To discuss long-term changes of refractive status in children after congenital cataract intraocular lens ( lOL) implantation and analyze its related influence factors.METHODS: Seventy cases ( 110 eyes ) with congenital cataract from January 2013 to January 2014 in our hospital were selected, according to the age of patients, they were divided into group A (<2 years old), group B (2~6 years old) , group C ( 7 ~ 12 years old ) . They were all given cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation in congenital cataract. Corneal curvature, axial length, refractive status of three groups after operation were compared, the influence factors ocular axis changes were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in corneal curvature of groups A, B, and C after operation ( P>0. 05 );The differences had statistical significances of the corneal curvature of group A after surgery and 3mo after operation (P<0. 05), there were no significant differences of the corneal curvature of group B, group C after surgery and 3mo after operation (P>0. 05);the corneal curvature 3mo after operation of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (P<0. 05), there were no significant differences in the corneal curvature between group B, and group C after 3mo ( P>0. 05 ); There were no statistical significances on axial length after operation in groups A, B, and C (P>0. 05);Ocular axial length difference of group A 3mo after surgery was significantly higher than that of groups B and C ( P < 0. 05 ), ocular axial length had no statistical difference of group B, group c 3mo after surgery ( P>0. 05). Refractive status of three groups after operation showed myopia moving trend, refractive change rate and refractive diopter of group A after operation was significantly higher than that of group B, group C, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: After congenital cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation, patients present myopia refractive state trend. Performance of children below 2 years old is significant. The main factor of myopia is axial growth.

Objective: To investigate the influence of ischemic and pinacidil preconditioning on the activity of NF-?B and its myocardial protective effects.Methods: Eighty isolated rabbit hearts were randomized into five groups(Group C?K?I?P?G).Hearts were removed and mounted in a Langendorff apparatus perfused with 37℃ oxygenated Krebs-Henselet buffer.All groups were subjected to gobal myocardial ischemia for 40 min and reperfusion for 60 min or 120 min.Cardiac functions were monitored at 10 min equilibration ?15 min?30 min?60 min and 120 min reperfusion;Coronary flow(CF) was measured at 10 min equilibration and 30 min reperfusion;Expression of NF-?B P65 was determined at 10 min equilibration?60 min and 120min reperfusion.Results:(1)After ischemic reperfusion,the recovery of cardiac function and CF in Group I and Group P was significantly superior to that in Group C and Group K(P

[Objective]To establish a scoring standard of operative risk assessment for the orthopaedic surgery and evaluate the reliability of it.[Method]Anivariable analysis was performed for the preoperative and intraoperative clinical data of 768 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery from Jan.2001 to Dec.2008,the risk factors associated with orthopaedic surgery were selected.Then multivariable analysis with logistic regression was performed for the selected risk factors.The scoring standard was made through these data.Reliability of the standard was evaluated by predicting of 160 patients in spinal surgery from 2006 to 2008,comparing with the real situation of each operation.[Result]Anivariable analysis showed age,heart function,blood pressure,electrocardiogram,sternum,liver function,renal function,albumin,blood sugar,number of operative variables within four weeks,magnitude,blood loss preoperation,timing of operation were risk factors.[Conclusion]The ORAOS could appropriately predict the occurrence of patients' postoperative complication before operation.

This paper reports the situation of the treatment for stroke and introduces stroke unit (SU) in overseas hospitals : its important role in the emergency treatment and rehabilitation, the characteristics, advantages and managing modes. Moreover,it discusses the possibility and necessity of establishing SU with characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To explore the content of the goals set by medical freshmen. Meth-ods 189 freshmen who major in clinic medicine were asked to answer the goals they set in the period of five years colleges’life,another 100 freshmen were selected to categorize the goals with high frequencies and then factor analysis were employed.Results 46 goals with high fre-quency can be classified into 11 factors. Conclusion Although the content of the goals set by the medical freshmen included some unreasonable points,it is basically in line with that of our present goals of cultivating medical students.

Objective To analyze the effects of TGF-β1 and p53 on expressions and mutations in smoked lung tissues.Methods Smoked rats model was built.The expressions of TGF-β1 and p53 in lung tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA in lung tissues were observed by trans-reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The mutations of p53 in exon 5,6,7-8 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction single-strandconformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP).Results The expressions of TGF-β1 in normal lung tissues were faint,and the expressions increased along with the smoking months (P ＜0.05).The positive ratio of protein expression was increased with prolonging smoking time.The mutation of p53 was increased with smoking time.The p53 exons 5,6,7-8 have mutations respectively.The ratio of mutations increased along with smoke months.Conclusion The expressions and mutations of TGF-β1 and p53 increase along with smoked time,which can be regarded as references for lung cancer diagnosis.

Chronic diarrhea in children is often accompanied by malnutrition,growth disorders,immune dis-function and repeated infection due to deferment diarrhea and malabsorption of nutrients, which could influence the physical and mental development of children. The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic diarrhea are complex. The causes of chronic diarrhea are different in children with different ages,different regions and countries.

Objective To evaluate the dynamic MR imaging findings of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (PCC) of the liver. Methods Seventeen patients with PCC underwent dynamic MRI during the early, middle, and delayed phase after contrast medium administration. Enhancement pattern of the tumor, the wedge-like enhancement area peripheral to the tumor, dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts, vascular involvement, and extrahepatic tumor invasion were evaluated. Results Early peripheral enhancement with progressive and concentric filling by contrast medium was the most frequent enhancement pattern (9 patients). A wedge-like enhancement area was observed in 10 patients. Ductal dilatation was found in 11 patients. Vascular involvement and extrahepatic invasion were seen in 8 and 2 patients, respectively. Conclusion Enhancement pattern is relative to the character of pathology (quantity and distribution of cell and fibrosis). Early peripheral enhancement with progressive and concentric filling by contrast medium may be specific for PCC.

Objective To investigate the stability and comparability of recombinant human muscle creatine kinase isozyme(CK-MM)in different matrix,and to find out a suitable matrix as a reference material for application of CK measurement system.Methods The stability of the recombinant CK-MM was observed by measuring its catalytic activity in self-made matrix,anti-freeze additive matrix,the certified reference material(CRM)matrix and human serum matrix respectively.For understanding the commutability among different measurement system total CK catalytic activity in various concentration of human serum and the catalytic activity of recombinant CK-MM in different matrix specimen were measured with IFCC recommended reference method and routine reagent produced by Roche and Zhongsheng Diagnostic Company respectively.Results The recombinant CK-MM was stable for 25 days in the self-made matrix,23 days in CRM matrix and at least 240 days in antifreeze additive matrix stored at-20 ℃.The recombinant enzyme protein in self-made matrix and CRM matrix was commutable.Low concentrations of recombinant CK-MM in human serum and in anti-freeze additive matrix were also commutable.Conclusion The recombinant CK-MM had good stability and commutability in either self-made matrix or CRM matrix.It might be used as a candidate reference material for the determination of total creatine kinase in serum.

Recent studies of immunology have aroused new interest in regulatory T cell for immune responses,and scientists have recognized that suppressor T cells exist in vivo and regulatory T(Treg) cells play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.This article reviews the types,characteristics,mechanisms,and roles of Treg in immune tolerance,aiming to offer some important theoretical evidence for the treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases.