Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

To analyze the regularity in combined medication with Xiyanping injection (Xiyanping for short) in the real world by as- sociation rules. Totally 5 822 patients using Xiyanping injection was collected from the 18 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide to study the combined medication information of the patient with lung infection and make the analysis by using association rules and Apriori. According to the results, major drugs combined with Xiyanping in treatment of lung infection included compound amino acid, inosine, coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, vitamin C. Common drugs combined with Xiyanping can be divided into 5 categories: nutrition support therapy (vitamin C, compound amino acid) , coenzymes (coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, inosine), expectorants and antiasthmatics (ambroxol, salbutamol, doxofylline), hormones (dexamethasone, budesonide), antibiotics (mainly cefminox). The main combined medicines mostly conformed to the regularity for drugs treating lung infection. In addition, there were two most common medical combination models: the model for Xiyanping combined a single medicine is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy, while the model for Xiyanping combined two or more than two medicines is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy + coenzyme. Pharmacologically, Xiyanping is mostly combined with western medicines with similar pharmacological effects to substitute or supplement the antibiotic effect in treating lung infection. However, further studies shall be conducted for the safety and rationality of the combined medication based on clinical practices, in order to provide reference for clinical medication.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Cephamycins ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects of galangin on gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS in oxidative damage of A375 cell;To discuss its protective mechanism for anti-oxidative damage. Methods A375 melanoma cells were induced oxidative stress to establish oxidative damage model by 700μmol/L H2O2. The study was divided into normal group, model group, positive medicine group and high-, medium-, and low-dose galangin groups. All administration groups were given relevant medicine for cultivation. Cell viability was detected by MTT;ROS content was detected by ELISA;the gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS were detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with normal group, cell viability decreased significantly;ROS content increased significantly;the gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS decreased significantly in the model group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group, cell viability increased, ROS content decreased, the gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS increased significantly in all administration groups (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Galangin may activate Nrf2 signal path to realize the protective effect on A375 cellular oxidation damage through upregulating the expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS to promote the integration of Nrf2 and antioxidant response element and relevant regulatory enzymes.

Objective To evaluate the application of Mammotome minimally invasive biopsy(MMIBS) in the diagnosis of non-palpable small lesions in breast. Methods A total of 42 patients with non-palpable small breast lesions and abnormal imaging findings were performed MMIBS.After MMIBS,21 patients received open operations,and the pathological diagnosis was compared and analysed. Results All these 42 patients were successfully performed MMIBS,with no severe complications,and the pathological diagnosis of MMIBS were breast cancer(8 patients) and benign pathological changes(34 patients).Among the 21 patients with open operations,the post-operative pathological findings of 20 patients were same as the results of MMIBS,with the sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 100%.The other 21 patients without operations were followed up for 6 to 12 months,and no abnormal mammographic and ultrasonographic findings were observed.Conclusion MMIBS boasts the characteristics of minimal invasion,safety,high sensitivity and high specificity,which can serve as the first choice in the diagnosis of non-palpable small lesions with abnormal imaging findings.

Objective To evaluate the expression of RAR-? gene in cervical carcinoma cell lines SiHa,HeLa,C33A and Caski and to analyze the relation between their gene expression and the promoter methylation of RAR-? DNA.Methods The expression of mRNA and protein of RAR-? gene in the four cell lines were analyzed by RT-PCR,western blot and immunofluoreseence,respectively.Methylation specific PCR(MSP)was used to check whether there was methylation in the promoter of RAR-? gene.The demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-cdR)was used to treat methylated cell lines and the change of RAR-? gene methylation and RAR-? gene expression defects were observed.The cell proliferation was assayed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method.Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of RAR-? in cell lines SiHa,HeLa,Caski and C33A were 0.25 ?0.08,0,0.60?0.19,3.12?0.92 and 0.23?0.07,0,0.14?0.05,0.68?0.21,respectively.The mRNA and protein expression of RAR-? in SiHa,HeLa and Caski cell lines were decreased or silenced, whereas its expression increased in C33A cell line.MSP method showed that there were RAR-? gene methylation in SiHa,HeLa and Caski cell lines,while there was no RAR-? gene methylation in C33A cell line.After treated with 5-Aza-cdR,the mRNA and protein expression levels of RAR-? in SiHa,HeLa, Caski and C33A cell lines were 1.82?0.59,2.13?0.62,1.67?0.43,2.95?0.89 and 0.69?0.21, 0.83?0.29,0.56?0.16,0.64?0.20 respectively.The mRNA and protein levels of RAR-? had a significant difference between before and after interference with 5-Aza-cdR in SiHa,Helm,and Caski cell lines(P0.05).The 5-Aza-cdR treatment could suppress cell proliferation.Conclusions The RAR-? gene expression defects play an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer.Aberrant methylation in promotor region of RAR-? gene may be an important mechanism for the loss of expression of RAR-? gene.

AIMTo prepare paclitaxel-loaded cationic chitosan micelles (PTX-CCM) and paclitaxel-loaded anionic chitosan micelles (PTX-ACM) and study the influence of surface charges on the biodistribution of paclitaxel-loaded chitosan polymeric micelles in mice.

METHODSPTX-CCM and PTX-ACM were prepared by dialysis method and were administered to mice by caudal vein at a dose of 20 mg x kg(-1) body weight. The RP-HPLC method was established to determine the PTX concentrations in the plasma and other tissues of mice. The tissues distribution of PTX-CCM and PTX-ACM were evaluated by the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, MRT).

RESULTSThe diameter and zeta potential of PTX-CCM were 164 nm and +23.7 mV, while those of PTX-ACM were 180 nm and -28.0 mV, respectively. The drug loading and drug encapsulation efficiency for PTX-CCM were 26.4% (w/w) and 76.2% , while those of PTX-ACM were 34.6% (w/w) and 89.9%, respectively. The highest uptake of PTX-CCM and PTX-ACM in liver were 64.72% and 91.84% of dose, respectively. Meanwhile, MRT of both were 5.50 h and 51.39 h prolonged. The highest uptake of PTX-CCM and PTX-ACM in spleen were 7.08% and 5.16% of dose, respectively. Meanwhile, MRT of both were 9.04 h and 26.82 h. For PTX-CCM group, the AUC and C(max) of PTX in the lung were 2.71 times and 5.87 times of those of PTX-ACM group respectively. While in both PTX-CCM and PTX-ACM groups, the highest uptake of PTX in the heart were only 0.36% and 0.24% of dose, respectively and PTX in the kidney were only 0.75% and 0.33% of dose respectively.

CONCLUSIONPTX-CCM and PTX-ACM showed excellent drug loading capabilities with amount of cationic charges and anionic charges on their surface, respectively. Both PTX-CCM and PTX-ACM groups showed a higher targeting efficiency in the liver and spleen in vivo and accumulated in both tissues for relatively long time, especially in PTX-ACM group. In contrast to PTX-ACM, PTX-CCM showed a higher lung targeting efficiency in vivo while PTX-ACM had a stronger retention ability in the lung. Meanwhile in both groups the levels of PTX in the heart and kidney tissues were significantly lower which might decrease the side effects of PTX.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Micelles ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Particle Size ; Spleen ; metabolism ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Distribution

BACKGROUNDMarked interindividual variation exists in blood pressure response to benazepril, which is considered to have genetic basis. Our objectives were to evaluate whether the E112D polymorphism in the prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) gene has impact on blood pressure response to benazepril.

METHODSHypertensive patients from Huoqiu County and Yuexi County of Anhui Province received daily treatment with an oral dosage of 10 mg benazepril for 15 days. Genotypes of the E112D polymorphism in the PRCP gene were determined by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Multivariate linear and Logistic regressions using generalized estimating equation model were performed in a total of 1092 patients to evaluate the association of PRCP genotypes and blood pressure response to benazepril.

RESULTSPatients carrying ED or DD genotype had a less systolic blood pressure reduction (adjusted beta = -3.7 + or - 1.1, P < 0.001), a less diastolic blood pressure reduction (adjusted beta = -3.1 + or - 0.8, P < 0.001) and a lower percentage of reaching target blood pressure defined as SBP lower than 140 mmHg and DBP lower than 90 mmHg (adjusted OR = 0.6, P = 0.005) than those patients carrying EE genotype. In addition, the results from stratified analysis by county (Huoqiu or Yuexi) were similar to those observed in the pooled population.

CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that the E112D polymorphism in the PRCP gene may be a useful genetic marker to predict the antihypertensive effect of short-term benazepril treatment in hypertensive patients of Anhui Province, China.

Adult ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzazepines ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Carboxypeptidases ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; physiology ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dust ; analysis ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Quartz ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristic findings of an anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung without the pulmonary artery on spiral CT and discuss its nomenclature.

METHODSFour cases of anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left basal segment of the lung without the pulmonary artery were retrospectively reviewed with analysis of the characteristic CT findings.

RESULTSOn spiral CT scans, the involved left lower lung including the entire left basal segments (n=2), the lateral and posterior basal segment (n=1), and the anterior, medial, and posterior basal segment (n=1) had mild volume loss and areas of ground-glass opacity but with normal bronchial trees. The absence of the entire or part of the basal segments of the normal left lower lobar pulmonary artery, anomalous systemic artery originating from the abdominal aorta, diffuse dilatation of the systemic arterial branches distributed in the basal segments of the left lower lobe, and left lower pulmonary venous drainage into left atrium were found in all these patients.

CONCLUSIONThis anomaly presents with characteristic findings on chest spiral CT, for which the nomenclature of local absent pulmonary artery better shows the characteristics of the disease.

Adult ; Aorta, Abdominal ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Terminology as Topic ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Atherosclerosis ; blood ; prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; drug therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic