In this paper, the RP-HPLC specific chromatography was adopted, with DIKMA-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) as the chromatographic column, with a gradient elution compose of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid at flow rate of 0.8 mL · min(-1), the detection wavelength was 220 nm. The difference of the HPLC specific chromatograms between the Lu Dangshen and other different base sources and different producing area of Codonopsis Radix was compared, involved in the similarities and differences of the number and the relative peak area of characteristic peaks in the HPLC specific chromatograms. The HPLC specific chromatograms of Lu Dangshen was established and the relative retention times of seven peaks was determined, and the peaks of codonopyrrolidium B, syringin, lobetyolin, tangshenoside I and atractylenoide III were identified; The HPLC specific chromatograms of Lu Dangshen provided a method for scientific evaluation and effective control the quality of Lu Dangshen from Shanxi famous-region.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective To study the relation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in serum and tumor necrosis fac- tor-?in serum and amniotic fluid in predicting ehorioamnhionitis in patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).Methods The levels of MMP-9 in serum and TNF-?in serum and amniotie fluid were measured by ra- dioimmunoassay and ELISA in 67 cases with premature rupture of membranes as study group and 40 cases normal full-termed pregnant women as controls group.Results(1)The levels of TNF-?in amniotie fluid and MMP-9 in serum in study group were significantly higher than those in controls group(P0.05).(2)In study group,the levels of MMP-9 of serum in0.05).Conclusions The levels of TNF-?in amniotic fluid and MMP-9 in serum were valuable clinical indices for identification of chorioamnionitis in patients with PROM.The levels of MMP-9 in serum also could assess the time of rupture of membranes and the degree of ehorioamnionitis.

Objective To explore the application of the model of performance management in the nurses overall quality of quantitative management.Methods Many methods were used such as drafting the standards of performance appraisal,calculating the workload of nursing,using the evaluation methods of multilevel,multi-angle,network evaluation,cooperative researching management software,using the results for nurse office promotion,job promotion,salary distribution,and training.Results The turnover rate of nurses between 2006 and 2010 respectively was 2.38％,2.47％,0.45％,0.95％,and 0.59％,and lower than 5.8％ that of 696 Grade A hospitals in 2007.The clinical nurse team were stabilized,the nurse's working enthusiasm was mustered,the level of overall hospital care was improved.Conclusions The application of the model of performance management in the nurses overall quality of quantitative management could lay the foundation for supervisor evaluating the nurse objectively and impartially,and the nurse self-discipline was improved,the work efficiency was improved,the quality of care was improved.

Objective To investigate key bonding point and existing problems of clinical doctor-nurse collaboration,in order to improve the collaboration and provide reference for seamless cooperation between doctors and nurses.Methods Open questionnaires were used to find out the bonding point of doctor-nurse collaboration and its problems.Questionnaire on existing problems of doctor-nurse collaboration ( doctor volume and nurse volume) was also designed for further analysis.247 nurses and 211 doctors in a third class A hospital in Shanxi province were included in this investigation,to work out the collaboration between nurses and doctors and the cause of existing problems.Results The score rates in 8 doctor - nurse bonding point were 30.35％ ～84.5％ in nurse volume and 31.3％ ～ 84.3％ in doctor volume.The highest score in both nurse and doctor volume was doctor' s operating dimension,which accounted for 84.5％ and 84.3％.Among 10 worst doctornurse collaboration items,people who scored more than or equal to 3 accounted for 63.97％ ～ 100.00％.Among 5 items which were the highest in both nurse and doctor volume,ward management accounted for 40％.82.94％ doctors who scored more than or equal to 3 believed that junior nurses' ability to cooperate was poorer.Conclusions Nurse performed poorly in cooperation during doctors' operation.Most problems lie in ward management.Problems in medical order handling and execution are most intractable.And junior nurses lack standardized training and competence evaluation.Therefore,establishing reasonable flow path and responsibilities is necessary to improve doctor-nurse collaboration.

OBJECTIVETo assay ligustilide content in the herb of Szechwan Lovage Rhizome (Chuanxiong, CX), which is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in order to assess the quality.

METHODLigustilide was quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography in 21 CX samples. An Alltima C18 column (4.6 mmx 150 mm, 5 microm) was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile (40:60). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL x min(-1) with the column temperature at ambient conditions. The detection wavelength was set at 350 nm.

RESULTThe average content of Z-ligustilide in 21 CX samples was found to be 7.40 +/- 3.54 mg x g(-1)(x +/- s, n = 21). Therefore,the content of Z-ligustilide in CX should not be less than 0.66% (calculated on the dried basis).

CONCLUSIONThe overall analytical procedure is rapid and accuracy which is considered suitable for the quantitative analysis of ligustilide in CX. The amount of ligustilide in CX samples collected from different cultivation areas was obviously different. However, a relatively higher content of ligustilide was generally found in the CX collected from its main cultivated areas.

4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhizome ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDRecent advances in real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) offer the potential to assess the left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony simultaneously by analyzing the 17 segments time-volume curves. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE for quantitative evaluation of left ventricular systolic synchronicity.

METHODSTwenty-four patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and twenty-five healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Full volume RT3DE was performed by using Philips IE33 with X3-1 probe. The global and 17-segmental time-volume curves were obtained by the on-line Qlab software (version 4.2). The time to minimal systolic volume in each segment (T(msv)) was taken to derive the following indexes of systolic asynchrony: T(msv) 16-SD, T(msv) 16-Dif, T(msv) 12-SD, T(msv) 12-Dif, T(msv) 6-SD and T(msv) 6-Dif, which meant the standard deviation or the maximal difference of T(msv) among the 16, 12 and 6 segments of the left ventricle respectively. The software also provided with each of the above parameters as a percentage of the cardiac cycle.

RESULTST(msv) 16-SD, T(msv) 12-SD and T(msv) 6-SD were all significantly larger in the DCM group than those of the control group [T(msv) 16-SD: (52.9 +/- 40.6) ms vs (8.8 +/- 6.2) ms; T(msv) 12-SD: (29.5 +/- 30.8) ms vs (6.9 +/- 4.0) ms; T(msv) 6-SD: (28.9 +/- 34.6) ms vs (7.0 +/- 4.7) ms, all P < or = 0.001]. T(msv) 16-Dif, T(msv) 12-Dif and T(msv) 6-Dif were also significantly larger in the DCM group. There were close negative relations between the LVEF determined by RT3DE and each of the indexes of systolic asynchrony, among which the indexes of T(msv)-16-SD% and T(msv)-16-Dif% correlated most closely (r = -0.703 and r = -0.701, respectively). The DCM patients had significantly larger EDV and ESV, with significantly reduced LVEF compared with the healthy subjects.

CONCLUSIONRT3DE provides a simple, useful and unique approach to assess the systolic synchronicity of all the left ventricular segments simultaneously.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke Volume ; Systole ; Ventricular Function, Left

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies showed that preservation of microvascular integrity after myocardial ischemia was associated with myocardial viability. Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) is a promising modality for non-invasive evaluation of microcirculation perfusion. Thus, it provides a unique tool to detect myocardial viability. We sought in this study to investigate the role of RT-MCE in predicting left ventricular (LV) functional recovery and remodeling after revascularization in patients with ischemic heart disease.

METHODSThirty-one patients with ischemic heart disease and resting regional LV dysfunction were included. LV volume, global and regional function were evaluated by echocardiography before and 6 - 9 months after revascularization. RT-MCE was performed before revascularization using low mechanical index power modulation imaging. Myocardial contrast opacification of dysfunctional segments was scored on a 3-point scale and mean contrast score in dysfunctional segments was calculated. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to mean contrast score in dysfunctional segments: group A, patients with mean contrast score = 0.5 (n = 19); group B, patients with mean contrast score < 0.5 (n = 12).

