Adult ; Deglutition ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; Male ; Pharynx

Objective: To optimize the formula of memantine hydrochloride sustained release pellets and investigate the drug release in vitro.Methods: Memantine hydrochloride sustained release pellets were prepared by a fluidized bed.The factors such as inlet air temperature, spray pressure and feeding rate were optimized by orthogonal tests.The Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to screen the major influencing factors (ethyl cellulose aqueous dispersion, PEG 6000 and the coating weight) in the release of memantine hydrochloride.The coating formula and coating weight were optimized with the cumulative release rate of memantine hydrochloride in 2, 6,and 12 h as the response values.The drug release in vitro was also studied.Results: The optimum preparation parameters of the pellets were as follows: the inlet air temperature of 45℃, the spray pressure of 1.0 bar, and the feeding rate of 1.5 r·min-1.The best sustained release coating formula was as follows: the content of ethyl cellulose aqueous dispersion of 8.4%, the content of PEG 6000 of 2.3%, and the weight gain of sustained release layer of 16.7%.The memantine hydrochloride sustained release pellets had notable sustained release effect.Conclusion: Orthogonal tests and Box-Behnken response surface method can be used for the formula optimization of memantine hydrochloride sustained-release pellets.The established fitting model is simple with good predictability.

Objective To compare the myocardial protection effects of cold blood cardioplegia and cold crystalloid cardioplegia in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.Methods One hundred adult patients with cardiac function Ⅱ～Ⅲ class undergoing primary elective valve replacement surgery due to rheumatic heart disease were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with cardiac arrest,cold blood cardioplegia was applied to 50 cases(Group B),and cold crystalloid cardioplegia to the others(group C).The process of heart resuscitation,the postoperative need of dopamine,the blood pressure and heart rate,the postoperative level of serum myocardial enzyme,the intensive care unit(ICU) stay after operation were collected and statistically analyzed.All the cardioplegic solution was perfused in a similar manner and topical cooling was employed simultaneously.Results There were less cases in group B than in group C who needed isoprenaline for cardiac resuscitation after clamp removal(P0.05).Conclusion The cold blood cardioplegia and cold crystalloid cardioplegia have similar myocardial protection effects on rheumatic heart disease patients with cardiac function Ⅱ～Ⅲ class undergoing valve replacement surgery.

Maize seedlings were cultured in nickel or cadmium contaminated sand treated with α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA). The effects of NAA on nickel and cadmium uptake in roots, shoots, and subcellular fractions (cell wall, nuclei and remained parts of seedling cells) were determined. The data showed growth promotion when NAA was applied at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. Uptake of nickel and cadmium content increased concurrently in roots and shoots. In the subcellular fraction, nickel and cadmium was greatest in the cell wall. The changes in growth had greatest correlation with nickel and cadmium content in the subcellular fraction.

Objective To screen and analyse the dominated related factors for medical discipline construction and development,and provide evidences for the reinforcement of discipline connotation construction.Methods The candidate medical disciplines of State Key Disciplines Evaluation of 2007 were served as study subjects.Disciplines from the results of State Key Discipline Evaluation were divided into "new discipline" group(n=51),"breeding discipline" group(n=33)and "failed discipline" group(n=81).The differences between results of State Key Discipline Evaluation and corresponding data of past years(2001 to 2006)in academic team,scientific research,graduate education and lab construction were analysed by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.Results There were significant differences in academic leader,state key project,prize level,graduates quality and scientific research base among the results of State Key Discipline Evaluation(P≤0.05),and the dominated factors for the unsuccessful result were lack of high-level academic leader,state key discipline,prize,gruaduates and scientific research base.Conclusion The adoption of appropriate measures for the construction of academic team,the reinforcement of scientific research and the establishment of academic achievement evaluation may help to upgrade the academic level.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospital infection rate and sites of patients in emergency intensive care(unit)(EICU),and provide basis for prevention and treatment of hospital infection.METHODS Patients who were hospitalized in EICU were investigated by retrospective study.RESULTS Among the hospital infection sites,(respiratory) tract was the most frequent one(65.63%),the next was urinary tract(28.13%),and the deep vein was the third(6.25%).The most common hospital infection bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the subjective and objective factors of hospital infection,and the acknowledge of relationship between nursing and hospital infection sites are(important) basis for hospital infection prevention and treatment.

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles to successful chemotherapy for tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine that can reverse MDR has been intensely studied because of its low toxicity, high efficacy and multi-targets. In recent years, more and more traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been found to be effective in reversing MDR. In this review, we analyze the current status of traditional Chinese medicine on reversing tumor MDR and describe recent progress on it.
Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

The aim was to investigate the effect of particle size on transfection efficiency of chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were synthesized through complex coacervation CS with plasmid DNA (pDNA). Three kinds of pDNA/CS nanoparticles with different sizes (250, 580 and 1300 nm) were prepared by altering the adding rate and the vortexing time. The particle size, zeta potential and the stability in cultural medium were evaluated by zetasizer. The association efficiency was determined by spectrofluorophotometer. The combination of chitosan with pDNA as well as the ability to protect pDNA from nuclease degradation was analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The transfection efficiency of pDNA/CS nanoparticles in HEK293 cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Using CS grafted fluorescein isothiocyanate as a fluorescent marker, the adsorption features of the nanoparticles were visualized by fluorescence microscopy and the cellular uptake percent was quantitated by flow cytometry. The internalization process of the nanoparticles was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using nanoparticles of the size of 250 nm. Results showed that the three kinds of pDNA/CS nanoparticles had no differences in zeta potential, association efficiency, protection ability, stability and transfection efficiency in HEK293. The nanoparticles were all adsorbed on cell surface in the form of aggregates, and similar cellular uptake percent as well as quantities were observed 4 h post-incubation with HeLa cells. CLSM images showed that the aggregates below 2 microm could be internalized by endocytosis. These results suggest that the transfection efficiency of pDNA/CS nanoparticles does not depend on particle size in the range from 250 nm to 1300 nm.
Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; DNA ; administration & dosage ; Endocytosis ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Transfection

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Objective:To know about the prevalence of depression,anxiety,and suicidal behaviors among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men.Methods:A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample was conducted in the HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.A standard set of questionnaires,namely,the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7),and a self-designed suicidal behavior questionnaire were used to assess the subjects'emotional problems.Results:Among 321 newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who had sex with men,the positive rate of depression and anxiety were 41.1％ (132/321) and 31.5％ (101/321),respectively.The rate suicidal ideation after HIV diagnosis was 27.7％ (89/321).Individuals who were living with others,had HIV related clinical symptoms,higher HIV/AIDS related stress,and lower social support were more likely to have positive depressive symptoms.Individuals who were unmarried,had lower HIV/AIDS related stress,and lower social support were more likely to have positive anxiety.The prevalence of suicidal ideation after HIV diagnosis was higher among individuals who were unwilling to join in HIV/AIDS support groups,had HIV related clinical symptoms,higher HIV/AIDS related stress,lower social support,and both positive depression and anxiety symptoms.Conclusion:The prevalence of emotional problems is high among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men.It is warranted to promote mental health service for this vulnerable group.