Objective To investigate graduate students' common compulsory courses settings of the Military Medical University and put forward suggestions.Methods With self-made questionnaires,we investigate with simple random sampling all the concerned principals of teaching about their opinions of English,politics and statistics courses.Results Most of the experts thought graduate students should not be required to study English but test should be required(68.9％),that politics course was more than required (76.0％),and the percentage of the experts who thought the contents in graduate and undergraduate courses were less overlapped and more overlapped is respectively 47.9％ and 46.6％.Conclusion To satisfy scientific research needs of graduate students in military medical university,the common courses should be reformed,including teaching politics in various methods like lectures,taking software studying and experiment design into statistics,implementing the policy of students taking English test in the exemption of English study,etc.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquefied lipiodol embolization and cytokine-induced killer cell(CIK) infusion.Methods There were 3 groups in this study,group 1:38 cases of HCC patients treated with a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquified lipiodol embolization and CIK infusion;group 2:80 cases of HCC patients treated with a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquefied lipiodol embolization and percutaneous intratumoral ethanol injection;group 3:134 cases of HCC patient treated with transcather arterial super liquefied embolization.Finally,the outcomes of the 3 groups were compared.Results The short term effective rates of group 1,2 and 3 were 76.1%,41.3% and 14.9% respectively,simultaneously with significant difference of changes concerning AFP value among the three groups especially in group 1 the AFP decrease to normal level while those of the other two groups still remain in higher levels.Conclusions The living quality and survival rate of HCC patients could be improved by a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquefied lipiodal embolization and CIK infusion.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:235-239)

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health Practice

OBJECTIVE: To explore the conversion of resin monomer, the change of inorganic component and the influencing factors on the oxygen inhibition layer formed on the cured surface of resin cement. METHODS: Three kinds of resin cement were divided into three groups: (1) light-cured group: RelyX Veneer, NX3 (light-cured), Variolink N; (2) dual-cured group: RelyX U200 Automix, NX3 (dual-cured), Multilink Speed; (3) chemically-cured group, and the above 3 types of dual-cured resin cement cured without illumination could be used as chemically-cured resin cement. Each sample was provided with and without oxygen exposure of two matching surfaces, cured respectively, and the variables of light intensity and illumination time were set in the light-cured group and the dual-cured group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the samples' surface morphology. Energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analyze the samples' composition of surface elements. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the monomer conversion of resin cement and to obtain the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer. RESULTS: (1) On the surface of cured resin cement, the weight percentage of oxygen element in the aerobic side was higher than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05), and the weight percentage of inorganic element was lower than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05). (2) The surface monomer conversion of the cured resin cement on the aerobic surface was significantly lower than that on the anaerobic surface (P < 0.05), and the surface monomer conversion on the aerobic surface and the anaerobic surface was the lowest in the chemically-cured group (P < 0.05), the dual-cured group was the highest (P < 0.05), and the light-cured group was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the surface monomer conversion increased (P < 0.05). (3) The thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer was the thickest in the chemically-cured group [(40.27±2.81) μm](P < 0.05), the thinnest in the dual-cured group [(21.87±5.42) μm](P < 0.05) and light-cured group [(23.73±3.84) μm] was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of resin cement decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION When resin cement is exposed to oxygen, it will form an oxygen inhibition layer, its surface's inorganic filler is less, the surface monomer conversion is lower. The surface monomer conversion and the thickness of oxygen inhibition layer are affected by curing mode and illumination factors.
Materials Testing ; Oxygen ; Resin Cements

