Extraction is the critical link during pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is directly related to the quality of drugs. So the key to technology upgrading of pharmaceutical equipment in Chinese materia medica enterprise is the development of new extraction techniques, which concerns the modernization of TCM. In this paper, fundamentals, traits, and development status of new extraction technologies were firstly introduced, including ultrasound extraction, microwave extraction, super fluid extraction, semi-bionic extraction method, enzymatic treatment extraction, continuous countercurrent extraction, vacuum extraction. Then information of projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China was analyzed in order to recognize the assistance and research results of new extraction techniques. The patents authorized by the State Intellectual Property Office were also summarized for the purpose of understanding the achievement transformation. The information about extraction equipments was collected and screened to acquire the characteristics and market situation. The results showed that there are still problems about new extraction technologies, such as weak basic study, hard transformation of achievements, and the disconnection between research study and practical application. It is necessary to discuss the approaches and methods for accelerating the transformation of fundamental research, which will provide references for the long-term development of new extraction techniques of TCM.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; methods ; trends ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Translational Medical Research ; trends

AIM:To investigate the role of microRNA-101-3p (miRNA-101-3p) on the proliferation, apopto-sis and invasion of gastric cancer cells and the possible regulatory mechanisms .METHODS: The expression of miRNA-101-3p in two kinds of gastric cancer cells and a gastric mucosal cell line was detected by real -time PCR.The miRNA-101-3p was overexpressed by Lipofectamine 2000 transfection with miRNA-101-3p mimics.The effects of miRNA-101-3p on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry .The effects of miRNA-101-3p on cell proliferation and migration abilities were detected by CCK-8 assay, trypan blue exclusion test and Transwell assay .The protein expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ( EZH2) was determined by Western blot .RESULTS: The expression of miRNA-101-3p in gastric cancer cells was lower than that in gastric mucosal cells (P<0.05).The gastric cancer cell MGC-803 had the low-est expression level of miRNA-101-3p.The result of flow cytometry showed that the population of S phase was reduced , and the population of G0/G1 phase and the early stage apoptotic rate were increased after the expression of miRNA-101-3p was overexpressed (P<0.05).The results of CCK-8 assay, trypan blue exclusion test and Transwell assay showed that overex-pression of miRNA-101-3p significantly reduced the proliferation and migration abilities of gastric cancer cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of miRNA-101-3p decreased the protein level of EZH2 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:miRNA-101-3p may suppresses the gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration , and promotes the gastric cancer cell apotosis by down-regula-tion of EZH2.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kangfuyan capsule combined with antibiotics in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseases.METHODS: The CNKI,WANFANG,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched from their date of foundation to August 1,2018.The randomized controlled trial were included on the treatment for pelvic inflammatory diseases by Kangfuyan capsules with antibiotics or by antibiotics alone.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS: Totally 20 reports(2820 subjects)were included.The clinal of cure rate,pain relief,pelvic signs relief,pelvic effusion reduction,decrease in recurrence rate had statistical difference between two groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rate or the effect in reducing pelvic mass(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Kangfuyan capsule combined with antibiotics in treating pelvic inflammatory disease can improve clinical efficacy,reduce the occurrence of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease,without increasing adverse reactions.A large quantity of samples and long-term clinical studies need to be conducted to confirm the effects.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Venetoclax combined with CACAG regimen in treatment of patients with refractory/relapse acute myeloid leukemia(R/R AML).Methods:The study was a singlecenter prospective clinical trial.The enrolled patients met the criteria for R/R AML.Treatment included Azacidine(75mg/m2,d1-7),Ara-C(75-100 mg/m2,q12h,d1-5),Aclacinomycin(20 mg d1,d3,d5),Chidamide(30 mg d1,d4),Venetoclax(100 mg d1,200 mg d2,400 mg d3-d14,in combination with Triazole Drug,reduced to 100 mg/d),and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(300 μg/d until neutrophil recovery).The primary endpoint of observation was overall response rate after 1 course of treatment.Results:A total of 19 patients were enrolled from January 2022 to April 2023.After 1 course of treatmen,the overall response rate was 81.3％(13/16),the CR rate was 68.8％(11/16),and the PR was 12.5％(2/16).Among the 11 patients who got CR/CRi,8 cases achieved CRm(minimal residual disease negative CR)and 3 cases did not.As of March 27,2023,the median follow-up time was 111(19-406)days.The six-month overall survival and progression-free survival rates were both 55.7％,the 1-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 46.4％and 47.7％,respectively.In addition,compared with the non-CRm group,CRm patients had a better PFS(377 days vsi11 days,P=0.046).Treatment-related adverse events were mainly 3-4 degrees of bone marrow suppression,complicated by various degrees of infection(n=12),hypokalemia(n=12)and hypocalcemia(n=10)and elevated liver enzymes(n=8),of which 3/4 degrees accounted for 47.4％(9/19).Conclusion:The Venetoclax combined with CACAG regimen is an effective salvage therapy for patients with R/R AML,with high remission rate and safety profile.

Objective Changes in the number and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were reported in clinical and experimental Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), whereas the underlying mechanisms of MDSCs in SS remain to be elucidated. This study was to observe the changes in the pathologic structure and function of the submandibular gland and salivary flow in SS mice after adoptive transfer or deletion of MDSCs and explore the action mechanisms of MDSCs. Methods Ten 4-week-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice (without SS-like symptoms) received adoptive transfer of purified MDSCs at 1×10⁶ per mouse (the MDSC group, n = 5) or injection of PBS (the PBS group, n = 5). Another ten 10-week-old NOD mice were injected intraperitoneally with anti-Gr1 antibodies (the anti-Gr1 group, n = 5) or commensurable Rat IgG2b isotype antibodies (the Rat IgG2b group, n = 5). At 2 weeks after treatment, we determined the salivary flow rate, examined lymphocytic infiltration in the submandibular glands, and counted the MDSCs on Th2 cells in different groups of the mice. Results Compared with the PBS group, the NOD mice of the MDSC group showed significantly reduced Th2 cells in the peripheral blood ([0.67 ± 0.13] % vs [0.16 ± 0.07] %, P < 0.05) and spleen ([0.80 ± 0.13] % vs [0.37 ± 0.04] %, P < 0.05) and salivary flow ([78.70 ± 6.80] vs [33.85 ± 11.25] µL, P < 0.05), but increased numbers of MDSCs in the peripheral blood ([1.54 ± 0.14] vs [5.47 ± 1.54] ×10⁵, P < 0.05) and spleen ([1.09 ± 0.23] vs [4.50 ± 1.04] ×10⁵, P < 0.05). In comparison with the Rat IgG2b group, the animals of the anti-Gr1 group exhibited remarkably decreased Th2 cells in the peripheral blood ([0.55 ±0.09] % vs [0.92 ± 0.10] %, P < 0.05) and spleen ([0.63 ± 0.08] % vs [1.10 ± 0.06] %, P < 0.05) and salivary flow ([56.48 ± 14.18] vs [121.20 ± 10.34] µL, P < 0.05), as well as decreased numbers of MDSCs in the peripheral blood ([1.53 ± 0.12] vs [0.35±0.16] ×10⁵, P < 0.05) and spleen ([2.53 ± 1.10] vs [0.91±0.07] ×10⁵, P < 0.05). The adoptive transfer of MDSCs aggravated while the injection of anti-Gr1 antibodies attenuated lymphocytic infiltration in the submandibular gland of the mice. Conclusion MDSCs participate in the pathogenesis Sjögren’s syndrome by suppressing the response of Th2 cells, which suggests that increasing the response of Th2 cells by inhibiting MDSCs could be a novel target for the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome.

Sucrose synthase plays a crucial role in the plant sugar metabolism pathway by catalyzing the production of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, which serves as a bioactive glycosyl donor for various metabolic processes. In this study, a sucrose synthase gene named CtSus was cloned from Cistanche tubulosa, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its rich content of diverse glycosides, based on transcriptome analysis results. The open reading frame of CtSus was 2 418 bp long encoding 805 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed conserved domains associated with the plant sucrose synthase family at both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of CtSus protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CtSus shares a close evolutionary relationship with sucrose synthases from other plants within the same order. Functional identification of CtSus was performed through whole-cell catalysis coupling with UGT71BD1, a characterized glycosyltransferase enzyme. The results showed that the introduction of CtSus significantly enhanced the conversion rate of glycosylation catalyzed by UGT71BD1. The soluble expression of CtSus in Escherichia coli was further achieved using the pCold^TM TF expression vector. In vitro enzymatic assay indicated the activity of CtSus to catalyze the formation of UDP-glucose in the presence of sucrose and UDP. Real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression patterns of CtSus gene in different parts of C. tubulosa and the suspension cell cultures of C. tubulosa under drought stress correlated with the accumulation patterns observed for phenylethanol glycosides, respectively. Furthermore, key amino acids and their interactions between enzyme and substrate were explored based on protein structure prediction and molecular docking results. Overall, our findings identify a sucrose synthase CtSus responsible for the supply of the active glycosyl donor UDP-glucose during the biosynthesis of glycoside products in C. tubulosa and have also provided a gene element that can be utilized in engineering strain construction for glycoside products production.