Background Acute stress can provoke the apoptosis of retina cells and induce increasing expression of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)in retina.However,the role of CGRP in pathology of the stressinduced apoptosis of the retina ceils is still elusive.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous CGRP on retinal cell apoptosis induced by stress of acute myocardial ischemia after coronary artery occlusion in rats. Methods The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery in 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats.The rats were randomized into CGRP8-37 injection group and normal saline injection group,6 rats 12 eyes for every group.CGRP8-37(10-7 mol/L),a specific antagonist of CGRP receptor,was intravenously injected in CGRP8-37 group by caudal vine at 15 minutes prior to the coronary artery occlusion,and the equivalent amount of normal saline was used at the same fashion in normal saline group.The retinal samples of the rats were collected at 3 hours after coronary artery occlusion for TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity detection respectively. Results The cellular displacement was observed in inner and outer nuclear layer,and vacuolar degeneration of retinal ganglion cells was found in the coronary artery occlusion animals.The total apoptosis index of retinal cells in CGRP8-37 group was significantly higher than that in normal saline group (42.8％±2.8％ vs 37.5％±2.9％,t=-3.244,P<0.01).The retinal capase-3 activity was significantly enhanced in the CGRP8-37 group compared with saline group(11.3±3.1 fold vs 4.9±1.2 fold,t=-4.603,P<0.01)at 3 hours of coronary artery occlusion.Conclusion The results suggest that the endogenous CGRP may play an anti-apoptotic role in the stress.induced retinal cell injury.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Animals ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Pneumonia ; genetics ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the effect of multidisciplinary intervention on antimicrobial prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection.Methods By standardizing preoperative disinfection and surgical procedures, training and education of antimicrobial use, conducting quality control activities, and performing periodic feedback of supervised results, efficacy of improvement of antimicrobial prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection in a hospital was observed.Results In 2013 and 2014, incidences of surgical site infection(SSI) were 7.66%(17/222)and 6.80%(27/397) respectively,there was no significant difference between two groups(X2 =0.158,P>0.05).Prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in surgical patients were as follows: cefuroxime(n=495), cefazolin(n=103), cefathiamidine(n=9), clindamycin(n=8), and cefotaxime(n=4), types of used antimicrobial agents were rational.In 2014, the implementation rate of necessary intra-operative antimicrobial adding was 95.02%, which was higher than 87.66% in 2013(X2=7.969,P<0.05), 30.73% of patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis for>48 hours, which was lower than 57.66% in 2013, difference was significant(X2=42.88,P<0.05).Conclusion Multi-intervention measures, including standard preoperative disinfection and surgical procedures, education and training, quality control circle, and feedback of supervised results can improve standard antimicrobial prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection.

Objective To study the clinical application of quantitative ultrasound(QUS) which evaluate skeletal status of children and adolescents.Methods Subjects were children and adolescents aged 0-18 years old.Tibia/radial bone strength was obtained using QUS.Children who were younger than 2 years old only were measured at midpiece of tibia,and children who were older than 2 years old were measu-red at midpiece of tibia and radius.At the same time,calcium in peripheral blood was measured by the method of atomic absorption.Results 1.Radial and tibial bone strength presented nonlinear growth with age in healthy children and adolescents.2.Bone strengths of different anatomic-sites were different and the disparity rate of evaluation at different anatomic sites was 30.1%.3.The bone strength of the children who had some risk factors that could induce decrease of bone strength or had some diseases of bone metabolism was lower than healthy children.Composition of low bone strength children was 71.1% in high risk children,and was 47.9% in those who had some symptom or physical sign of calcium deficiency.4.Composition of low bone strength children was 44.2% in those who had normal peripheral blood calcium,and composition of normal bone strength children in those who had low peripheral blood calcium was 59.7%.The 2 methods had no correlation.Conclusions QUS is a quite useful technique in evaluation skeletal status of children and adolescents,and is sensitive for high risk children.It is necessary to measure radius and tibia,and consider blood calcium and bone strength to evaluate practical level of calcium and nutritional state of children.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of acetic acid and succinic acid in Banxia syrup. METHODS:RP-HPLC was performed on the column of GL InterSustain-C18 with mobile phase of 0.03 mol/L ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate buffer solution(pH2.0)-methanol(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.020 98-0.209 8 μg/ml for acetic acid(0.999 9)and 12.04-120.4 μg/ml for succinic acid(r=0.999 9);limits of quantification were 0.15,18.24 ng,limits of detection were 0.045, 5.53 ng;RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.45%-101.68%(RSD=1.39%,n=9) and 98.31%-101.08%(RSD=1.01%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate and rapid,and suitable for the simultaneous determination of acetic acid and succinic acid in Banxia syrup.

Many studies indicate that lymphoid neoplasms are related with chromosome translocations and the molecular alterations involving in the cell cycle and/or apoptotic pathways. However, survival of B and T tumor cells also depends on interactions of these cells with the accompanying cells comprising the lymphoma microenvironment. Immune cells, stromal cells and numerous molecular together make up the microenvironment and have functional interaction with tumor cells, promoting tumor growth and drug resistance. Different types of lymphoma have various clinical courses, therapy responses and prognoses, which show a close relationship with the microenvironment. This review summarizes several components of lymphoma microenvironment including macrophages, adhesion molecules and chemokines and the roles of microenvironment in classic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, suggesting that the microenvironment influence the prognosis of lymphoma, targeting microenvironment may be a potential method in lymphoma therapy.
Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Cycle ; Chemokines ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophages ; Tumor Microenvironment

Some animal model experiments have found that salidroside has protective effect for injuries in various neurons and brain tissue induced by various causes,so it is expected to be used in the prevention and treatment of peripheral nerve injury,and cerebral ischemic and neurodegenerative diseases,such as cerebral infarction,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,epilepsy,depression,Tourette syndrome,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and diabetic encephalopathy.Its mechanisms of neuroprotection are multiple:(1) Salidroside protects neurons and stem cells from apoptotic injury by antioxidation,blocking NOX2/ROS/MAPKs and REDD 1/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathways,and promoting AMPK/SIRT1,RhoA-MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways against various injurious factors-induced oxidative stress,inhibiting expression of inflammatory cytokines,preventing intracellular Ca2+ overload and caspase-3 activation;(2) Salidroside obstructs endogenous amyloid-β production by inhibition of expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and β-secretase activity.(3) Salidroside accelerates repair,regeneration and functional recovery of nerve by block Notch signaling pathway,and promoting BMP signaling pathway,super-regulating expression of neurotrophic factors,inducing neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural cells,and improving proliferation and function of Schwann cells.

Oleanolic acid has a widespread pharmacologic effect,including anti-inflammation,antitumor,anfidiabetes,anti-atherosclerosis,hepatoprotection,anti-osteoporosis,etc.Bioavailability of oleanolic acid by oral administration is low,and is absorbed by intestine through passive transport.Oleanolic acid dispersion preparation can increase its solubility and bioavailability,and concentrate on liver to help treat for hepatic disease.The pharmacokinetic parameters,process in body of oleanolic acid,and the pharmacokinetic feature of oleanolic acid dispersion and its prodrug are reviewed,and its research advance on pharmacokinetics is summarized,which provides a reference for rational utilization of oleanolic acid.

Ursolic and oleanolic acids antagonize ox-LDL-,C-reactive protein-,non-enzymatic glycation end products-,hyper-glucose-,H2O2-,lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury,and their vascular pharmacologic effects are in many ways.Ursolic and oleanolic acids can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells,and antagonize serum-,ox-LDL-,hyper-glucose-,leptin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation,thus produce vascular protection and improve vascular function;Ursolic and oleanolic acids can relieve diabetic vascular complication in diabetic mellitus rats,and vascular stenosis induced by carotid balloon catheter injury,and suppress the proliferation of vascular adventitial fibroblasts and prevent vascular stenosis induced by various experimental atherosclerosis models;they can also inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells,and have a dual action to antagonize inhibiting or promoting proliferation induced by various injurious factions.Thus they have a dual role of regulation in angiogenesis,and suppress angiogenesis of cornea,diabetic retina,and tumor tissues,have effects of vascular relaxation and resistance decrease,and have hypotensive effects in normal and various hypertensive animals.