Tau is the most abundant microtubule-associated protein in the brain .If tau protein lost the normal function, the toxic effect should be showed and plays an important role in various central nervous system lesions .Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE) is an important cause of mortality in the neonatal period and it is mainly characterized by neurological deficits such as cognitive limitations .However , the mechanism still needs further study , and the underlying re-lationship between tau protein and HIE lacks direct evidence .Some recent clinical study reported that tau protein expres-sion elevated in the serum of asphyxia children and had a high correlation with behavior deficient .In this review , we focus on 3 key points to provide new insights to understand the tau protein-related pathogenesis of HIE as followed:(1) tau pro-tein and its phosphorylation change during central nervous system development ;(2) comparison of tau protein expression in developing brain and adult brain under some neurological disorders;(3) potential pathological change of tau in HIE related pathological conditions , such as dysmyelination , inflammation response and glutamate metabolism .

Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Tai Ji

Objective To study the ecological characteristics of toxigenic fungi in soil of the suburban villages of Zhangzhou, Fujian. Methods 48 soil samples were collected from 24 natural villages in Zhangzhou and cultured in bengal rose agar plate, then the fungal count and species identification were carried out. Results The numbers of fungi in unit area in 48 soil samples were in the normal rang. 3357 strains of 34 fungal genera were found in sampled soil samples. Fusarium and Penicillium were the dominant genera, as well as Trichoderma, Parcilomyces, Cladosporium which were commonly detectable. 4 strains of Aspergillus flavas were found, 2 of them were toxigenic. Aflatoxin B 1 production were 6?7 ng/g respectively and they didnt produce AFB 2? AFG 1? AFG 2. 2 strains of A. versicolor both produced sterigmatocystin. Conclusion Aspergillus flavus showed lower proportion in mycoflora and weaker capability for producing aflatoxins in soil of suburban villages of Zhangzhou. This data obtained could be used as the basis for agriculture areal programme.

Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are the neuropeptides released from the sensory nerve endings.Neuropeptides play a role in bone and the relevant organs.It exerts functions in regulation of the bone metabolism,fracture healing and pain by a certain way.The biological properties and distributions of SP and CGRP are closely related to the pathogenesis and development of bone metabolism,fracture healing and pain.

Objective To investigate the effects of rapid colloid and crystalloid infusions on the plasma concentration of propofol( Cp) during target-controlled infusion.Methods Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to three interventions(12 patients per group).At least 30 min after the start of propofol infusion,the hydroxyethyl starch solution group(HES)received HES of 24 mL/(kg· h),on the former 20 min,the sodium acetate Ringer’s injection group(AR)received AR of 24 mL/(kg· h),while HES group and AR group of later 20 min and the control group of whole course received AR of 2 mL/(kg· h).The plasma concentrations of propofol were recorded per 2 min and a half.The cardiac outputting,blood volume and clearance of indocyanine green were measured by pulsed dye density analyzer,the effective hepatic blood flow( EHBF) were obtained.Results The varying of Cp with time showed a significant treatment factor(F[2,33] =14.14,P<0.001)and time factor(F[16,528] =10.37,P<0.001)and interaction between the above factors(F[32,528] =2.82,P <0.001) by ANOVA for repeated measurement;the difference of Cp among each group,Cp in HES group was significantly lower than AR group(5-40 min)or control group(10-40 min),with significant difference(P<0.05).The varying of EHBF with time showed a significant treatment factor(F[2,28] =3.68,P=0.038)and time factor(F[2,56] =5.37,P=0.007)and interaction between the above factors(F [4,56] =3.67,P=0.010);while there was no significant difference in other groups.Conclusion Rapid HES infusion increases the effective hepatic blood flow,resulting in a decrease of propofol concentration during target-controlled infusion.Rapid HES infusion should be used cautiously as it may decrease the depth of anesthesia.

Adenoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology

Objective To observe the effect of restrictive transfusion in colon cancer surgery in elderly patients on postoperative VAP (ventilator-associated pneumonia). Methods Forty cases of elderly patients with colon cancer intending to undertake surgery were randomly divided into restrictive transfusion group (group R) and standard transfusion group (group S) with 20 cases in each group. In group R, patients were administered one third of accumulative fluid loss in the first 60 minute, then the infusion rate were 4 mL/(kg·h) and central venous pressure was maintained at 5 ~ 7 cmH2O. In group S, rate of fluid administration = CVE + deficit +maintenance + loss + third space. Blood gas index including lactic acid and volumes of fluid administered, blood loss, urine volume and thoracic fluid count (TFC) were recorded in the operation. Clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS) was recorded respectively before operation, 1 day, 3 day, 7 day after operation to evaluate the risk of VAP. Results Compare with those in group S, there were significantly less TFC and intraoperative volumes of fluid administration in group R. The CPIS was significant lower at day1, day3, day7 after operation in group R. There was no significant difference in MAP, HR, CO and urine volume between two groups. Conclusions In colon cancer surgery for elderly patients, restrictive transfusion can maintain hemodynamic stability, ensure the tissue oxygenation, reduce conjunction edema, shorten the recovery and hospital stay and reduce the incidence of VAP.

Humans ; Infant ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; etiology ; genetics ; WT1 Proteins ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the application of scenario-based training and medical simulator in the orthopedics education. Methods A total of 60 students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine who finished their orthopedics internship from January 2016 to July 2016 were involved. They were randomly divided into the study group and control group with 30 students each. The study group re-ceived 2 classes of scenario-based training and medical simulator assisted education during their internship in the orthopedics department while the control group received 2 classes of traditional lessons instead. Sur-veys were conducted after the internship and the scores of internship were also recorded. Result The overall satisfaction was higher in the study group than the control group [(8.6±0.6) vs. (8.1±0.5), P=0.001]. On the part of learning interest, clinical thinking, clinical practice and group working, the study group also received better evaluation (P<0.05). The study group achieved better scores in the final examination than the control group [(84.4±2.6) vs. (82.5±3.4), P=0.018]. Conclusion The combination of scenario-based training and medical simulator can improve the ability of medical students in the orthopedics education, and receive higher satisfaction.