Objective To observe the time interval changes of the expression of Nogo-A in the intumescentia lumbalis of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE),and explore the function of Nogo-A in the happening and development of EAE.Methods One hundred and six Wistar rats(female) were randomly divided into 2 groups:EAE group(70 rats)and control group(36 rats).Female Wistar rats were used to make EAE animal models,immunized by fresh cavia cobaya spinal cord homogenate and complete Freund adjuvant(CFA),at the same time,their blood brain barrier permeability was lifted by using pertussis stock solution.The rats those were coincident with the standard of being picked up were divided into 6 groups randomly according to the time of falling ill.In control group,fresh guinea pig spinal cord homogenate was replaced by sodium chloride,and rats were also divided into 6 groups randomly.Immunohistochemistry SP was used to detect expression of Nogo-A.Amyelination was detected by improved acid fuchsin and azulin myelin staining.Results In the control group,differences of Nogo-A expression in the intumescentia lumbalis were not obvious in each time group.In the EAE group,expression of Nogo-A could be observed in each time group,but their quantities were very different in contrast with those in the control group.One day after the rats had clinic symptoms,the expression of Nogo-A decreased to some extent;the third day,it reached the lowest point,and was significantly lower than that in control group(P

OBJECTIVE: To develop the single-tube one-step methylation variable position (MVP) analysis technology-single-tube post-digestion PCR-melting curve analysis (PDP-MCA). METHODS: Based on differentially methylated region (DMR) reported previously as the model, a set of primers with different melting temperatures of products in the two sides of MVP were designed. By using the FastDigest methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (MSRE), DNA digestion, multiplex amplification, MCA detection and MCA profiles were performed in a single reaction tube. Same samples (peripheral venous blood, semen, and vaginal fluid, 5 samples each type) were tested by single-tube one step MVP and traditional MSRE-PCR MCA technology. To verify the feasibility of this method, the results were compared with that of the traditional technology. The MCA/HRM profiles of different samples were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: When the melting temperature of the fragments had a differential of 2 degrees C, the MCA melting peaks separated well, and MCA detection after multiplex amplification was successful. The single-tube PDP-MCA assay was developed, which integrated multiple reactions (digestion, amplification and detection) into one tube. By this method, the sample-specific profiles and data were analyzed in 2 h, which is similar to that of the traditional method. The rapid classifications of the samples were also realized. CONCLUSION Multiplex MVPs can be analyzed in a single closed-tube. The single-tube PDP-MCA technology is a simple, fast, and automatable method. It can be used for detection of DNA methylation variations.
DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Methylation/genetics* ; DNA Primers/genetics* ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards* ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation

Based on the Bacillus sp., isolated from Lop Nur Desert, the technology of separation and purification and the antioxidant effect were studied. After centrifugation and vacuum filtration, the deproteinization of supernatant was operated with Sevag reagent. The crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) was obtained by precipitation with ethanol. The optimum conditions for the isolation were as follow: pH 7.0, temperature 4?C, time 1.5 h, and material to ethanol ratio 1: 4. Dissolved in water, the crude EPS was fractional separated on activated carbon column (1.5 cm ? 24 cm), eluted with distilled water, 60% ethanol, 95% ethanol, and the main fraction was collected. Then the EPS was purified on Sephadex G-100 gel column, eluted with NaCl (0.2 mol/L). Fractions (4 mL, each) were also combined according to total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method and protein content was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue. The results showed that EPS was relatively homogeneous glycoprotein. The data of antioxidation in vitro showed that the EPS had a high antioxidant activity, which could quench hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and had antilipid peroxidation activity. All of these indicated that EPS was a good natural antioxidant.

ObjectiveTo explore the renal functions of vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro(BB) rats by using different concentrated Gadolinium-diethylenetetramine pentaacetic acid(Gd-DTPA) dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).MethodsThe study included 14 BB rats(male rats of 3 month-old) and 14 normal male Wistar rats used as control group.Dynamic MRI was performed by using either a low dosage(0.05 mmol/kg) or a high dosage of Gd-DTPA(0.5 mmol/kg).Data of 0-60 min renal cortex,medulla and pelvic were obtained after using contrast medium.MRI of kidneys at different time was analyzed and the mean relative signal intensity(RSI) was measured.Then the RSI curves of different groups were marked.Data of each group were caculated separately by SPSS 11.0 software.ResultsThe findings demonstrated that RSI curves of the vasopressin-deficient kidneys showed different patterns as compared with those of the control group(P

OBJECTIVETo inquire into the relationship between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene D9N, N291S and S447X polymorphisms and the development of cardiovascular diseases in children with obesity.

METHODSThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP) techniques were used to detect three common mutations of LPL gene exon D9N, N291S and S447X in 157 obese children and 175 normal controls. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels between children with different genotypes were compared.

RESULTSThe D9N and N291S gene mutations were not detected in either the obese or the control groups. There were no significant differences in the frequency of S447X gene mutation between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the levels of plasma lipid and lipoprotein between children with S447 and X447 genotypes.

CONCLUSIONSD9N and N291S gene mutations may not be risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in children with obesity. S447X gene mutation might not play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in childhood.

Adolescent ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Obesity ; genetics ; Risk Factors

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

Objective To investigate the effect of patient controlled subcutaneous analgesia (PCSA) of Sufentamil and Parecoxib sodium on the postoperative delirium in patients after the spinal surgery. Methods 240 patients with ASA Ⅱ- Ⅲ age 18-64 yrs after the spinal surgery were divided into two groups: group NO-PCSA (analgesic management: patients were accepted pethidine 25-50 mg intramuscular injection n = 120 );group PCSA (analgesic management: patient controlled subcutaneous analgesia was started since skin suture with the following composition:Sufentanil 0.9 ug/(kg.d)+Parecoxib sodium 120 mg+Tropisetron 10 mg+normal saline 150 mL. The PCSA setting was as follows:background infusion at 2 mL/h, a bolus dose of 0.5 mL, lockout interval 15 min. If the VAS was greater than 5, patient was accepted pethidine 25-50 mg intramuscular injection n=120) . The effect of analgesia was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) . The delirium was assessed by the confusion assessment, VAS and delirium were recorded with in 2, 24, 48, 72 hours postoperatively. Results During the analgesia period, the VAS and the incidence of postoperative delirium were significantly lower in group PCSA than those in group NO-PCSA ( <0.05) . Conclusion PCSA of Sufentamil and Parecoxib sodium have a good postoperative analgesic effect in patients after the spinal surgery. It is an effective measure and the incidence of postoperative delirium can be decreased by reliefing postoperative pain.

Objective To study the different effects of valsartan and extended realse nifedipine tablets on lowering blood pressure of essential hypertension patients and their reversal effects on left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods 100 cases of essential hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were randomly divided into valsartan group(group A) and adalt group(group B).Other antihypertensive drugs except diuretic were removed for 3 weeks.There were 50 cases in group A using valsartan 4～8mg qd,and 50 cases in group B using adalt 30～60 mg qd,the stud),lasted for 24 weeks.The blood pressure was measured and the altrasowic cardiogram examed in baseline and 24 weeks later.Results BP could be significantly reduced after treatment(P

Objective To study the doses and methods of F1 antigen(F1Ag) to immune Balb/c mice during the establishment of hybridoma cell strains. Secreting McAbs against F1Ag of Yersinia pestis. Methods Balb/c mice of seven to nine weeks old were randomly divided into six groups. The first four groups were 150, 100, 50 and 25 μg F1Ag inoculated group, having multipoint hypodermic inoculation of F1Ag of 150, 100, 50 and 25 μg followed by multipoint hypodermic inoculation of F1Ag of 100 μg for a second time and then intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg. Next, hypodermically inoculated group received F1Ag of 100 μg for three times in multiple points. Finally, the intraperitoneal injection group was intraperitoneally inoculated with F1Ag of 100 μg for three times. Emulsification liquid of F1Ag + Complete Frednd's adjuvant(CFA) of equivalence was used in the first inoculation, emulsification liquid of F1Ag + Incomplete Frednd's adjuvant(IFA) balanced mix in the second, F1Ag liquid in the third. One week afterwards, tail blood of the mice was collected to test antibody titers of anti-F1Ag by double antigens sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAgS-ELISA) and trace indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA). Results The levels of antibody of anti-F1Ag in 150,100,50 and 25 μg groups had statistics difference (DAgS-ELISA method: G = 12 173.87,13 440.37,15 024.19 and 4466.72, F= 3.11, P< 0.05;IHA: G = 19 972.32,18 089.40,23 170.47 and 4871.08, F = 4.11, P < 0.05). Immune effect of the 3 groups of 150, 100 and 50 μg was almost the same (P> 0.05), and excelled as compared with that in 25 μg group with statistics difference(DAgS-ELISA method: t = 2.18,2.39,2.73, P < 0.05;IHA: t = 2.54,2.73,3.13, P< 0.05). The titer of F1 antibody had an increasing trend from the 100 μg group to hypodermic group and intraperitoneal injection groups, but without statistics difference (DAgS-ELISA method: G = 8933.44, 9986.16, 13 440.37;IHA: G = 13 777.25,16 384.00, 18 089.40, F = 0.66,0.25, all P > 0.05). Conclusions Hyodermical inoculation of F1Ag with the first dose of 50 μg in multiple points for mouse is appropriate, and a strengthening dose of 100 μg in an intraperitoneal injection may shorten the immune period.

AIMTo detect effect of the different frequency of chronic electrical stimulation (CES) on myofibrillar isoform, myosin heavy chain (MHC) and metabolic enzyme activities.

METHODSThe histochemical method and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were respectively employed.

RESULTS(1)There were a significant increase in I myo-fibrillar isoform and I MHC isoform and decrease in II B myofibrillar isoform and II B MHC isoforms in the chronic low frequency electrical stimulation (CLFES) 10 Hz and 20 Hz groups, but opposite results were found in the chronic high frequency electrical stimulation (CHFES) 50 Hz and 100 Hz groups. (2) There were a significant increase in the aerobic-oxidative enzyme activities and capacity, and a concomitant significant drop in glycolysis enzyme activities in CLFES groups, but opposite results were found in CHFES 50 Hz and 100 Hz groups.

CONCLUSIONIt was suggested that there was a significant dependent relation between chronic electrical stimulation frequency and myofibrilla isoforms, myosin heavy chain (MHC) and metabolic enzyme activities.

Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Diaphragm ; enzymology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Muscle Contraction ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB ; metabolism ; Protein Isoforms ; Rabbits