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the spinal cord expression in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.Methods Eighty-four female SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =28):control group (group C),sham operation group (group S) and tibia bone cancer pain group (group P).Tibia bone cancer pain was induced by intra-tibial inoculation of Walker-256 breast cancer cells.Paw withdral threshold to mechanical stimulation (MWT) was measured with von Frey filaments at 1 d before and at 1,3,7,10,14 and 21 d after inoculation.Six rats in each group were sacrificed after the measurement of MWT at 1 d before inoculation and at 7,14 and 21 d after inoculation.Lumbar 4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of CCL2 by ELISA.The coexpression of CCL2 with Iba-1 (a specific marker of microglia),GFAP(a specific marker of astrocyte) and NeuN (a specific marker of neuron) was determined by double immunofluorescence assay after the measurement of MWT at 14 d after inoculation in group P.Results Compared with groups C and S,MWT was significantly decreased from 7 d to 21 d after inoculation,the expressive of CCI-2 in the spinal cord up-regulated at 7,14 and 21 d after inoculation in group P ( P ＜ 0.05).CCL2 was expressed in the microglia and astrocyte but not in neuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.Conclusion Release of CCL2 from microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord was involved in mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and positive thyroid autoantibodies,and evaluate the necessity for universal thyroid screening during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods The pregnant women during the second and third trimesters who visited Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital between June 2006 and February 2008 were chosen for thyroid screening by determining serum free triiodothyronine,free thyroxine,thyrotropin,thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),and thyrotropin receptor antibody.A personal and family history of thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases was investigated by questionnaire.The pregnant women were divided into high risk or low risk groups for thyroid disease based on their personal or family histories.Results A total of 2 101 pregnant women were screened,712 ( 33.89％ ) of them were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or with positive thyroid autoantibody.The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was increased in high risk group.While in low risk group( n =1 983 ),the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 2.27％ ( n =45 ),subclinical hypothyroidism 11.60％ ( n =230 ),clinical hyperthyroidism 0.20％ ( n =4 ),subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.06％ ( n =21 ),hypothyroxinemia 6.45％ ( n =128 ),and euthyroid with positive TPOAb 10.74％ ( n =213 ) in our study.Pregnant women with positive TPOAb were susceptible to thyroid dysfunction.It was shown that 79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders were diagnosed by universal thyroid screening.Conclusions 33.89％ of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or positive thyroid autoantibody by universal thyroid screening.Increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found in pregnant women with positive TPOAb.79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders might be missed if screening was made only in the high risk cases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of positive serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) on pregnancy outcomes in biochemically euthyroid women during gestation.MethodsFrom July 2006 to December 2010,in the prenatal care unit all pregnant women,who had no medical and family history of thyroid diseases,underwent thyroid function screening.Serum TPOAb was tested among those pregnant women with euthyroidism.Pregnancy outcomes,including obstetric complications,neonate birth weight,and Apgar score,were compared between 185 TPOAb positive women and 1417 TPOAb negative women.ResultsCompared with TPOAb negative women,it was more frequent for TPOAb positive women to suffer from various obstetric complications.The prevalences of umbilical cord entanglement ( 18.9％ vs 12.9％,RR =1.47,95％ CI 1.06-2.03,P＜0.05 ),threatened premature delivery or abortion (3.8％ vs 1.0％,RR =3.83,95％ CI 1.57-9.37,P＜0.05 ),intrauterine growth retardation (5.4％ vs 0.8％,RR =6.96,95％ CI 3.00-16.17,P＜0.01 ),and neonatal pneumonia ( 4.9％ vs 1.3％,RR =3.83,95％ CI 1.75-8.40,P＜0.01 ) in the group of TPOAb positive women were higher than those in the group of TPOAb negative women.Apgar score of those newborns whose mothers had positive TPOAb was 9.27 ±1.13 at one minute and 9.44 ± 1.09 at five minutes,being lower than that of the TPOAb negative group (9.49 ±0.69 and 9.68 ±0.52,both P＜0.01 ).The rate of newborns with Apgar score at 7 or less by 5 min in group with positive TPOAb was higher than that of group with negative TPOAb ( 1.6％ vs 0.1％,RR =11.49,95 ％ CI 1.93-68.31,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThese results indicate that pregnant women with normal thyroid function but positive TPOAb may be liable to increase risk of serious pregnancy outcomes,such as threatened premature delivery or abortion,intrauterine growth retardation,and a lower Apgar score in neonatal.

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoxetine and pyrrolidine dithidarbamate (PDTC) on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced interleukine-6(IL-6) release in cultured rat astrocytes.Methods The purified astrocytes were cultured in 48-well tissue culture plate and classified into control group,LPS group,fiuoxetine group and PDTC group.Control group and LPS group were cultured as usual,and fluoxetine group and PDTC group were cultured with fluoxetine or PDTC at different concentrations for 48 hours,and then LPS group,Fluoxetine group and PDTC group were incubated with 1 ug/ml LPS for 24 hours.Finally,the levels of IL-6 in the cell supernatant were detected by enzymatic linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results The level of IL-6 in LPS group ((1975.46 ± 171.54) pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in control group((10633 ± 782.15)pg/ml) (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-6 were (6198.6 ± 379.4) pg/ml,(4973.6 ± 132.5) pg/ml and (4747.9 ±473.9) pg/ml respectively when the concentrations of fluoxetine were 10 μM,20 μM and 40 μM,and (4821.6 ±180.8) pg/ml,(4735.7 ±620.0)pg/ml and (3525.9 ± 240.0)pg/ml respectively when the concentrations of PDTC were 100 μM,150 μM and 200 μM.There was significant difference in the levels of IL-6 between LPS group and fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05),as well as between LPS group and fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LPS can induce IL-6 release from astrocytes,while fluoxetine or PDTC at some concentrations can suppress LPS-induced IL-6 release.

ObjetiveTo investigate the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-eight pregnant women with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy,including 9 controlled hypothyroidism,29 uncontrolled hypothyroidism and 130 subclinical hypothyroidism,were enrolled in this study.The general clinical information,obstetrical complications and neonatal outcomes of these pregnant women were compared with that of 180 healthy pregnant women who delivered during the same period.ResultsCompared with control group,there were no significant differences in the levels of serum free triiodothyronine( FT3 ),free thyroxine ( FT4 ),thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the controlled hypothyroidism group in the third trimester [(3.68 ±1.11 ) pmol/L vs (3.19 ±0.33) pmol/L,(15.48 ±4.14) pmoL/L vs (13.95 ± 1.68) pmol/L,1.87 mU/L vs 1.76 mU/L,P ＞0.05].However,in the second and third trimester,the levels of FT3,FT4 in the uncontrolled hypothyroidism group were lower,while the levels of TSH were higher than in control group [(2.71 ±0.80) pmol/L vs (3.14 ± 0.34) pmoL/L,(10.94 ± 2.68) pmol/L vs (14.25 ±2.01) pmol/L,5.62 mU/L vs 2.28 mU/L,( 2.34 ± 0.70 ) pmol/L vs ( 3.19 ± 0.33 ) pmol/L,( 10.16 ± 1.65 ) pmol/L vs (13.95 ± 1.68) pmoL/L,7.13 mU/L vs 1.76 mU/L,t =2.754～9.15,P ＜0.01],the levels of TSH in the subclinical hypothyroidism were higher than in control group ( t =18.28,18.57,P ＜0.01 ).There was no adverse perinatal outcome of neonate happened in controlled hypothyroidism group.In contrast,the incidences of adverse perinatal outcomes and complications in the uncontrolled hypothyroidism group were higher than that in the control group ( 17.2％ vs 2.8％,37.9％ vs 5.6％,x2 =11.47,28.97,P ＜0.01 ).Compared with that of control group,the incidences of adverse obstetrical outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism were increased (40.0％ vs 5.6％,x2 =52.97,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe rate of adverse obstetrical outcomes and complications is increased in women with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism.But the incidence of adverse outcomes would decrease if hypothyroidism is controlled by treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS) in the diagnosis of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma( HEHE) . Methods The images of CEUS had been retrospectively evaluated in 21 lesions of HEHE which were confirmed by pathology . The perfusion patterns and time of enhancement were observed ,including time to begin enhancement , time to peak enhancement ,the washout time and the appearance of internal structures . Results The mean time of begin enhancement ,time to peak ,time to isoechogenity and hypoechogenity were ( 17 .4 ± 5 .2) s ,( 22 .0 ± 7 .2) s , ( 23 .9 ± 4 .6 ) s and ( 42 .2 ± 13 .7 ) s ,respectively . During the arterial phase , 8 lesions showed diffuse enhancement ,7 lesions showed rim-like enhancement and 6 lesions showed branch enhancement . The inner margin in 6 lesions showed speculate enhancement . The central portion of the tumors was not enhanced in part lesions of 8 cases . As to time of peak enhancement ,compared to the normal hepatic parenchyma , hypoenhancement ,isoenhancement and hyperenhancement were observed in 10 lesions ,6 lesions and 5 lesions respectively . Synchronous enhancement was observed in 11 lesions on CEUS ,rapid enhancement was observed in 8 lesions and slow enhancement was observed in 2 lesions . Twenty-one lesions manifested hypoechoic mass in portal phase and delayed phase . The boundary of lesions was unclear on conventional ultrasound and became distinct after contrast injection in 21 lesions . Conclusions CEUS is useful for the diagnosis of HEHE .