AIMTo prepare amylopectin anchored dipyridamole (DIP) liposome and to study its tissue distribution in mice.

METHODSThe regular DIP liposomes were prepared by film-scatter method. The amphiphilic O-palmitoyl amylopectin was synthesized and added to modify the surface of liposome. The entrapping efficiency, zeta potential, mean diameter, span of modified and regular liposomes were assayed. The RP-HPLC was used for the determination of DIP concentration in mice tissue.

RESULTSAfter modification, the entrapping efficiency depressed, zeta potential was raised, mean diameter and span had no obvious change. The level of DIP in lung, liver and spleen for regular liposomes were higher than that of injections. Compared with regular liposomes, the modified liposomes increased the DIP level in lung, and decreased the DIP level in liver, spleen, moreover, lengthened the retention time of DIP in lung.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of modified liposome in mice was markedly changed as compared with regular liposomes and injections. The modified liposomes had obvious lung targeting property.

Amylopectin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Dipyridamole ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Liposomes ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Palmitates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVE: To discuss forensic identification of floating shoulder injury (FSI). METHODS: To analyze fifteen cases of FSI which were accepted from Jan. 1993 to Jan. 2006, including 15 shoulder neck fracture, 13 clavide stem fracture and 2 distal end clavide fracture, the function of shoulder joint was evaluated six months after injure considering the following three aspects: result of forensic examination such as X-ray photograph, CT and MRI, the injurers' symptom, objective sign and joint function, shoulder joint territory, degree of pain and local muscle power. RESULTS: Basing on the curative effect standard of Herscovic, all cases were divided into good. Modest, worst, which included 2, 4, 9 cases respectively; referring the standard of GA35-92, GB18667-2002, all cases were divided into six, seven, eight, nine and ten degree, which included 2,9,2,1,1 cases respectively. CONCLUSION As a special powerful injure, FSI always companied with concurrent and multiple injure, and characterized by missed, incorrect and delayed diagnosis and infelicitous treatment, which lead to the high frequency and degree of injure. To prevent missed and incorrect forensic identification, we should have a full realization of the particularity of FSI, and evaluate the function of shoulder all-sidely, objectively and synseticaly.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Clavicle/surgery* ; Female ; Forensic Dentistry/methods* ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/pathology* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Scapula/surgery* ; Shoulder Injuries ; Shoulder Joint/physiopathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Wounds and Injuries/surgery* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo develop a therapeutic vaccine against human tumors associated with human papillomavirus type 16E6E7 (HPV16E6E7) which is modified from a Chinese patient of the cervical cancer which possessing the antigenicity and no transforming activity, and explore more active vaccine for inducing cellular immunity with mouse co-stimulatory molecular B7-1 gene.

METHODSThe modified E6E7 gene expression plasmid pVR1012-fmE6E7 was constructed and transfected Cos-7 cells, and the E7 protein specific expression was testified by immunofluorescence assay. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with pVR1012-fmE6E7 alone or in combination with B7-1 gene expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1-B7-1). The activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was analyzed with 51Cr specific release assay and the specific antibody in sera was analyzed by indirect ELISA. HPV16 positive C57BL/6 tumor cells C3 were inoculated subcutaneously in the vaccinated mice to assay the growth of transplanted tumors.

RESULTSThe specific CTLs and antibody from immunized mice were induced efficaciously by the E6E7 gene immunization, and co-administration of B7-1 gene could significantly enhanced the CTLs immune responses of fmE6E7, and protected 33% immunized mice against C3 tumor cells challenge. In contrast, all the mice immunized only with fmE6E7 gene developed transplanted tumors after C3 cells challenge. There was no difference in E7 specific antibody responses between mice immunized with the E6E7 gene only and co-administration with B7-1 gene.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified E6E7 gene can be used as target gene for developing DNA vaccine, and B7-1 gene may represent an attractive adjuvant for enhancement of the specific cellular immune responses.

Animals ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; immunology ; B7-1 Antigen ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; Repressor Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Transfection ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

Helminth infection can lead to organic,digestive and other tissue's pathological damage.Helminth diseases are harmful to human and animal health,and can cause reproductive failure,inhibits the growth and development of juvenile ani-mals,even lead to death of humans and animals in serious cases,and poses significant impacts on public health and causes eco-nomic losses to the animal husbandry.Currently,the prevention and control of helminth disease is largely dependent on inte-grated control measures including the use of drugs.Due to drug residues,drug resistance,and other issues,the development of new drugs and vaccines is imminent.So far,there is few ideal vaccines to control helminth diseases,which is due to that hel-minths have evolved mechanisms to evade host immune attacks during evolution,such as immune isolation,antigen variation, molecular simulation and so on.Therefore,this review describes the recent research advances in the immune evasion strategies of parasitic helminth,which aims to provide a reference for the development of new vaccines or drugs for better prevention and control of helminth diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accidents that resulted in injuries in Chengdu area, to find out the cause and to provide scientific a base for accident prevention. METHODS: Appraisal data of the injured in road traffic accident from January 2003 to October 2006 were re-examined. Detailed statistics were made which include gender, age, transportation mode, person types, the accident date and day, and location. RESULTS: Six thousand three hundred and sixty four cases involving road traffic accident were analyzed. Among the injured, male to female ratio was 1.84:1, and the age group of 18-50 were the largest proportion (66.34%). Bicyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians made up 80.90% of the injured persons. Different age groups, different genders and those who were injured in different regions varied greatly in terms of transport modes they employed. In terms of injured parts, lower limb injury took up the highest proportion (39.49%), with cranium & cerebrum ranking second (22.77%). CONCLUSION Different approaches and measures shall be taken in regard to different age groups, different regions, different times and different transport modes, and corresponding policies shall be adopted.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lower Extremity/injuries* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Vehicles/statistics & numerical data* ; Multiple Trauma/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo provide reliable evidence of "J in three-needle therapy" for treatment of stroke.

