This paper presents the common psychological problems and the efficacy of psychological warfare in modern ages, suggesting that enough emphasis should be paid to the psychological injury caused by the war itself and by psychological warfare. The related researches in our country were also reviewed.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance situation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with refractory pulmonary infection,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:The sputum and BALF specimen of 136 inpatients with refractory pulmonary infection from the First People’s Hospital of Zhenjiang City from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 were cultured and identified,pathogen detection was compared,and results of drug sensitivity test for pathogen in BALF specimen was analyzed. RESULTS:The positive rates of sputum and BALF specimen of 136 inpatients were 22.06%and 47.79%,with statistical significance(P<0.01);a total of 32 and 72 strains were isolated,they mainly were Ste-notrophomonas maltophilia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. S. maltophilia in BALF was sensitive to minocycline and levofloxacin;resistance rate of P. aeruginosa to common antibiotics was lower than 50%;A. baumannii was sensitive to imipenem,ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium,amikacin and minocycline;S. aureus was sen-sitive to linezolid,chloramphenicol and vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS:The positive rate of BALF specimen is higher than spu-tum,the pathogens are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Clinic should rationally select antibiotics based on the drug sensitivity test and clinical symptoms.

Objective To observe the expression of anti-cardiac myosin antibody(AMA) and the collagen volume fraction(CVF) in serum in mice with chronic viral myocarditis(CVMC),and to explore the preventive and protective function of oxymatrine on myocardium.Methods BALB/c mice(n=60) were infected with coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) of increased dose biweekly to establish CVMC model.Mice in normal control group(n=8) received equal-volume 9 g?L-1 saline without CVB3 at the same time.The surviving mice in CVMC model group were randomly divided into CVMC control group(n=8) and oxymatrine therapy group(n=8) at the 42th day.From then on,mice in oxymatrine therapy group were treated with oxymatrine at the dose of 100 mg?kg-1?d-1 by gastric perfusion once a day for 28 days,and meanwhile mice in CVMC control group and the normal control group received equal-volume 9 g?L-1 saline by gastric perfusion every day.Then all mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment.The ratio between heart weight to body weight(HW/BW) was calculated.Myocardium slides were stained with collagen specific Picric acid-Sirius red staining,and the CVF was calculated with image analysis software.The serum level of AMA(optical density value,A value) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results HW/BW(0.007 9?0.000 3),CVF [(15.30?1.08)%] and the A value of AMA(0.286?0.053) in mice of CVMC control group were increased significantly compared with those in normal control group HW/BW(0.005 5?0.000 2),CVF[(6.84?1.11)%],the A value of AMA(0.160?0.050)(Pa

Caco-2 cell monolayer model is widely utilized in drug absorption study and 12-well transwellTM plates were commonly used to study the absorption of different kinds of natural products. To establish a stable method for the study of traditional Chinese medicine prescription, 6-well plates were chosen because of the larger well volumes than 12-well plates. To study the impacts of collagen kinds, coating density as well as coating time on the cell culture, the transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on different collagen coating transwells was determined, and the permeations of propranolol and atenolol as standard markers were detected with HPLC. The results showed that the kinds of collagen, the different coating densities and coating time of rat tail collagen had no significant influences on the Caco-2 cell monolayer integrality and absorption capacity. 6-well plates coated with 2 micro g Scm-2 rat tail collagen for 1 hour were enough reliable and suitable for the study of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in vitro.
Adsorption ; Animals ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Drug Prescriptions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; Time Factors

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effect of endogenous nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimeth-ylarginine ( ADMA ) and its signaling pathways on NO levels and skeletal muscle contractility in 4-week running rats. METHODS:The 4 weeks running rat model was established.The twitch tension, tetanic tension and the fatigue test of sole-us muscle induced by electrical stimulation ex vivo were detected.The ATP content, mitochondrial DNA levels and the mR-NA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF) were measured to reflect the mitochondrial function and biosynthesis in the skeletal muscle.Serum ADMA concentration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography.The endogenous ADMA enzymes PRMT1 and 2 subtypes of ADMA me-tabolism enzyme DDAH, 3 subtypes of NOS protein expression in the skeletal muscle were determined by Western blot.NOS activity and nitric oxide ( NO) content were analyzed by colorimetric method.RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the twitch tension, tetanic tension and the anti-fatigue capability of soleus muscle in running group were significantly enhanced, ATP content, mitochondrial DNA content and the mRNA expression of PGC-1αand NRF were significantly in-creased (P<0.01).In addition, the protein expression of constitute type NOS (cNOS) and NOS activity were significantly increased (P<0.01), but the increase in NO content was relatively smaller in soleus muscle in exercise group (P<0.05). Moreover, serum ADMA concentration in running group was increased, while the DDAH2 expression in skeletal muscle was decreased.CONCLUSION:Short-term endurance exercise enhances the twitch tension, tetanic tension and fatigue resist-
ance of soleus muscle.The mechanism may be that increased cNOS expression feedbacks to increase ADMA concentration, thus maintaining the increase in NO synthesis at a relatively low level, and resulting in promoting skeletal muscle mitochon-dria biosynthesis and mitochondrial function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the estrogenic activity of icariin and genistein with estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.

METHODMCF-7 cells were incubated with media containing 5% charcoal dextran-treated FBS in phenol red-free media for 48 h. CCK-8 kit was used to study the impact of defferent concentration of icariin and genistein on MCF-7 proliferation in vitro. Optimal concentration icariin and genistein were added into medium and total RNA was isolated after 12, 24, 36, 48 h. The gene expression of ERalpha, ERbeta, PS2, and PR were investigated by Real-time RT-PCR Total protein was also isolated and secretion of ERalpha, ERbeta, PS2, and PR were examined by Western blot.

RESULT10 micromol x L(-1) icariin and genistein could promote the proliferation of MCF-7 evidently. However, the ability of genistein to promote the proliferation was better than icariin. With the concentration of 10 micromol x L(-1), genistein group had a stronger expression of ERa, PS2 and PR mRNA levels than icariin while ERbetaexpression had no significant difference in two group. The same effects were detected by western blotting.

CONCLUSIONBoth genistein and icariin have a strong estrogen-like effect, but the estrogenic activity of genistein is stronger than icariin. It showed that the activity of icariin is stron-ger than genistein to promote ROB maturation. So it must be that icariin promotes the maturation of osteoblasts in vitro by a estogen-independent mechanism.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Presenilin-2 ; metabolism

Objective:To observe the adverse reactions of killer cytokine-induced (CIK) in the treatment of malignant tumor and to analyze the possible mechanism ,and to develop the targeted prevention and treatment measures .Methods: The clinical data, including various adverse reactions , laboratory tests and the corresponding preventive measures against adverse reactions .In 1 240 patients with malignant tumor after treated with CIK cells from May 2013 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed .Results:The main adverse reactions after the first infusion of CIK cells were weak (10%),fever(7.25%),shiver (4%),arthralgia (3%),systemic in flammatory response syndrome reaction ( 3%) , digestive tract discomfort ( 0.96%) , acute allergic reaction ( 0.08%) , rash (0.08%),angina pectoris (0.08%),tumor lysis syndrome(0%),infection(0%).With the increase of the treatment ,the incidence of adverse reactions increased and the fever was the main performance ,after the fourth course into the platform .The combination of blood pressure increased or decreased and severe allergic reaction and systemic inflammatory response syndrome was needed to be treated .The CIK cells were pretreated before treatment could reduce the incidence of these reactions .Conclusion:CIK cells therapy is a safe and effective adoptive immunotherapy for malignant tumor and its adverse reactions can be treated expectantly , but rare adverse reactions may have potential risks .

AIM:To investigate the influence of calorie restriction ( CR) on contractility and mitochondrial bi-osynthesis in different types of rat skeletal muscles .METHODS:CR rat model was set up by feeding 60%normal food in-take of control rat every day for 8 weeks.Soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were isolated under anesthe-sia.The twitch tension, titanic tension and fatigue resistance of SOL and EDL in response to electrical stimulation were measured to reflect the contractile function of the muscles .The copy number ratio of mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxi-dase subunit I ( COX I) to nuclear gene β-actin was determined to evaluate the mitochondrial biosynthesis .ATP content was measured to mirror mitochondrial function .RESULTS:Compared with control group , CR for 8 weeks significantly in-creased twitch tension and titanic tension of both SOL and EDL , but only improved fatigue resistance in SOL .Markedly in-crease in ATP content in both skeletal muscles by CR intervention was observed , especially in SOL .Although CR activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in both 2 muscles, up-regulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis and transcription of mitochondrial regulatory genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γcoactivator 1α( PGC-1α) and nuclear respirato-ry factor ( NRF) was only observed in SOL .CONCLUSION:CR for 8 weeks enhanced the contractility of both rat SOL and EDL in response to electrical stimulation , especially in SOL composed of slow-twitch fibers.The mechanisms may be related to the activation of AMPK and the promotion of mitochondrial biosynthesis in SOL .

Objective To detect the pre- and post-treatment levels of serum interleukin (IL-20) in asthmatic patients during the acute exacerbation period and to investigate the role of IL-20 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and relative clinical significance. Methods Forty-five cases of mild to moderate asthma outpatients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 2013 to October 2013 were chosen as the asthma group and 32 healthy people who underwent routine physical examination as the control group. All the patients were treated with inhalation salmeterol and fluticasone 50/250 μg/μg (sucking twice a day) together with ventolin if necessary , and even with theophylline sustained-release tablets as the additional treatment in moderate asthma group for 1 week. The serum levels of IL-20 as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected by ELISA in the asthma group before and after treatment as well as in the control group. Other data including ECP , the number of eosinophil ceils (EOS) and the pulmonary function (FEV1%) were detected as well. The differences of IL-20 levels between the asthma group before and after treatment and the control group were analyzed and the correlation between IL-20 and Ig E, EOS, ECP and FEV1% were analyzed. Results Compared with the healthy control group [(13.58 ± 6.17)pg/L], the levels of IL-20 in the mild and moderate asthma pretreatment group were significantly increased [(23.43 ± 13.60)pg/L and (33.78 ± 22.69)pg/L]. Compared with the mild asthma group, the levels of IL-20 in the moderate asthma pretreatment group were significantly higher. After treatment , the levels of IL-20 [(15.73 ± 8.27)pg/L and (19.64 ± 11.69)pg/L] were decreased respectively in the asthmatic patients. The Pearson correlative analysis showed that there were positive correlations between the levels of 1L-20 and IgE , EOS and ECP respectively and there were negative correlations between IL-20 levels and FEV1%. Conclusion IL-20 may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Objective:To observe the expression of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 in tissues from 20 cases of normal esophageal mucosa,68 cases of precancerous lesions including 21 cases of mild atypical hyperplasia,22 cases of atypical hyperplasia,25 cases of severe atypical hyperplasia and cancer tissues from 34 esophageal cancer patients.The relationship between the expression of the three in esophageal carcinoma was analysed.Results: Re-spectively,the positive expression rate of Ki-67 in normal esophageal mucosa, mild atypical hyperplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma was 0%( 0/20 ) , 23.8%( 5/21 ) , 40.9%( 9/22 ) , 76.0%( 19/25 ) , 82.4%( 28/34 ) and the positive expression rate of P53 was 0%(0/20),14.3%(3/21),31.8%(7/22),48.0%(12/25),67.6%(23/34) and the positive expression rate of LAT1 was 0%( 0/20 ) , 19.0%( 4/21 ) , 36.4%( 8/22 ) , 52.0%( 13/25 ) , 76.5%( 26/34 ).The rank correlation analysis showed that the positive expression of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 were significantly correlated with histological grade(r=0.626,0.427, 0.586,P<0.01) and the expression of Ki-67,P53 was positively correlated with LAT1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues(r=0.428, 0.596,P<0.01).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Ki-67,P53,LAT1 protein was significant related to carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer and the combined detection of the three has important clinical significance.