Intrinsic or acquired chemo-resistance is the main reason for chemotherapy failure, and thus finding ways to reverse chemo-resistance has become an interesting topic for research. Studies have revealed that immunomodulatory molecules are involved in cancer chemo-resistance. Hence, interventions that target immunomodulatory molecules to reverse chemo-resistance have attracted a great deal of concern from domestic and foreign scholars. Immunomodulatory molecules, such as PD-L1, B7-H3, HMGB1, TRAIL, MyD88, and Cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6), have been proven to take part in regulating immune function and tumor drug-resistance characteristics, thereby providing new ideas to the reversal of tumor chemo-resistance. This artide reviews the progression of immuno-modulatory molecules with the change in cancer chemotherapy sensitivity to provide a theoretical basis for the application of new thera-peutic regimen of bio-chemotherapy.

let-7e is one member of let-7 miRNA family, a class of endogenous noncoding RNA which consists of 22 nucleotides. The recent miRNA profiles investigation and analysis results showed that let-7e could be involved in embryonic stem cells differentiation, tumorigenesis in cancer, temporal lobe epilepsy and sleep loss, lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation by regulating its target mRNA expression. This paper gives a review of the important biological function of let-7e.

Objective To discuss the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of fetal limb bone.Methods We selected 18 cases which long bone of fetus less than 2SD of average volume of gestational weeks or long bone changed into angle or other fetus's abnormalities by first B-mode ultrasonic. All above cases was delivered at Capital Medical University of Obstetric and Gynecological Hospital during Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2009. We B-mode ultrasonic was used to measure fetus's biparietal diameter (BPD) ,femur length (FL) ,abdominal circumference(AC) ,head circumference(HC) ,humerus length (HL) ,amniotic fluid index (AFI) and structures of organ and calculated FL/AC, growth speed of long bone. The standard of achondroplasia is that FL and HL are less than 4SD of average of gestational weeks or FL/AC less than 0. 16. The standard of Osteogenesis Imperfecta is fetal long bone of fetus shows short and thick, curves into angle, fracture in uterus by X-ray, or skull shows thin or sink by X-ray. Results (1) By B-mode ultrasonic and X-ray exam of all 18 cases: 7 cases shows that HC ＞2SD, 10 cases shows too much amniotic fluid, 12 cases shows AFI ＞ 18.0, 9 cases shows abnormalities of narrow cavitas thoracis, disordered vertebral column, or unusual architecture of heart. For cases 1 to 14 are achondroplasia, among which,11 cases are FL＜4SD and HL＜4SD, 2 cases are FL ＜3SD and HL ＜4SD, 1 case is not only FL ＜2SD and HL ＜3SD but also hydroncus all over the body of fetus. The growth velocity of long bone of fetus in all the 14 cases is more slowly than the normal rate. For all the above 14 cases, 12 cases FL/AC ＜0. 16, 1 case FL/AC =0. 19, 1 case FL/AC =0. 20. The length of femur or humerus is shorter than the normal rate and have other abnormalities the above last two cases. For case 15 and 16, they don't show any abnormalities of bone growth though one year's follow up studying. For case 17 and 18, they are osteogenesis imperfecta. (2) The result of fetal perinatal period fate and autopsy: there are 8 female and 10 male in all the 18 cases. One case is labored after 39 weeks pregnancy, and it is low birth weight infant, weight ＜3%th. All the other cases are normally birth weight infant. All the 18 cases of abnormalities of fetal limb bone are examined by chromosomes check, among which, 9 cases are amniocentesis, 7 cases are cordocentesis,2 cases are checked chromosomes by fetus cord blood, all the caryotype are normal. In the 16 autopsy cases,14 cases are achondroplasia or hypochondroplasis. It can be seen amplifying extremities, hyperplasia chondrocytes of tubiform born, karyomegaly, anachromasis, hyperplasia capillaries though microscope and grow up into cartilage irregularly. Also can be seen hyperplasia chondrocytes of epiphyses, delaying osteosis.2 cases are osteogenesis imperfecta. It can be seen broadening of metaphyses, exility of bone trabeculae. For the other two cases which the fetus is alive, we do the follow up studying to their one year old one of them is low birth weight new born, their limb and height are all normal. Conclusions To diagnose fetal Achondroplasia, it is not only based on the significantly shorter of femur or humerus length but also based on the dynamics observing the long bone growth velocity and calculating FL/AC. For osteogenesis imperfecta fetus, it should be diagnosed by fractures in uterus though X-ray.

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cerebro-vascular diseases. This article reviews the mechanisms of cerebrovascular diseases caused by postprandial hyperglycemia from aspects of postprandial hyperglycemia participating in the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and the relations between postprandial hyperglycemia and cerebrovascular diseases.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Workplace

BACKGROUND:The increase of serum cholesterol levels is positively correlated with the increasing incidence of osteoarthritis. Little is known about the role of high-fat diet in the degeneration of articular cartilage and induced arthritis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the morphology change of the articular cartilage of New Zealand rabbits after high-fat diet, and explore the role of food in the articular cartilage degeneration.
METHODS:Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. In control group, rabbits were fed with basal diet. In high-fat diet group, rabbits were fed with high-fat diet (20%lard and 80%basal diet). Fasting blood samples was taken every 4 weeks, to detect the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. After rabbit were fed for 28 weeks, the knee joint was grossly observed and the femoral condyle cartilage was scanned by scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the high fat group (P<0.05). Under scanning electron microscope, the high-fat group showed rough surface of condylar cartilage, shal ow pouch, messy arrangement, irregular shape and uneven size. The surface of cartilage exhibited focal denudation, irregular arrangement, uneven porosity and fractured cavity. Under higher magnification, smal mountain-like structure of cartilage surface became shal ow and flattened, the pores disappeared. Long-term high-fat diet may induce and aggravate cartilage damage, suggesting it may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of warm needling moxibustion at Zhongji (CV 3) and Zusanli (ST 36) in treatment of urinary retention after gynecological surgery. ＜br> Methods: Forty patients with urinary retention after gynecological surgery were randomly divided into two groups by the randomized method, 20 cases in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated by warm needling moxibustion at Zhongji (CV 3) and Zusanli (ST 36). Patients in the control group were treated by inductive urination. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed after one course of treatment. ＜br> Results:The total effective rate was 95.0%in the treatment group and 70.0% in the control group. The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). ＜br> Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion at Zhongji (CV 3) and Zusanli (ST 36) is more effective than inductive urination in treating urinary retention after gynecological surgery.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on hippocampus metabolic changes in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods A chronic temporal lobe epilepsy model was established by use of lithium-pilocarpine in rats. The hippocampus metabolism of the rats were detected by 1H-MRS method before and after the rTMS and compared with that of the normal controls. Relative ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), glutamate (Glu) and ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) over creatine (Cr) were calculated. Results Compared with normal control rats, NAA/Cr and GABA/Cr ratios decreased significantly and Cho/Cr ratios increased significantly in hippocampus of the rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. After rTMS NAA/Cr and GABA/Cr ratios increased significantly and Cho/Cr ratios decreased significantly in hippocampus of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. However, rTMS did not significantly affect the Glu/Cr ratio in hippocampus of the rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. Conclusion rTMS could improve the hippocampus metabolism and exert a neuroprotective effect against brain damage induced by epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE Through biomonitoring the effect of ethylene oxide sterilization process,to discuss the precision usage and management of the technology in operating room,and instruct the sterile job in operating room in the future.METHODS The process of ethylene oxide sterilization was monitored by biological indicators to realize the whole controlling of sterilization effects.RESULTS In the whole 210 sterile articles,202 were qualified,and 8 were disqualified.CONCLUSIONS With correct procedures of sterilization and assurance the qualification of the biomonitoring indicators,the optimal quality of sterilization would be achieved.

Objective To compare prognosis of esophageal cancer patients with simple radiation or chemoradiotherapy.Methods Retrospective analysis 266 cases of esophageal cancer patients from June 2005 to June 2007 of,including 128 with simple radiotherapy,138 with chemotherapy during the same period,157 cases of general radiotherapy,intensity-modulated radiotherapy,109 cases of Kaplan-Meier method for calculation of survival,Log-Rank method on the clinical factors of single factor analysis,Cox regression model with factor analysis.Two groups,clinical material and adverse reaction were compared with chi-square test.Results The median survival time of the radiation group was 25 months,chemoradiotherapy group of the median survival time was 28 months.Follow-up with 1,3,5 years were 231,106,82 cases.The 1,3,4 years OS rate were 86.8 ％ (200/231),12.8 ％ (14/106),9.0 ％ (7/82).Disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 39.8 ％ (92/231),7.9 ％ (8/106),15.8 ％ (13/82).No local relapse survival (LRFS) rates were 30.8 ％ (71/231),16.2 ％ (17/106),23.7 ％ (19/82).No distant metastasis (DMFS) survival rates were 47.0 ％ (109/231),11.3 ％ (12/106),13.9 ％ (11/82).Single factor analysis results show that age,disease length,X-ray parting,different radiation method were 5 years OS independent prognostic factors.Age,disease length were DFS independent prognostic factors.Lesion length,different radiation method were LRFS independent prognostic factors for survival,lesion length and X-ray parting were without distant metastases independent prognostic factors for survival.Multiple factors analysis results showed that age,disease length,pathological type were 5 years OS related factors,and age,disease length,different treatment methods were DFS related factors,only lesions length was DMFS related factors,lesion length,different chemotherapy method was DMFS related factors of survival.The rate of serious adverse reaction of the chemoradiotherapy group was higher than radiotherapy group,the difference had statistical significance.Conclusion The chemoradiotherapy increase DFS rate,and at the same time,the incidence of adverse reaction also increases,but 5 years OS rate doesn't increased obviously.