RESULTSWall motion improvement was found to be 94.5%, 45.5% and 16.1% respectively (P < 0.01) in homogenous, patchy and absent contrast opacification segments. At baseline, there was no significant difference in LV volume and global function between the two groups. After revascularization, group B had significantly larger LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and higher wall motion score index (WMSI) than those of group A (all P < 0.05). Revascularization was followed by significant improvement of LV volume and recovery of global LV function in group A (all P < 0.01); however, in group B, after revascularization, deterioration of LVEDV (P < 0.05) was observed, moreover LVESV, WMSI and LVEF did not change significantly.

CONCLUSIONSThe maintenance of myocardial microcirculation detected by RT-MCE can predict functional recovery and LV remodeling after revascularization in patients with ischemic heart disease, which might be helpful in clinical decision-making and risk stratification.

Adult ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Revascularization ; methods ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Recovery of Function ; Stroke Volume ; Time Factors ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Ventricular Remodeling

OBJECTIVETo study the bone state with ultimate stress by examining biomechanical distribution of upper femur in Chinese, in order to accumulate more experiences for clinical work.

METHODSTotally 60 Chinese femurs from fresh cadavers were randomly divided into two groups. All the femurs were cleaned, and the body age ranged from 36 to 72 years old, averaged 56.4 years, including 41 from males, and 19 from females. These two groups underwent mechanical stress and bending stress tests. Special mechanical laboratory and machines were used to get the information. Results about the loading value at each testing point under stress were collected.

RESULTSThe four faces of the upper femur suffered different stress under external forces. The bone on upper femur can tolerate more mechanical stress than bending stress. Medial and lateral region of the femur neck and the rear side of the small tuberosity section were themain position enduring the vertical stress. The rear position of the base femur neck and the small tuberosity section were the main regions enduring the bending stress. Those main positions had strong cancellous bones. The intertrochanteric fracture fixation and artificial femoral stems were designed depending on this biomechanical basis.

CONCLUSIONAccording to our experiment result, doctors need to chose more effective fixations for upper femur fracture, and femoral stems for the patients. More information should be collected by further researches.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Femur ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo report the clinical characteristics and treatment of 3 patients with juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG).

METHODSA retrospective review of the medical records of 3 patients with JXG.

RESULTSJXG was characterized by solitary or multiple yellowish cutaneous nodules, or eye involvement . It could also affect pituitary. JXG was easily misdiagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Treatment for JXG was surgical excision of a solitary skin lesion and some cases might be, spontaneous regression. In cases with multisystem involvement, chemotherapy regimens used to treat LCH may be effective.

CONCLUSIONSJXG is one of the more common non-Langerhans histiocytic proliferations and is frequently seen in infants and children. LCH-like chemotherapy is effective for patients with symptomatic multisystem JXG.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China.

METHODSA cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively. Body weight retention was the difference of the measured data after postpartum minus pre-pregnant weight. Variance analysis was used for statistic comparison.

RESULTSThe rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 70.9% (290/409) within four months. The net body weight retention of women (5.8 kg) using the exclusive breastfeeding was lower than that of the women (7.0 kg) using artificial feeding within 4 - 6 months, but there was no significantly statistic difference (F = 1.45, P = 0.236). However, there was the opposite result within 7 - 9 months, the data showed that the body weight retention in the women using the exclusive breastfeeding was 4.9 kg, which was significantly higher than that the women (2.9 kg) with artificial feeding (F = 3.17, P = 0.043). The food consumption of the women (901 g) using exclusive breastfeeding was the highest, followed by those (877 g) using mixed feeding and the women (750 g) using artificial feeding.

CONCLUSIONThe body weight retention after postpartum should be related to infant feeding patterns. After postpartum, the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. While, for the women using the exclusive breastfeeding, the net weight retention during pregnancy and after postpartum were lower than those with artificial feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast-feeding as well as increasing awareness on pre-pregnant health.

Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies