Recently,researches about impulsiveness are more and more active,especially in the fields of psychology,psychiatry,behavioral medicine and psychopharmacology.But there is no widely accepted definition and measurement methods.This review briefly described the concept of impulsiveness and different methods to measure impulsiveness.We also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each measurement method.

Objective To explore effect of probiotics on improving the feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI). Methods Sixty cases of VLBWI were randomly divided into two groups, 30 infants as therapy group,another 30 infants as control group.All infants in two groups were given aggressive intravenous nutrition and enteral feeding with preterm formulars. At the same time, probiotics were administered combined with preterm formulars to infants in therapy group. Milk amount, gastric residual, initial time of enteral feeding, time required for full enteral feeding and body weight on day 21 after birth were all recorded.Results Rate of no gastric residual increased significantly in therapy group compared with that of control group(t=6.24 P

Bronchi ; pathology ; Child ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; complications ; Male ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; congenital

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of L-epicatechin in Actinidiae arguta. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Kromasil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2%Acetic acid solution(15:85,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 210 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃,and the volume injection was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of L-epicatechin was 10.47-167.52 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;average recovery was 98.07%-101.71%(RSD=1.39%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple, accurate and reliable,and suitable for the content determination of L-epicatechin in A. arguta.

Spinal biomechanics, especially the range of spine motion,has close connection with spinal surgery. The change of the range of motion (ROM) is an important indicator of diseases and injuries of spine, and the essential evaluating standards of effect of surgeries and therapies to spine. The analysis of ROM can be dated to the time of the invention of X-ray and even that before it. With the development of science and technology as well as the optimization of various types of calculation methods, diverse measuring methods have emerged, from imaging methods to non-imaging methods, from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, from measuring directly on the X-ray films to calculating automatically by computer. Analysis of ROM has made great progress, but there are some older methods cannot meet the needs of the times and disappear, some classical methods such as X-ray still have vitality. Combining different methods, three dimensions and more vivo spine research are the trend of analysis of ROM. And more and more researchers began to focus on vivo spine research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods utilized recently are presented through viewing recent literatures, providing reference and help for the movement analysis of spine.
Animals ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Radiography ; Spine ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics in twin premature infants in order to provide some guidance for clinical work in future.Methods The clinical data of 593 premature infants hospitalized in Department of Pediatrics,the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were collected from June 2010 to June 2012,in terms of gestational age,birth weight and neonatal complications.A retrospective analysis was performed for the data.The premature infants were divided into 2 groups:study group of 131 twin premature infants and control group of 462 singleton premature infants.The 131 twin premature infants in study group were divided into large double group(n =64) and small double group(n =67) according to delivery time.The clinical data of premature infants in each group were statistically analyzed.Results The gestational age of study group was (34.23 ± 1.90) weeks,which in control group was (33.91 ± 1.82) weeks,and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(t =1.689,P =0.092).The birth weight in study group [(1 921.64 ± 414.05)g] had statistically significant difference compared with control group [(2 164.98 ± 495.85) g] (t =-5.209,P =0.000).The study group of incidence of premature rupture of membranes was 16.79％ (22/131 cases)and which in the control group was 32.68％ (151/462 cases),and there was statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =12.472,P =0.000) ;the incidence of neonatal asphyxia of study group was 9.92％ (13/131 cases) and that of the control group was 17.10％ (79/462 cases),there was statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =4.010,P =0.045) ; the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in study group was 6.87％ (9/131 cases) and that in the control group was 3.03 ％ (14/462 cases),the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (x2 =4.037,P =0.045) ; the incidence of apnea in study group was 4.58％ (6/131 cases) and that in the control group was 0.65％ (3/462 cases),the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups(x2 =8.085,P =0.004) ; the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome of study group was 0 and that of the control group was 3.90％ (18/462 cases),there was statistically significant difference (P =0.018) ;the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia of study group was 27.48％ (36/131 cases) and that of the control group was 16.67％ (77/462 cases),the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (x2 =7.738,P =0.005) ;the incidence of sepsis of study group [16.79％ (22/131 cases)] was significantly higher than that of the control group [8.44％ (39/462 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (x2 =7.715,P =0.005) ;the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation of study group was 6.10％ (8/131 cases) and that of the control group was 2.38％ (11/462 cases),the difference was statistically significant between the both groups (x2 =4.568,P =0.033).In the study group,the incidence of neonatal sepsis in big double group was 29.68％ (19/64 cases),and that in small double was 14.93％ (10/67 cases),there was statistically significant difference between the 2 groups(x2 =4.138,P =0.042).The other complications between the big double group and small double group had no significant difference.Conclusions The incidence rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome,apnea,neonatal hypoglycemia,sepsis and extrauterine growth retardation of twin premature infants are higher than the singleton premature infants in the neonatal period.But the incidence rate of meconium aspiration syndrome is a higher in singleton premature infants.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Basigin ; analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; analysis ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; analysis ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 ; analysis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis ; genetics ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: By targeting inducing differentiation in vitro,mesenchymal.stem cells(MSCs) transform into osteoblasts,lipocytes,chondrocytes,muscular cells,neuronal cells,etc. Whether Chinese herbs act on induced differentiation of MSCs in rats or not?OBJECTIVE: To study the amplification of MSCs cultured in vitro in SD rats and efficacy of Chinese herbs on targeting inducing differentiation of neuron-like cells.DESIGN: Exploring study with repeated observation and measurement based on cells.SETTING: Department of pathophysiology in a medical college.MATERIALS: Experimental marrow collected from SD male tested-healthy rats.METHODS: By adhesion method,MSCs in rats were isolated for amplifying culture in vitro. Flow-type cell instrument was applied for the determination of its surface antigen expression. Various Chinese herbal components were used for the targeting inducing differentiation of MSCs into neuron-like cells. The cellular morphology was observed under optical microscope. and the specific antigen label of neuronal cells was determined with immunocyto-chemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Results of MSCs isolation and amplification;②Results of identification of MSCs surface antigen and neuon-like cells.RESULTS: By adhesion method,MSCs in rats were isolated successfully and amplified in a large amount in vitro. It was indicated in the results determined by flow-type cell instrument that CD14,CD1 1α,CD34,CD38,CD45,CD80 and CD86 presented negative,and CD29,CD44,CD90,CD105 and CD166 presented positive. By induced with various kinds of Chinese herbs,like huangqi(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari),tianma(Rhizoma Gastrodiae),renshen (Radix Ginseng),danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis),naoxinshu,renshen fengwangjian for 1 to 3 hours,most MSCs transformed into neuron-like cells,presenting soma and neurite. With immunocyto-chemical staining,neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and nestin displayed positive and glial fibrillary acidic protein negative.CONCLUSION: MSCs in SD rats have the potential of multi-targeting differentiation,presenting a strong capacity of amplification and self-replacement. In a suitable inducing condition,MSCs may differentiate into neuron-like cells.