Objective To explore the clinical significance of abnormal spindle wave in the central nervous system.Methods Eighty-four cases of central nervous system disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results The attenuation and disappearance of electroencephalogram spindle wave cue marked brain structural damage, the region of abnormal electroencephalogram spindle wave was similar to that of brain computer tomography showing.Conclusion Abnormal electroencephalograph spindle wave always indicates intracranial disease, which may play an important role in the decisive diagnosis and the judgment of prognosis of the disease.

Objective:This paper designs to analyze compensation patterns and compensation effects of cata-strophic disease insurance in L City, and put forward feasible suggestions to improve the compensation patterns of cat-astrophic disease insurance. Methods:We combined the relevant policy documents to analyze compensation patterns, and used benefit rate, OOP and The effective reimbursement rate to analyze compensation effects of catastrophic dis-ease insurance. Results:Catastrophic disease insurance benefit rate in L city in 2013 was 3. 2%; Rates of NCMS fund unilization was 92%, which diversed from county to county. Patients' OOP decreased significantly after reim-bursement of catastrophic disease insurance;Catastrophic disease insurance and NCMS total effective reimbursement rate reached 84.8%;The NCMS compensation rate reached 68. 9%, while fund incurred a financial deficit at the same time. Conclusion:Set deductibles, compensation rate and compensation range scientifically, and cancel ceiling level,improve the program of catastrophic disease insurance. Take measures to reduce the unfair between the districts and counties at city level. Establish effective link-up between catastrophic disease insurance and NCMS.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical characteristics and rules of allergic reaction caused by anti-copper treat-ment with Sodium dimercaptoproane sulfonate(DMPS)injection,and to provide reference for diagnosis,treatment and monitoring of drug-induced allergic reaction. METHODS:By using retrospective analysis,allergic reaction reports of DMPS injection were se-lected from our hospital during Jan. 2013-Dec. 2015 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:A total of 131 cases of allergic reaction were reported. The average age of the patients was(23.26±9.63)years old,mainly concentrated on 10-39 years old(87.79%). Al-lergic reaction mainly occurred in the first and second courses of treatment,accounting for 71.76%. For systems-organs involved, skin and its appendages disorders had the highest proportion (85.90%),being mainly the lesion of limbs (27.45%) and body (22.22%) involved;followed by systemic damage (12.33%). Clinical manifestations of systemic impairment were mainly fever, with rash or itching at the same time frequently. 131 patients had good outcome after treatment. The symptoms of 115 patients (87.79%)disappeared in 7 d. Serious cases accounted for 25.19%. The proportion of drug allergy history,the rate of anti-copper treatment failure with allergy prevention or desensitization therapy,and symptom duration in patients with severe ADR were higher or longer than that in general ADR cases,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The allergic reac-tion of DMPS injection increased the difficulty of anti-copper treatment. ADR monitoring should be strengthened in the process of using DMPS,specially for the history of allergies and the first,second treatment courses of patients.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGR), the first enzyme of mavalonic acid pathway, is one of the key devices involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis based on synthetic biology approach. The open reading frame of a novel HMGR gene from Panax ginseng (PgHMGR2) was cloned and analyzed in this study. PgHMGR2-encoding protein showed 71.6% sequence similarity to a P. ginseng HMGR in GenBank. The full-length cDNA sequence of PgHMGR2 containing 1 770 bp, which encodes 589 amino acids, was cloned by RT-PCR strategy from P. ginseng. The bioinformatic analysis showed that PgHMGR2-encoding protein contained two transmembrane regions and the HMG_CoA_reductase domain, without signal peptide. The protein sequence of PgHMGR2 had the highest sequence similarity (99%) with Panax quinquefolius HMGR (GenBank accession No. ACV65036). The expression level of PgHMGR2 was the highest in flower based on a real-time PCR analysis, followed by leaf and root, and the lowest was in stem. The result will provide a foundation for exploring the molecular function of PgHMGR2 involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis based on synthetic biology approach in P. ginseng plants.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Xiaoke pill versus glibenclamide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Medline, PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane Library,CBM,CJFD,Wanfang Database and VIP Database,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the Xiaoke pill(test group)versus glibenclamide(control group)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 software after document selection,data extract and quality assessment by Co-chrane systematical evaluation. RESULTS:A total of 15 RCT were included,involving 3 319 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level [MD=-0.39,95%CI(-0.75,-0.02),P=0.04],fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level [MD=-0.70,95%CI(-1.27,-0.12),P=0.02],2 h PG[MD=-0.87,95%CI(-1.55,-0.20),P=0.01],incidence of thirst with desire for drinks [RR=3.35,95%CI(1.92,5.85),P<0.001],incidence of tiredness and debilitation[RR=5.74,95%CI(3.52, 9.36),P<0.001] and incidence of hypoglycemia [RR=0.67,95%CI(0.49,0.91),P=0.01] in test group were significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:Xiaoke pill has better efficacy and safety than glibenclamide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,can obviously improve the HbA1c,FPG,2 h PG tevel and TCM symp-toms.

Objective To investigate the effects of the overexpression of HO-1 induced by CoPP in the donor on the survival of transplanted allogeneic islets of rats and the mechanism.Methods (1) Brown Norway rats were randomly divided into control group, and CoPP-induced group receiving intraperitoneal injection of CoPP (2.5 mg/kg) at 3rd and 1st day prior to islet isolation.By using the cytoimmunofluorescenee and Western blot, the expression of HO-1 in isolated islets was detected.The insulin level in the supernatant of the cultured islets stimulated with glucose was determined by ELISA.(2) Lewis male rat diabetic models were established by a single intravenous injection of alloxan, and then randomly divided into CoPP group and control group.Islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule of each diabetic recipient.The survival time after transplantation, and pathological changes following rejection of the islet grafts were analyzed.Results The HO-1 was highly expressed in the islets isolated from CoPP-treated rats by cytoimmunofluorescence and Western blot.After stimulation with 16.7 mmol/L glucose, the insulin concentration in Copp-treated and Copp-untreated groups was (46.60± 1.13) and (19.01 ± 1.49) mIU/L respectively (P<0.05).The insulin concentration in Copp-treated and Copp-untreated groups in islets stimulated with 5.6 mmol/L glucose was (15.65 ± 0.89) and (12.28 ± 0.89) mU/L respectively (P>0.05).The stimulated index in Copp-treated and Copp-untreated groups was (2.98 ± 0.10) and 1.55 + 0.01 respectively (P< 0.05).The survival time of islets allograft in Copp-treated and Copp-untreated groups was separately (12.20±5.67) and (5.60± 1.14) days respectively (P<0.05).Histological analysis revealed the presence of more islands of insulin-positive cells and considerably fewer lymphocytes or inflammatory infiltration than the controls.Conclusions CoPP could induce the HO-1 expression of islets, and improve their function.Over-expression of HO-1 in islets could prolong survival time of islets allograft.

Objective To study the effects of the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B ( NF-κB) , on the hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression as well as on the changes of hepatic function and ultrastructure in a rodent model of hemonhageic shock. Method Hemorrhagic shock was produced by inducing bilateral femoral fractures in male Wistar rats. Intraperitoneal injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)was used to inhibit NF-κB activation 1 hour before induction of shock. A total of 66 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (Control, n = 6), trauma shock (TS, n = 30), and NF-κB inhibition followed by trauma shock (NF-κB inhibition, n =30). Measurements of hepatic NF-KB and HSP70, hepatic function bio-markers, TNF-α and IL-6 were obtained 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours after trauma. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were also noted. Hepatic expression of NF-κB was determined by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, while HSP70 was assayed by western blot and analyzed with computer imaging. Results In rats with trauma shock, both hepatic NF-κB activity and HSP70 expression increased significantly compared to the control group, reaching peaks at 6 hour post injury. Serum alanine transferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TB) also rose significantly,reaching peaks at 8 hours post trauma. Light microscopy revealed hepatic congestion with infiltration of inflammatory cells into hepatic sinusoid in the TS group at 8 hours. Inhibiting the activity of NF-κB one hour before trauma significantly decreased expression of HSP70 at 6 hours post trauma [16.9±4.4 (NF-κB inhibition) vs. 23.0±1.7 (TS), P ＜ 0.05]. In addition,levels TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver tissue also decreased, and hepatic congestion as well as hepatic cell degeneration were ameliorated, showing minimal inflammatory infiltrates in the hepatic sinusoids. NF-κB inhibition also significantly lowered the levels of ALT and TB at 4 hours post trauma [ALT, 540.8 ±66.2 nmol/L (NF-KB inhibition) vs. 640.6±80.2 nmol/L (TS), P ＜ 0.05; TB,2.3±0.3 mol/L (NF-κB inhibition) vs. 4.7 ±1.1 mol/L (TS), P ＜ 0.05]. Conclusions NF-κB and HSP70 are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury during hemorrhagic shock, and the degree of NF-κB activity and HSP70 expression may be consistent with the extent of hepatocellular damage. Inhibition of NF-κB helps ameliorate liver injury due to trauma shock.

Objective To evaluate the significance of human interleukin-31(IL-31)in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and its correlation with pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods Twenty-two children with mild to severe atopic dermatitis and 22 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study.Patients and controls were randomly and equally assigned into stimulation and non-stimulation groups.Venous blood samples were obtained from all participants,peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from these samples and cultured with(stimulation groups)or without(non-stimulation groups)staphylococcal enterotoxin B(SEB)for 24 hours.Then,the mRNA expression of IL-31 on PBMCs was assessed via real-time reverse transcription-PCR.ELISA was used to detect the total serum IgE level in these objects.The severity of AD in patients was rated according to scoring atopic dermatitis(SCORAD).The relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-31 and the level of serum total IgE.severity of atopic dermatitis,and degree of pruritus.was evaluated.Results The expression of IL-31 mRNA on non-stimulated PBMCs from patients was 23.2 folds as high as that from the healthy controls(P＜0.01).The stimulation with SEB upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-31 on PBMCs.and the increase on PBMCs from patients was 20.44 times of that from the controls.The total serum IgE level was 260.05 IU/mL(5.9-1131.01 IU/mL)and 17.7 IU/mL(5-140.7 IU/mL)in the Patients and controls respectively(P＜0.01).There was no significant correlation between the mRNA expression of IL-31 and disease severity or total serum IgE level(r=0.07.0.22respectively.both P＞0.05)in patients witll AD.Condusions IL.3 1 is involved in t11e pathogenesis of AD,which is unlikely to be IgE-dependent.SEB can induce the rapid expression of IL-31 on PBMCs of healthy human,and is an important modulator for the production of IL-31.

Objective To evaluate the capacity of atopy patch test in diagnosis of food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods Egg and milk,as the most common food allergens among Chinese children,were employed in this study.Skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) with fresh egg and milk were carried out in 68 children with AD.Oral food challenges in an open style were performed to confirm the diagnosis of food allergy.Resuits Of these patients,58(85.3%)were sensitive to egg,40(58.8%)to milk and 34(50.0%) to both.Of 98 patients with positive challenge,47 showed late response,10 immediate reactions.and 41 mixed reactions.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV) and the agreement with food challenges in diagnosis of egg/milk allergy were 96.6%/67.5%.90.0%/82.1%,98.2%/84.4%,81.8%/63.9% and 95.6%/73.5%,respectively for APT alone,37.9%/30.0%,100%/89.3%,100%/80.0%,21.7%/47.2% and 47.1%/54.4%,respectively for SPT alone.APT was found to be more sensitive in diagnosis of late-phase reactions than SPT (P<0.01).No significant difference was found in the sensitivity between APT alone and the combination of APT and SPT in parallel algorithm for diagnosis of egg or milk allergy (x2=0.509,0.549,both P>0.05) or in the specificity between APT alone and that in serial algorithm( P=1.000;x2=3.514,P>0.05).Conclusions APT is superior to SPT in diagnosis of late responses to food,and the combination of SPT and APT does not facilitate the diagnosis of food or milk allergy compared with APT alone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect and safety of chiropractic in treating cervicogenic sudden hearing loss.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to October 2013, 90 patients with cervicogenic sudden hearing loss were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table produced by SPSS 19.0 software. In the treatment group, there were 17 males and 28 females, aged from 31 to 62 years old with an average of (47.57±9.43) years; course of disease was from 1 to 3 days with an average of (1.43±0.68) days; pure-tone audiometry score was from 46.5 to 77.8 dB with the mean of (61.20±9.83) dB; Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) score was from 17 to 31 scores with an average of (23.46±7.18) scores. In the control group, there were 15 males and 30 females, aged from 28 to 64 years old with an average of (45.77±6.99) years; course of disease was from 1 to 3 days with an average of (1.50±0.73) days; pure-tone audiometry score was from 48.1 to 75.0 dB with the mean of (63.91±8.05) dB; Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) score was from 20 to 29 scores with an average of (25.61±10.43) scores. The patients of control group were treated with dexamethasone intravenous drip of 10 mg, 3 days later, decreased to 5 mg, 3 days again. And with the methycobal intravenous drip of 500 μg, treatment continued for 10 days. The patients of treatment group were treated with chiropractic additionally except for the therapeutic methods of control group. Chiropractic included local muscle loosening, attacking point, bilateral pulling atlanto-axial joint, and continuous treatment for 10 days. The pure-tone audiometry score and NPQ score were compared between two groups after treatment.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, pure-tone audiometry score and NPQ score in treatment group improved to (40.23± 8.14) dB and (12.70±8.29) scores respectively, which were obviously better than that of control group's (37.70±10.61) dB and (21.24±11.13) scores (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with routine method for cervicogenic sudden hearing loss, additional chiropractic can improve hearing and relieve neck pain effectively.

Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Chiropractic ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged