AIMTo investigate the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on the nuclear translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) following NMDA administration in the primary cultured hippocampal neurons.

METHODS(1) PKCGAMMA or PKCepsilon- immunocytochemistry staining method was used after treating neurons with NMDA or CNTF. (2) The gray of the nucleus of the PKC-positive neurons were measured under the image pattern analysis system.

RESULTS(1) After NMDA administration of different concentration and time, Nucleus appear PKCgamma and PKCepsilon activities, especially the 100 micromol/L NMDA 30 min group. (2) The gray of nucleus in CNTF + 500 micromol/L NMDA group is similar to control group.

CONCLUSIONNMDA can induce nuclear translocation of PKC in the primary cultured hippocampal neurons, and CNTF can inhibit the translocation. It suggests that the inhibition of PKC translocation induced by NMDA is one of the important reasons for the neuro-protective effects of CNTF.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; N-Methylaspartate ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND:Smartphones are a double-edged sword,which not only bring convenience,but also result in excessive reliance.Especially the youth often gaze at their phones when standing or walking,which may affect their static standing balance and plantar pressure gait characteristics.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of staring at mobile phones when standing or walking on the static balance,plantar pressure and gait characteristics in young men,thus informing its negative effect on gait characteristics and lower limb joints.METHODS:Twenty health young men were selected,the plantar pressure when normal standing and walking was measured using Loran plantar pressure analysis system (NO.MPS,Italy).After 20 minutes of rest,the same measurement was performed in all participants staring at mobile for 10 minutes during standing or walking.The relative indexes were compared between two conditions after data collection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When young men staring at mobile phone for 20 seconds during standing,the fluctuation speed,displacement and track area were significantly larger than those during normal standing (P ＜ 0.05);moreover,the contact area,pressure peak and average pressure of the first and second metatarsus in plantar area were significantly larger than those during normal standing (P ＜ 0.05),while the parameters of heel lateral area were significantly lower than those during normal standing (P ＜ 0.05).The stride and speed when staring at mobile phone during walking were significantly smaller than those during normal walking (P ＜ 0.05);the support time of two feet and angle between feet were significantly larger than those during normal walking;the contact area,pressure peak and average pressure of the 4th and 5th metatarsus in plantar area and heel lateral area were significantly larger than those during normal walking.These results suggest that the gravity is less stable and more anterior when young men staring at mobile phone during standing than during normal standing.Staring at mobile phone during walking can alter the gait characteristics,resulting in longer support time,shorter stride,slower step speed,larger walking angle and higher lateral plantar pressure.

Objective To investigate the prognostic sequelae in neontes with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and ven-tricnlar dilatation.Methods Seventy-six full term newborns infants with HIE were followed up at the age from 3 to 19 months after therapy. Twenty-five infants among them were followed up by telephone in the epidemic period of SARS.Results Among 76 infants of 88 newborn infants with HIE(84.6%), 73 infants were normal (96.1% ). 1 infant had cerebral palsy (1.3%), 2 infants died (2.6 %).Among 39 cases with mild HIE, none of them had cerebral sequelae; among moderate HIE. 1 infant had cerebral palsy (2.9%) 1 infant died (2. 9 %), interlenkin-4 among severe HIE 50 % died (P00.5 The poor outcome of HIE in those infants were related to intrauterine growth retardation,severe birth asphyxia;and inadequate treatment.Cranial ultra-sonography of 49 infants were done on follow-up,and 12 of them (24.5 % ) had ventricular dilatations, which appeared after birth with 6 infants. Others occurred on follow-up with 1 infant had cerobral palsy,all ventricular dilatations recovered to normal at 12- 19 months except the cerebral palsy.Conclusions The poor outcome of HIE depends on the infants with intranterine growth relarda-tion,severe birth asphyxia and inadequate treatment.The prognosis of transient ventrealar ddatation are good except cerebral palsy.J Appl Clin pediatr,2004,19(12) : 1045- 1047

Objective　To explore the injurious effect of the serum drawn from patient under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on pulmonary surfacant-associated protein A(SP-A) and the preventive effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the protein. Methods　The cultured rat alveolar epithelial cell type Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ) were incubated with CPB serum to observe the change of the cell morphology, and the expressions of SP-A and SP-A mRNA. Results　Traumatic changes and the decrease of SP-A and SP-A mRNA expressions were found in AT-Ⅱ cells cultured with CBP serum. PTX exerted protective effect on the cells. Conclusion　The serum after CPB can directly injure rat AT-Ⅱ cells in vitro, and inhibit the SP-A expression at transcription and translation levels, which probably is an important reason for the quantitative and qualitative abnormality of pulmonary surfactant after operation. PTX may alleviate the inhibitory effect of CPB serum on SP-A.

The Pichia pastoris strain GS115-PreS could produce a high expression level of full-length PreS protein that secreted to the supernatant after methanol induction in the fermentation. The Western blot analysis showed a single band with expected molecular mass of 48kD and that the major component of the particles was the full-length PreS protein (PreS1 + PreS2 + S) and small envelope protein (S) of 48 and 28 kD, respectively. Electron microscopy image showed PreS particles with 30 nm in diameter. The supernatants of the fermentation were desalted and concentrated. Purified PreS protein was obtained by DEAE-SFF anion exchange column chromatography and the PreS particles were obtained by ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradient. The ELISA assay results proved that both full-length PreS protein and particles showed high immunogenicity and specificity. P/N ratio further demonstrated that the immunogenicity of the particles is higher than the full-length PreS protein.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Precursors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vacuum-assisted closure (V. A. C.) technology in the treatment of infected wound of skin and soft tissue as a result of explosion injury in pig.

METHODSSixteen explosion wounds were established by electric detonators on the shoulders and hips on both sides of 4 small white domestic pigs ,and they were divided into A group [(without treatment and infection occurred on 1-2 post burn day (PBD), then treated with vaseline gauze on 3 (PBD)], and B group (with the same treatment as in A group, except for treatment of vacuum assisted closure (V. A. C) with pressure of - 15 kPa after 3 PBD). The data of wound depth, wound area, wound healing time were collected and analyzed at 3 PAD and 1, 3, 6, 9, 14, 19, 24 days after treatment. Specimens from wounds were collected for histopathology observation, including also cell proliferation index, the number of vascular endothelial cells, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the number of bacteria.

RESULTSCompared with those in A group on land 3 days after treatment, wound area, wound depth were not enlarged or deepened in B group, while the number of inflammatory cells, vascular endothelial cells, proliferative cells were increased, the activity of MPO was enhanced and the number of bacteria was decreased. There were obvious differences between two groups in following indices: wound area ,wound depth, the number of vascular endothelial cells and bacteria during 1 to 19 days after treatment (P < 0.01)), the number of cell proliferation from 1 - 9 days after treatment (P < 0.01)), and the activity of MPO on 3, 6 days after treatment (P < 0. 01). The wound healing time was (32.8 +/- 1.6) d in A group, which was longer than that in B group (25.8 +/- 1.0 d, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCompared with conventional dressing change, V. A. C can decrease bacteria load, lessen secondary necrosis, prompt the inflammatory response, accelerate the formation of granulation tissue, shorten wound healing time in infectious wound of porcine skin and soft tissue resulted from explosion injury.

Animals ; Blast Injuries ; microbiology ; therapy ; Blood Cell Count ; Female ; Male ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Skin ; microbiology ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; microbiology ; therapy ; Swine ; Wound Healing ; Wound Infection ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) technique on the growth of capillaries in the wound of the pig produced by explosion.

METHODSFour small white pigs were inflicted with 16 explosion wounds [(7.3 +/- 1.0) cm2 in area] on both sides of the buttocks, shoulders and hips by detonation of a specific type of explosive, and the wounds were randomly divided into 2 groups, i. e, control (C, with conventional treatment from 2 post-injury day (PID) on and treatment (T, with VAC treatment after debridement from 2 PID on) groups, with 8 wounds in each group. Wound tissues of 2mm x 2mm x 2mm in size were harvested for pathological examination before treatment and on 1 and 3 post-treatment day (PTU). The differentiation of adventitial cells were examined with light microscope, and the pixel value of desmin positive particles and the luminal area of newly formed capillaries were assessed with Image C software.

RESULTSMost of vessels in the wound of both groups were in elliptic shape when observed in longitudinal section. In C group, few newly formed capillaries vessels with lack of pericytes were observed before treatment and on 1, 3 PTD, then the number began to increase on 6 PTD. In T group, the number of newly formed capillaries with pericytes was increased on 1 PTD, and it continued to increase thereafter. The pixel values of desmin positive particles in C group on 1, 3, and 6 PTD were (91 +/- 54), (199 +/- 85), and (1552 +/- 298), respectively, which were obviously higher than those in T group [(2569 +/- 330), (3984 +/- 377), (9611 +/- 960), P < 0.01]. The area of vessel lumen in C group was (59 +/- 36), (250 +/- 70), and (938 +/- 287) microm2, respectively on 1, 3, and 6 PTD, which was also smaller than those in T group [(818 +/- 234), (4518 +/- 1080), and (9058 +/- 1656) microm2, P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONCompared with conventional therapy, VAC can not only accelerate the formation of new capillaries, but also enhance the differentiation of pericytes and the process of enwrapping them around the vessels, and increase the luminal area of newly formed capillaries.

Animals ; Blast Injuries ; therapy ; Capillaries ; cytology ; growth & development ; Female ; Male ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Swine ; Wound Healing

Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease ; etiology ; therapy

Object To design a mobile class 1000 laminar flow clean field surgery unit to provide a clean space to facilitate the mobile medical rescue team to execute emergency operations in the field tent, private house and etc.Methods The principle of positive pressure isolation and finite element simulation were involved in the design of two-way air intake channel on the top, flexible isolation laminar flow clean module which could be constructed rapidly, three-stage composite clean air supply module and integrated surgery module with box instrumentation.Results The field surgery unit had all its performances meet the desired requirements, of which, the ventilation rate was 24 times per hour, the relative positive atmospheric pressure value was higher than 5 Pa in the surgical unit, and the cleanness reached level 6 at the operating and surrounding areas.Conclusion The field surgical unit can be deployed rapidly, and has the key indexes accord with the desired requirements for cleanness, ventilation rate and positive pressure difference, and thus can be used for the surgery support of the mobile medical rescue team during wartime operations and emergency medical rescue.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms underlying bone marrow damage by iron overload in pancytopenic patients with positive BMMNC-Coombs test (IRP).

METHODSTwenty-one iron overloading, 26 non-iron overloading IRP patients and 10 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The expressions of ROS, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and apoptosis of BMMNC were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Antioxidants were added to iron overloading IRP BMMNC, and then the changes of indices above were detected by FCM. The number and apoptosis of T lymphocytes of IRP patients were also detected.

RESULTSROS and apoptosis of BMMNC, myelocytes, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than that of non-iron overloading IRP ones and normal controls (P < 0.05). The expressions of Bcl-2 on BMMNC, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly lower than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones (P < 0.05). The levels of Caspase-3 on myelocytes, erythrocytes and stem cells of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones and normal controls (P < 0.05). After treatment with antioxidants, the expressions of ROS, Caspase-3 and apoptosis of iron overloading IRP BMMNC significantly decreased, but opposite for Bcl-2. The percentages of CD4(+) lymphocytes [ ( 40.86 ± 8.74）%] and CD4(+)/CD8(+) (1.44 ± 0.36) in PB of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than that of non-iron overloading IRP ones [(35.96 ± 7.03)% and 1.14 ± 0.37] and normal controls [(28.00 ± 6.73)% and 0.79 ± 0.21], respectively (P < 0.05), as opposite for CD8(+) lymphocytes (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of CD8(+) lymphocytes [(27.35 ± 10.76)%] and the ratio of CD8(+) apoptosis/CD4(+) apoptosis (2.51 ± 0.81) in BM of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP ones [(15.47 ± 8.99)%] and normal controls (1.39 ± 0.47), respectively (P < 0.05). The apoptosis of erythrocytes and stem cells coated with auto-antibodies in BM of iron overloading IRP patients were significantly higher than those of non-iron overloading IRP and normal controls.

CONCLUSIONMechanisms underlying bone marrow damage by iron overload might be through the follows: ①The increased ROS induced by excessive iron deposition affected the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2, which caused more BMMNC apoptosis; ②The abnormal number and ratio of T lymphocytes caused by iron overload aggravated the abnormality of immunity of IRP; ③Iron overload may increase the damage to erythrocytes and stem cells coated with auto-antibodies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Humans ; Iron Overload ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; immunology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Young Adult