by Tumor.

AIM:To investigate the effect of different cutting centers on the visual acuity, refractive diopter and visual quality of patients undergoing laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: A total of 80 patients (160 eyes) with myopia treated by elective LASIK were divided into two groups.Thirty-six cases (72 eyes) with visual axis corneal reflection point (VACRP) as the cutting center were included into the VACRP group while 44 cases (88 eyes) with pupil center (PC) as the cutting center were included into the PC group.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive diopter, corneal aberration [total corneal and anterior corneal surface higher-order aberrations (HOA), spherical aberration (Z40), vertical coma (Z3-1), horizontal coma (totZ31) and offset of cutting centers were determined before surgery and 1mo after surgery.RESULTS: There was no difference in the probability of UCVA ≥ 0.1, BCVA and refractive diopter between the two groups at 1mo after surgery (P>0.05).The astigmatism and cutting center deviation of VACRP group were lower than those of PC group (P<0.05).The totHOA, totZ40, totZ3-1, totZ31, froHOA, froZ3-1、froZ31 and froZ40 were lower in VACRP group than PC group at 1mo after surgery (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The UCVA of patients treated with both cutting centers for LASIK is good but VACRP has more advantages in reducing the offset of cutting center and improving postoperative visual quality.

Objective:To investigate hard-tissue changes in borderline cases with extraction and non-extraction during treatment and follow-up stages.Methods:Five associate professors,who were from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,were asked to make judgment on the cases with full pre-treatment records for discriminating the borderline cases from extraction and non-extraction cases.Fifty-four borderline cases with full treatment records which had been out of treatment for at least 2 years were followed.Twenty-one cases with follow-up records were collected including 8 extraction cases and 13 non-extraction cases.Cephalometric measurements were preceeded in IDAS(Image and Database Analysis System) software program.Results:In extraction group,significant changes of SNB,SNPg in A-P direction and that of ArGo/ANSMe,MP/SN in vertical direction were present during the follow-up stage,while the overjet was stable.In non-extraction group,only decrease of proclination of lower incisor and increase of overjet were present without any skeletal changes during the follow-up stage.In comparison of the two groups,no skeletal and dental changes showed statistically significant difference except for MP/SN and ArGoGn in pre-treatment stage,while dental characteristics in relation to upper and lower incisor(L1/NB,L1-NB,L1-AP,U1-AP,U1/L1) showed statistically significant difference between the two groups after treatment.But in follow-up stage,the skeletal and dental pattern tended to be similar for both groups only except for the proclination of lower incisor.Conclusion:The similarities of skeletal and dental pattern are demonstrated in extraction and non-extraction group before treatment.Dental changes are the major post-treatment changes in the two groups.In follow-up stage,counter-clockwise rotation of mandible is unique in extraction group,which is likely a hepful factor for stability of overjet,while lingual tipping of lower incisor in non-extraction group without skeletal changes may contribute to overjet relapse.

Objective To detect the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC) and analyze the effects of taurine on NSC proliferation in rats with fetal growth restriction (FGR).Methods For in vivo experiment,pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group (n=5),FGR group (n=7) and taurine group (n=6) [treated with taurine,300 mg/(kg · d)].Rats in the latter two groups were fed with 40％ of food intake in control group throughout pregnancy to establish the FGR model.Fatty acid binding protein-7 (FABP-7) expression in brains was detected by immunohistochemistry.For in vitro experiment,pregnant rats were divided into two groups including control group and FGR group.FGR modeling was established in the same way as above.On the 14.5 day of pregnancy,NSC were isolated and cultured for five days to form neurospheres with different concentrations of taurine (control,0,5,10,15,20,30,40 mmol/L).Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of NSC-specific marker FABP-7.CCK8 test was used to detect the cell proliferating index.Neurospheres were collected at the end of culture and disaggregated to get the total number of viable cells.One-way ANOVA,Kruskal-Wallis Test,SNK-test and Tamhane's test were used for statistical analysis.Results Compared with the control group (18 012±3 016),the number of FABP-7-positive cells in FGR model group (10 173±1 728) was decreased (P＜0.05),but increased in taurine group (19 518±3 201) (F=200.8,P＜0.05).Free-floating neurospheres could be formed in both control and FGR groups and the cells within neurospheres were mostly FABP-7-positive and were then considered as NSC.The proliferation indexes in control,FGR,FGR+5 mmol/L taurine,FGR+10 mmol/L taurine,FGR+15 mmol/L taurine,FGR+20 mmol/L taurine,FGR+30 mmol/L taurine,FGR+40 mmol/L taurine groups were 1,0.80±0.07,0.92±0.11,1.33±0.24,1.20±0.15,1.11 ±0.14,0.80±0.12 and 0.82±0.08,respectively.The proliferation indexes in FGR groups treated with 10,15 or 20 mmol/L of taurine were significantly higher than that of FGR group without taurine interference (P＜0.05).The total cell numbers in the eight groups were (24.5 ± 0.6)× 105,(20.23 ± 1.09)× 105,(22.80 ±0.86) × 105,(27.53± 1.22)× 10s,(25.30±1.05)× 105,(22.70±0.72)× 105,(21.80± 1.80)× 105 and (18.06 ± 0.90)× 105,respectively.Compared with the FGR group without taurine interference,those treated with 5,10,15 or 20 mmol/L of taurine showed higher total cell numbers (all P＜0.05 or ＜0.01),while that treated with 40 mmol/L oftaurine was lower.Conclusions The number and proliferation of NSC in FGR fetal rat brains is significantly decreased,however,these could be reversed by antenatal supplementation of taurine.The best effect is shown when l0 mmol/L of taurine is given.