Cilia ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mucous Membrane ; ultrastructure

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in glycoproteins expressed on cell surfaces which play an essential role in clinical disorders. At present, there are several groups of anti inflammatory drugs interfere with the expression of CAMs either directly or indirectly. This paper reviews the study of recent finding pharmacological agents associated with CAMs.

Restenosis is a major complication after percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention. Evaluation of restenosis early and accurately can help to giude treatment, improve outcome and save costs for the patients. All kinds of imaging methods for restenosis have their merits and demerits. It is essential to choose the appropriate imaging method in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate hyperventilation may trigger cerebrovascular contraction and lead to lowered cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply-demand imbalance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of hyperventilation on oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein, difference in oxygen and lactic acid contents between the cerebral arteries and veins in patients with serious traumatic brain injury.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients who received emergency operations in the First Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University between January and July 2002.METHODS: Patients with traumatic brain injury underwent operation under general anesthesia, and the PaCO2 was maintained at 30 mm Hg for 15 minutes by regulating the respiration rate, followed by decrease to 25 mm Hg, maintained for 15 minutes before restoration to 30 mm Hg for 15 minutes. The fractional concentration of inspired oxygen was adjusted to maintain blood PaO2 at around 100-150 mm Hg, and the blood sample was collected from the artery and internal jugular vein 15 minutes after adjustment of PaCO2 for blood gas analysis. The PaO2 was then increased to 200-250 mm Hg by increasing the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen, and the PaCO2 was adjusted from 30 to 25 and then back to 30 mm Hg in the described manner, and the oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein, difference in oxygen and lactic acid contents between the arteries and the veins were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Influence of blood PaO2 and PaCO2 on oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein, difference in oxygen and lactic acid contents between the arteries and the veins.RESULTS: Sixteen patients met the diagnostic criteria and completed data collection. The arterial PaCO2 decreased from 30 to 25 mm Hg when arterial blood oxygen pressure increased from 100-150 to 200-250 mm Hg, which leads to obvious decrease of oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein and obvious increased difference in oxygen content between the cerebral artery and vein. However the absolute value of oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein was obviously higher at PaO2 of 200-250 mm Hg than that at PaO2 of 100-150 mm Hg, while the absolute value of cerebral arteriovenous difference of brain oxygen content was obviously lower. Compared to the basal level, the arteriovenous lactic acid difference was obviously increased at PaO2 of 100-150 mm Hg,PaCO2 of 30 and 25 mm Hg, and at PaO2 of 200-250 mm Hg and PaCO2 of 25 mm Hg.CONCLUSION: Relatively higher PaO2 (200-250 mm Hg) and mild hyperventilation (PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg) has no obvious effect on brain oxygen supply-demand balance.

Objective To explore the related factors of the relapse of schizophrenics in unwell developed economic areas.Methods To analyze 718 schizophrenics by single and multiple stepwise regression analyses to explore whether relapse of schizophrenia was related to those factors.Results 2.8％ experienced one time relapse, 14.2％ experienced two times relapse and 83％ three times. The rate of schizophrenic relapse was in turn correlated with treatment compliance, treatment intervention, marriage, clinical features, psychological stress,social support, the way of forming disease, medical expenses and condition of access to medical care. Conclusions More attention should be paid to the factors causing schizophrenic relapse and wider measures of prevention and treatment should be taken.

To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 305 cases with apoplectic sequela admitted at our general geriatric nursing ward from January 2000 to December 2011.The subjects were divided into 2 groups:hypoalbuminemia and non-hypoalbuminemia.Advanced age (OR =5.624),chronic heart failure (OR =2.298),conscious disturbance (OR =1.575),dysphagia (OR =1.565),complete bedridden (OR=2.874),pneumonia (OR =3.725) and bedsore (OR =5.336) were risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in the patients with apoplectic sequela.And hyperglycemia(OR =0.066)was a protective factor for it.

With the development of all kinds of new simulative training equipment,the way of medico's clinic skill training method will change radically.Their clinic skill will be greatly improved.This article analyzed the necessities and imminence of setting up the clinic skill training center,and discussed how to manage it.At last we discussed how to build the clinic skill training center in the large comprehensive hospitals.

To date, three techniques of total spondelyctomy were used for spinal tumor, including piecemeal technique, eggshell technique and total en bloc spondelyctomy, and each has specific features and indications. Due to limitations of technique, piecemeal technique and eggshell technique are gradually replaced by total en bloc spondelyctomy in treatment of spinal tumor. Moreover, with technical development, application of total en bloc spondelyctomy in treatment of spinal tumor becomes more rigorous and standard. However, it is controversial about its indications and surgical approach. Postoperative spinal stability reconstruction is achieved through various methods according to different conditions.

Therapeutic hypothermia is believed to improve neurodevelopment outcome of infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),however,the severe brain injury and neurologic sequelae still can be observed in some infants received therapeutic hypothermia.Optimal monitor and management of systematic complications presented by infants during cooling treatment are necessary for improvement of overall outcome.Therefore,it is essential to understand the functional change of each system of the whole body,to adapt adequate diagnostic methods and to train multidisciplinary staffs to monitor and manage moderate-to-severe HIE infants during therapeutic cooling.With the development of therapeutic hypothermia,it is currently considered as a standard of care for infants with moderate-to-severe HIE.It is recommended that any neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) using routinely therapeutic hypothermia to reference the national or international benchmarking protocols in order to improve the medical quality and prognosis of infants.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of susceptibility weighted imaging in intracranial capillary telangiectasia. Methods Clinical and imaging data of 1 3 cases with pathologically proved intracranial telangiectasia were collected.All 1 3 patients were examined with conventional MRI and SWI scanning,five patients were checked with MRA while other six cases were examined by CT scanner,and the results were compared.Results All 13 patients had multiple lesions and a total of 176 lesions were detected by SWI,exhibiting hypointense with possiblely punctate hyperintense in the center .Fifty-two lesions were detected by T1 weighted imaging;105 lesions were detected by T2 weighted imaging;112 lesions were detected by fluid attenuated inversion recovery;69 lesions were detected by diffusion weighted imaging;6 9 lesions were detected by apparent diffusion coefficient.Six cases underwent CT scanning, and one showed multiple low density while the remaining five cases did not find any abnormalities.No cerebral vascular malformation was found in five cases scanned by MRA.The lesions showed round or oval shape,ranging from 3 mm to 17mm in diameter.Among them,98 lesions were located in the pons,39 in cerebellum,23 in cortex,10 in basal ganglia,6 in thalamus.Conclusion SWI is the sensitive sequence to detect intracranial capillary telangiectasia.SWI could be used as the preferred imaging method for intracranial capillary telangiectasia.