METHODSMulti-central randomized controlled trials were adopted, 180 hemiplegia patients of ischemic stroke were randomly divided into a fin three-needle group (90 cases) and a routine acupuncture group (90 cases). Two groups were both treated with basic neurology therapies, and J in three-needle group was treated with J in three-needle therapy, three acupoints of tempora, hand and foot etc. were selected; the routine acupuncture group was treated with traditional acupuncture, Quchi (LI 11), Huantiao (GB 30), Futu (ST 32) etc. were selected. Both groups were treated with acupuncture for 5 weeks. The cognitive function score of functional comprehensive assessment scale (FCA), the scores of mini-mental state examination scale (MMSE) and modified Barthel index (BI) were compared before and after treatment between two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of FCA, MMSE and BI in both groups were significantly improved compared to those before treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); the improvement of FCA score, MMSE score and BI score in the J in three-needle group were superior to those of the routine acupuncture group after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The total effective rate of 85.4% in the J in three-needle group was superior to tohat of 70.0% in the routine acupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONJ in three-needle acupuncture treatment can obviously improve the cognitive function and activity ability of daily life of hemiplegia patients after stroke, and the therapeutic effect of J in three-needle therapy is superior to that of traditional acupuncture treatment.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Cognition ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; etiology ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

Aim To investigate pro-angiogenic effect of SEHM formula on HUVEC cells in vitro and Zebrafish in vivo and the related action mechanism .Methods VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor II ( VRI)-induced ze-brafish intersegmental vessels ( ISVs ) damaged model was established to observe the protective effect of SE-HM formula on ISVs under fluorescence microscope . The pro-angiogenic effect on subintestinal vessels ( SIVs ) of water decoction of SEHM formula in ze-brafish was observed and the mRNA level of VEGFRs , including flt-1, kdr, kdrl, was measured by real-time PCR.The experimental models of the HUVEC cells were set up and the toxicity and promoting proliferation effect of water decoction of SEHM formula in HUVEC cells were assessed by cell viability assay (MTT), and then the levels of Akt, p38, p-p38, p44/42, p-p44/42, VEGFR-1 were detected by Western blot at 6, 12 and 24 h.Results SEHM formula treatment groups could significantly protect VRI-induced zebrafish ISVs loss(P<0.01) and presented pro-angiogenic effect on zebrafish SIVs obviously(P<0.01).The mRNA level of VEGFRs, including flt-1, kdr, kdrl.was up-regula-ted by SEHM formula treatment group significantly (P<0.05) compared with VRI group.Compared with control group , and SEHM formula treatment group could apparently promote proliferation in HUVEC cells and up-regulate the level of Akt, p38, p-p38, p44/42, p-p44/42, VEGFR-1.Conclusions Water de-coction of SEHM formula could present pro-angiogenic effect on SIVs in zebrafish and promote proliferation of HUVEC cells significantly , and its action mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of VEG-FR.

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Cattle* ; China* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fascioliasis* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Male ; Ranunculaceae ; Risk Factors* ; Seasons ; Seroepidemiologic Studies*

OBJECTIVETo optimize the prenatal diagnosis platform by using domestically made fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) kit and to explore the clinical application of FISH to rapid prenatal diagnosis of a wide range of chromosomal abnormalities.

METHODSAmniotic fluid samples from 110 pregnant women were studied with the rapid prenatal diagnosis method of FISH and the conventional cell culture method of karyotyping, the results from both methods were compared.

RESULTSFour cases of trisomy 21, 1 case of trisomy 18, 58 cases of 46, XX, and 47 cases of 46, XY were detected by FISH in the 110 amniotic fluid samples. It is concordant with the results from conventional karyotype analysis. The concordance rate is 100%.

CONCLUSIONDomestically made FISH kit can be used to rapidly and accurately detect the most common chromosome aneuploidies by using less sample volume while the price is relatively low. FISH can be a reliable and rapid prenatal diagnostic tool as an adjunct to classical cytogenetic study. It can be used for rapid and accurate prenatal diagnosis of women with high risk of maternal serum screening.

Adult ; Amniocentesis ; Amniotic Fluid ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; genetics ; Down Syndrome ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Karyotyping ; methods ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Trisomy

Toxoplasma gondii is a eukaryotic parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, which infects all warm-blood animals, including humans. In the present study, we examined sequence variation in dense granule 20 (GRA20) genes among T. gondii isolates collected from different hosts and geographical regions worldwide. The complete GRA20 genes were amplified from 16 T. gondii isolates using PCR, sequence were analyzed, and phylogenetic reconstruction was analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The results showed that the complete GRA20 gene sequence was 1,586 bp in length among all the isolates used in this study, and the sequence variations in nucleotides were 0-7.9% among all strains. However, removing the type III strains (CTG, VEG), the sequence variations became very low, only 0-0.7%. These results indicated that the GRA20 sequence in type III was more divergence. Phylogenetic analysis of GRA20 sequences using MP and ML methods can differentiate 2 major clonal lineage types (type I and type III) into their respective clusters, indicating the GRA20 gene may represent a novel genetic marker for intraspecific phylogenetic analyses of T. gondii.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brazil ; China ; Deer ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Goats ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Sheep ; Swine ; Toxoplasma/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/parasitology/physiology ; Toxoplasmosis/*parasitology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*parasitology ; United States