In practice of forensic medicine, potential disease can be associated with fatal asphyxia in restraint position. Research has demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are plentifully distributed in skeletal muscle, contributing to the regulation of contractile and relaxation. In the current study, respiratory functions, indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions ex vivo, as well as NO levels in serum, the expressions of diaphragmatic inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA, and the effects of L-NNA on contractility of the diaphragm were observed in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) under the condition of restraint position. The results showed that in the CLP12-18h rats, respiratory dysfunctions; indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions (Pt, +dT/dt(max), -dT/dt(max), CT, Po, force over the full range of the force-frequency relationship and fatigue resistance) declined progressively; the NO level in serum, and iNOS mRNA expression in the diaphragm increased progressively; force increased significantly at all stimulation frequencies after L-NNA pre-incubation. Restraint position 1 h in CLP12 h rats resulted in severe respiratory dysfunctions after relative stable respiratory functions, almost all the indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions declined further, whereas little change took place in NO level in serum and diaphragmatic iNOS mRNA expression; and the effects of L-NNA were lack of statistical significance compared with those of CLP12 h, but differed from CLP18 h group. These results suggest that restraint position and sepsis act together in a synergistic manner to aggravate the great reduction of diaphragmatic contractility via, at least in part, the negative modulation of NO, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of positional asphyxia.
Animals ; Asphyxia ; Diaphragm/physiology* ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Rats ; Respiration Disorders ; Restraint, Physical ; Sepsis

The patient,a 11-year-old boy,presented with a 4-year history of erythema and vesicles on the face and arms as well as a 4-month history of tumor and ulcer on the extremities,accompanied by progressive fatigue and intermittent fever.The patient had a body temperature of 37.7℃.No lymph node involvement was observed.Cutaneous examination revealed minimally indurated pink-red patches on the face and nose and dusky red firm nodules and tumors of varying sizes on the extremities.The nodules ranged from 2.0 cm to 18 cm in diameter,some had necrosis and black crusts on the surface.Ulcers were observed in some of the larger nodules;many of the ulcers extended into the muscle layer.White purulent discharge was seen on the surface of many of the nodules.The lesions were sharply demarcated,firm,tender, and surrounded by small satelite nodules.Histologically,there were large quantities of irregularly shaped, middle-sized tumor cells with clear cytoplasm,large twisted nuclei and prominent chromatin,infiltrating from the epidermis to subcutaneous tissue.The tumor cells infiltrating the follicles and eccrine sweat glands were either distributed perivascularly in a nest shape,or dispersed.There were broken nuclei and reactive histio- cytic infiltration in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.Immunohistologically,the tumor cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3 around the nuclei,for CD56,CD45RO and T cell intracellular antigen-l,and partly for CD30,CD8 and Ki67.Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear RNA was positive with in situ hybridization. TCR?-2 gene rearrangement was positive in these tumor cells.A diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma was made.Therefore,this is a case report of hydroa vaccini- forme-like primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma with primary involvement in the skin;the condition was slowly progressive over 51 months.

Objective To explore the relationship between the endemic arsenism and the liver,renal damage.Methods Some permanent residents were selected as investigated subjects who lived at 3 villages in Datong in Shanxi Province,an arseniasis-endemic areas,These objects were divided into arsenic poisoning and control group on the basis of Diagnosis Standard for Endemic Arsenism(WS/T 211-2001).Then blood and urine samples were collected in the surveyed people.Serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase(ALT)were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as the indicator of the impaired hepatic function.The microdosis albumen (mAlb)and acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)in urine were detected by end-point method and alkaline picric acid as the renal damage indicators.Results A total of 661 people investigated,of which 144 cases were arsenic poisoning patients.The rates of abnormal liver function were significant hisher in arsenic poisoning group[10.42% (15/144)]than that in control[5.22%(27/517)],and both wag significant[X2=5.107,P＜0.05;OR=2.11,95%CI (1.09-4.08)].The geometric mean of mAlb/Ucr was 2.16 mg/g Cr in control,and 2.31 mg/g Cr in arsenic poisoning group,and both was not significant(t=-1.71,P＞0.05).The geometric mean of NAG waft higher in arsenic poisoning group(2.43 U/g Cr)than that in the control(2.22 U/g Cr),and both was significant(t=-3.55, P＜0.05).Conclusions The damage of the liver and renal function were related with endemic arsenism,and NAG is the early indicators suggesting impaired renal function due to endemic arsenism.

Objective To analyze the characteristic colligation force vector curves in hemiplegic patients. Methods Eleven hemiplegic patients were recruited, and 11 healthy elderly served as control. The characteristic changes of the patients with regard to colligation force vector demonstrated on a feedback apparatus of the "X.O.S"system during the dynamic training exercise program were analyzed and compared with that of the control group. Results The value of the colligation force vector passing most of the regions were significantly decreased ( P

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value and pathogenesis of serum protein identification in Keshan disease (KD).Methods A total of 65 chronic KD patients were selected as the patient group in KD endemic areas,while 29 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (the DCM group),62 healthy cases from KD endemic areas (control 1 group) and 28 healthy cases from non-endemic areas (control 2 group) were selected as controls.Liquid chip time of flight mass spectrometry (ClinProtTM MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to determine the expression of proteins/peptide peaks.ClinProTools 2.2 software was used to analyze the protein profiles to determine differentially expressed proteins/peptide peaks.The Genetic Algorithm (GA),QuickClassifer Algorithm (QC) and Supervised Neural Network Algorithm (SNN) methods were used to screen marker proteins.Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry technique (MALDI-TOF/TOF) was also used as a secondary mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed peptides.Results Between the KD and control 1 groups,34 differentially expressed proteins/peptides and 5 marker proteins were identified,while 52 differentially expressed proteins/peptides and 5 marker proteins were identified between the KD and control 2 groups,and there were 67 differentially expressed proteins/peptides and 5 marker proteins between the KD and DCM groups.During secondary mass spectrometry,two peptides for mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 2 079 and 1 465 were obtained,peptide of matching β-globin showed low expression while peptide of matching fibrinogen showed high expression in the KD patients.Conclusions Serum marker proteins can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and differentiation of KD.β-globin and fibrinogen play an important role in the development of KD myocardial injury.

Background Posterior capsular opacification(PCO) is common complication after extrecapsular extract of cataract.Matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) can degrade all the extracellular matrix except polyose.The gene therapy of PCO upon MMP-3 is the researching hot topic.Fibronectin ( FN ) is a degrade gelatin,so its expression can reflect the effect of MMP-3 on LECs indirectly. Objective The aim of this study was to construct MMP-3 eukaryotic recombination plasmid and transfect to lens epithelium cells(LECs) for the observation of MMP3 expression,and to explore the feasibility of gene therapy for after cataract. Methods Six fresh lenses were obtained from pigs.LECs were cultured using explant method.The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 was reconstructed with MMP-3 and pEGFP-N1 plasmids.The accuracy of MMP-3 gene fragment was confirmed by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis.After transfecting pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 into LECs of pig,the expression of MMP-3 protein in the cells was indirectly observed by green fluorescent protein.The expression of FN in LECs was detected using Western blot. Results The result of double enzyme digestion was consistent with the base number of pEGFP-N1 plasmids and target fragment.By enlacing the result of DNA sequencing analysis with software,the resemblance of the DNA sequence of MMP-3 from recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 and that of homo MMP-3 was 99.6％,indicating that the target fragment was inserted to pEGFP-N1 plasmids successfully.Green fluorescence for GFP was seen in the LECs in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 transfected group,but absent response for GFP was in empty vector group.Western blot revealed that the relative expression level of FN in LECs was 0.666±0.008 in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 trasfected group and 0.326 ±0.071 in empty vector group,with a significant difference between these two groups(P=0.000). Conclusions Eukaryotic recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 is successfully constructed,and MMP-3 can be expressed in LECs after transfected.These results lay a foundation for the further research of MMP-3 gene therapy for PCO.

AIM:To research the effects of lithium chloride on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in cultured human Tenon capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) and explore its mechanism.METHODS:HTFs were cultured and identified by vimentin staining with immunofluorescence and the morphological characteristics.The experimental group was processed 48h with LiCl in concentration of 80mmol/L, the control group without LiCl.The mRNA expression of TGF-β and CTGF in two groups were analyzed with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real time-qPCR) and the protein expression was detected with Western blot.RESULTS:The cultured HTFs expressed TGF-β and CTGF.The mRNA expression of TGF-β and CTGF significantly decreased compared with the control group(t=20.042, 14.995, P<0.05).the protein expression of TGF-β and CTGF also decreased significantly compared with the control group(t=46.058、12.452, P<0.05)CONCLUSION:The cultured HTFs can express TGF-β and CTGF in mRNA and proteins' level.LiCl can reduce the expression of TGF-β and CTGF both in gene and proteins' level.LiCl has the potential to modulate wound healing for glaucoma filtration surgery.

In order to remove invasive plasmids from Shigella flexneri 2a 2457T and Shigella sonnei S7 based on the principle of plasmid incompatibility Ori and inc genes were amplified by PCR from S. flexneri 2a invasive plasmids, and then they were cloned into plasmid pMD18 T, resulting recombinant plasmids pMDori and pMDinc After S flexneri 2a 2457T and S sonnei S7 were transformed with pMDori or pMDinc respectively Invasive plasmids were removed from S flexneri 2a 2457T and S sonnei S7

Objective: To analyze the epidemic trend of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019 and predict the incidence in 2020, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. Methods: The incidence data of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019 was retrieved from Nanjng Center for Disease Control and Prevention and National Infectious Disease Reporting System. The epidemic trend was analyzed by estimating the annual percent change ( APC ) and the average annual percent change ( AAPC ). The seasonal incidence of different types of viral hepatitis was analyzed by seasonal index. The autoregressive integrated moving average model ( ARIMA ) was built to predict monthly incidence rate of viral hepatitis in 2020. Results: The annual incidence rate of viral hepatitis was 62.00/100 000 in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019, showing a downward trend ( AAPC=8.4%, P<0.05 ). From 1998 to 2019, the annual incidence rates of hepatitis A, B, C and E were 1.98/100 000, 14.31/100 000, 2.30/100 000 and 2.60/100 000. The incidence of hepatitis A and B showed downward trends ( AAPC=-11.81%, -6.02%, both P<0.05 ); the incidence trend of hepatitis C was not obvious ( P>0.05 ); the incidence of hepatitis E showed an increasing trend ( AAPC=4.82%, P<0.05 ). From 2015 to 2019, the third and fourth quarters were the epidemic seasons of hepatitis A, B and C, while the first and second quarters were the epidemic seasons of hepatitis E. The ARIMA model predicted that the monthly incidence rates of viral hepatitis in 2020 would range from 1.26/100 000 to 3.69/100 000, among which hepatitis B ranged from 1.21/100 000 to 2.58/100 000, hepatitis C from 0.20/100 000 to 0.48/100 000, hepatitis E from 0.09/100 000 to 0.25/100 000. Conclusions The incidence of viral hepatitis in Nanjing shows a downward trend. Among different types of hepatitis, hepatitis B has a higher incidence. All types of hepatitis have epidemic seasons. It is predicted that the monthly incidence rates of viral hepatitis will be 1.26/100 000 to 3.69/100 000 in 2020.

Objective To study the current incidence of Keshan disease in Yunnan Province,and provide scientific basis for Keshan disease(KD) prevention and control. Methods Based on the Scheme of KD Surveillance, 16 villages in 11 counties were chosen as surveillance sites by the historical data. An survey was made to the residents in the 16 surveillance sites by filling in the questionnaire, inquiry medical history, clinical examination, electrocardiogram and 2 meters post-anterior chest X-ray for suspected cases. KD cases were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Keshan Disease(GB 17021-1997). The prevalence data of KD in the whole province were collected from the KD case report in 2007 and the trace surveys. Results There were 6877 residents in 16 surveillance sites of 11 surveillance counties and totally 39 KD cases were diagnosed with a detection ratio of 0.57% (39/6877). The detection ratio of latent and chronic KD were 0.41%(28/6877) and 0.16%(11/6877), respectively and no acute or subacute cases were found. The cases aged 5 to 14 years old accounting for 66.67% (26/39). Electrocardiogram examination of 6877 residents were made and 5.25% (361/6877) abnormal electrocardiograms were detected in the 16 surveillance sites. Fifty-five people were checked by chest X-ray and there were 31 cases with heart-chest ratio ≤0.50, 16 cases with heart-chest ratio from 0.51 to 0.55 and 8 cases with heart-chest ratio from 0.56 to 0.60. The prevalence rate and incidence rate of chronic KD were 4.24 per 100 000 and 0.50 per 100 000 in Yunnan. No acute or subacute cases were found and the latent cases were listed. The prevalence rate and incidence rate were 7.76 per 100 000 and 1.18 per 100 000 in the 16 surveillance sites. Conclusions The incidence of KD is low incidence in Yunnan Province. Higher ineidence of chronic KD was detected in the some areas and the corresponding control measures need to be adopted.