The selection of the prosthetic material determine the success or failure of hip arthroplasty. Currently, the metals, ceramics, polymer composites and carbon materials are the main prosthetic materials of artificial hip joint. They have some progresses in biocompatibility, elastic modulus,mechanical properties, useful life, but they still can't reach the ideal standard of design. In this essay, we mainly review the characteristics and applications of the current artificial hip joint materials through its classification in order to provide a reference for choosing appropriate hip joint materials in clinic and increasing characteristic of materials. We consider the polymer composites has more advantages such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and price, even if it has shortages in abrasion resistance. As the researches of polymer composites are main focus on abrasion resistance, articular surface and strength,and its performances are increased fast, it has a wide prospect in future.
Animals ; Hip Dislocation ; surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; standards ; utilization ; Humans

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetic heterogeneous disease in which primordial and juvenile myeloid cells proliferate or accumulate abnormally in bone marrow, peripheral blood and other tissues, resulting in damage to normal hematopoietic function. Studies have shown that about 30% of AML patients have FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), FLT3 abnormal regulation is closely related to the occurrence and development of AML. At present, FLT3 has become an important target for developing small molecular targeted drugs. Currently, a variety of FLT3 inhibitors and FLT3 degraders have been developed targeting FLT3, and some compounds have exhibited good anti-AML activity. This article summarizes and sorts out the current mainstream drugs for AML therapeutic targeting FLT3, in order to provide a reference for the development and design of AML drugs.

A reliable method for simultaneous determinition of eleven representative components (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide and secoxyloganin) in combination of chromatographic fingerpint analysis for Reduning injection was developed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The method was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 anlytical column (3. 0 mm x 100 mm, 1. 8 µm) with a guard column of Agilent UPLC Guard ZORBAX SB-C18 (3.0 mm x 5 mm) at the column temperature of 30 °C. The gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0. 1% phosphoric acid (B) with a flow rate of 0. 4 mL . min-1. The injection volumn was 2 µL. The detection wavelengths were set at 324 nm and 238 nm for quantit tive analysis and 225 nm for fingerpint chromatography. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide and secoxyloganin were baseline seperated with good linearity relationships (r >0. 999) between concentration and peak areas over the linear ranges. The average recoverys of the investigated compounds were 103.5%, 100. 2%, 103. 3%, 102. 8%, 101. 3%, 102. 8%, 97. 36%, 99. 62%, 98. 16%, 102. 8%, 99. 27%, respectively. Reduning injection of forty-five batches was analyzed by UPLC finge print chromatography. Thirty batches were selected to generate the reference fringerprint chromatography with fourteen common peaks. The similarity values between the reference fringerprint chromatography and the remaining fifteen batches were higher than 0. 99. The developed method was fast, accurate and sensitive. It could be used as a reference for the quality control of multiple components determination and fingerprint chromatography for Reduning injection in future.
Chlorogenic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors

N-Benzyl matrinol was obtained by hydrolysis, benzylation and reduction reaction from matrine. A series of hybrids (8a-8n) from (phenylsulfonyl)furoxan and N-benzyl matrinol were synthesized and biologically evaluated as anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agents. All target compounds were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against human hepatocellular Bel-7402, SMMC-7721, Bel-7404, and HepG2 cells in vitro by MTT method. The results indicated that all of these compounds had potent anti-proliferative activity which were more potent than their parent compound and 5-FU, especially 8a-8h and 8j showed the strongest anti-HCC HepG2 cell activity with IC50 values of 0.12-0.93 μmol x L(-1).
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Fluorouracil ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Oxadiazoles ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effects of quercetin on central neurons against chronic high glucose in central neurons, in relation to Nrf2/ARE/Glo-1 activation. METHODS SH- SY5Y cells were cultured with high glucose (HG, 70 mmol · L- 1), 4- fold of the normal glucose (17.5 mmol · L- 1). Quercetin was set three concentrations (5, 10, 20 μmol · L- 1), with Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SFN) as a positive group (2.5 μmol·L-1). After 72 h, cells were collected for glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) activity and GSH level were by spectrophotometry; advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as well as nuclear Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 levels by immunofluorescence; Glo-1, γ-glutamycysteine synthase (γ-GCS), Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 protein levels by Western blotting, and Glo-1 and γ-GCS mRNA levels by real-time qPCR. RESULTS Quercetin increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells, and upregulated the levels of Glo-1 activity, protein, and mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with HG, accompanied by the elevated levels of glutathione, a cofactor of Glo-1 activity, and the reduced levels of AGEs. Meanwhile, quercetin could increase p- Nrf2 and Nrf2 levels in nucleus as well as p- Nrf2 levels in cytosol of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to chronic HG, accompanied by the elevated protein expression and mRNA levels of γ- GCS, a known target gene of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Moreover, a PKC activator or a p38 MAPK inhibitor pretreatment could significantly increase the protein expression of γ-GCS in HG condition, but an alkylating agent for sulfydryl of cysteine in Keap 1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, pretreatment only showed an increased tendency of γ-GCS protein, compared with without pretreatment; however, after pretreatment with those tool drugs, co-treatment with quercetin and HG had similar results to those of single tool drug pretreatment followed by HG exposure. CONCLUSION Firstly, quercetin can enhance Glo-1 function in central neurons, which is mediated by activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway, then exerts the neuroprotection against HG induced damage; moreover, PKC and p38 MAPK pathways may be involved in Nrf2 inactivation in chronic HG condition.

Objective To monitor the quality changes of iodized salt and analyze its impact factor in Chongqing between 2001 and 2009. Methods Salt samples were collected according to the east, west, south,north and center locations in iodized salt production, wholesale and household sectors. Two units in iodized salt production and wholesale segment were sampled from north, south, east and west places and only 1 unit was sampled from the central place. Nine samples were collected every month in each place. If the place had less than 9 units, and then taken all the units. About resident household, 2 townships were sampled from north, south, east and west places, and 1 township was sampled from the central place, then 20 samples were collected from each township. Iodine content was detected by oxidation-reduction assay. The index of mean iodine, qualified rate from factories and wholesale, coverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt in residents were calculated.Significance was analyzed by trend test, analysis of variance and X2 test. Results The qualified rate of iodized salt from the manufacturers was 92.9%(13/14) in 2001 and the rate was 100.0% each year from 2002 to 2009. The qualified rates of iodized salt from the wholesale were 88.7%(282/318) - 99.8%(431/432). The rates of 2001 and 2002 were lower than that of other years(X2 = 4.98 - 45.69, all P< 0.05 or < 0.01). The coverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt in residents were 94.2% (11 154/11 841 ) - 98.9% ( 14 061/14 217), 83.5% (9 887/11 841 ) -95.8% (13 449/14 039), respectively. The rates showed an increasing tendency (F = 9.27, 26.39, all P < 0.05).The districts(counties) with qualified iodized salt consumption rate > 90% kept increasing. The mean iodine from the manufacturers and wholesale were 29.71 - 36.25, and 31.26 - 36.13 mg/kg, respectively. The iodine level showed a descending trend(F = 35.45, 140.59, all P < 0.01 ). The mean iodine level from the inhabitants were 28.84 - 30.98 mg/kg which remained stable (F = 3.05, P > 0.05 ). The iodine level from manufacturers, wholesale to inhabitants showed an descending trend(F = 38.46 - 671.23, all P < 0.01 ). Conclusions The surveillance results of iodized salt shows an increasing tendency in quality of iodized salt, eoverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt. Factors that affect the quality of iodized salt is that the enterprise does not add iodine to salt strictly by the standard.

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Methods Total RNA was extracted from Sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking, Sj26GST and Sj32 antigen gene was respectively amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA; Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene obtained with gene splicing by overlap extension(SOEing) was cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28α and transformed into Escherichia coli BL2 (DE3) to construct pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32;BL21 (pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32) was induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG), and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting. Results The 1991 bp Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene was successfully amplified by gene SOEing and cloned into pET28α by restriction analysis and PCR identification, the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 was successfully constructed; the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 69 × 103 by SDS-PAGE, and the amount of the expressed protein was 25% of the total bacterial proteins; the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with Sj by Western blotting.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 is successfully constructed and highly expressed in Escherichia coli in fused form with His-tag, and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST of Schistosoma japonicum(sj)in Escherichia coli(E.coli)B121(DE3).Methods The total RNA was extracted from sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking,Sj26GST antigen gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA,then cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET32α(+) and transformed into E.coli B12(DE3)to construct pET32α-Sj26GST;BL21(pET32α-Sj26GST)WaS induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid(IPTG),and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The 676 bp Sj26GST gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pET32α(+)by restriction analysis and PCR identification,the recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST was successfully constructed;the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 49×103 by SDS-PAGE,and the amount of the expressed protein was 24%of the total bacterial proteins;the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with sj by Western blot.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST is successfully constructed and highly expressed in E.coli in fused form with Trx-tag and His-tag,and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

G,the noval insertion mutation of c.2298_2299insC is identified in Chinese patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical anesthesia value of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) combined with general intravenous anesthesia in endoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy patients.

METHODSTotally 60 patients who underwent endoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy were equally randomly assigned to 2 groups, the treatment group and the control group, 30 in each group. Patients in the treatment group received TAES combined general intravenous anesthesia, while those in the control group received total intravenous anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained by target controlled infusion of propofolum combined constant speed infusion of remifentanil in the two groups. TAES was maintained from 30 min before anesthesia induction to the end of endoscopic thyroidectomy at bilateral Hegu (L14) and Neiguan (PC6). The mean artery pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at different time points of anesthesia, i.e., immediately after entry into the operating room (TO), immediately after intubation (T1), 5 min after intubation (T2), 5 min before incision (T3), 5 min after incision (T4), 30 min after inflation (T5), at the end of surgery (T6), 5 min before extubation (T7), immediately after extubation 0 (T8), and 5 min after extubation (T9). The concentration of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured at TO, T3, T5, and T6. The target concentration of propofol was also recorded at T3, T4, and T5.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the operation time between the two groups (P >0.05). Compared with TO in the same group, HR at T3-T4 decreased and increased at T8-T9, and MAP increased at T7-T9 in the treatment group; HR decreased at T3 and increased at T7-T9, MAP increased at T1, T5, T7-T9, and MAP decreased at T2-T3 in the control group. IL-6 increased at T5-T6, while TNF-alpha decreased at T6 in the two groups (P <0.01,P <0.05). Compared with the control group at the same time point, HR decreased at T6-T9, MAP decreased at T1, T4, T5, T7-T9, MAP increased at T3, and IL-6 decreased at T5-T6 in the treatment group (P <0. 05). The concentration and the total amount of propofol were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0.01,P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTAES could maintain the hemodynamics more stably and inhibit the stress response in endoscopic thyroidectomy. It also reduce the dosage of anesthetics and improve the safety of anesthesia.

Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Electric Stimulation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Piperidines ; Propofol ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha