Objective To investigate the effects of different duration of sevoflurane anesthesia in the neonatal period on the long?term cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats. Methods Twenty?four pathogen?free healthy Sprague?Dawley rats of both sexes, aged 7 days, weighing 12-16 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C) , sevoflu?rane anesthesia for 2 h group ( group S1 ) , and sevoflurane anesthesia for 6 h group ( group S2 ) . Group S1 and group S2 inhaled 2% sevoflurane for 2 and 6 h, respectively. Morris water maze test was performed at 30 days after the end of anesthesia ( postnatal day 37) to assess the cognitive function. After the end of the test, the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampi were isolated for determination of the expression of brain?de?rived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) , postsynaptic density?95 ( PSD?95) and synapsin 1 in hippocampal tis?sues by Western blot. Results Compared with group C, the escape latency on 4th and 5th days of the test in group S1 and on 2nd-5th days of the test in group S2 was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly decreased, and the time of staying at the platform quadrant was significantly shortened in S1 and S2 groups, the expression of BDNF, PSD?95 and synapsin 1 in hipp?ocampal tissues was significantly down?regulated in group S2 (P<0?05), and no significant change was found in the expression of BDNF, PSD?95 and synapsin 1 in hippocampal tissues in group S1 ( P>0?05) . Compared with group S1 , no significant change was found in the escape latency and frequency of crossing
the original platform (P>0?05), the time of staying at the platform quadrant was significantly shortened, and the expression of BDNF, PSD?95 and synapsin 1 in hippocampal tissues was significantly down?regula?ted in group S2 ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Short?time and long?time sevoflurane anesthesia both can induce long?term cognitive dysfunction in the neonatal period, and the severity is aggravated with prolonged anes?thesia; the partial mechanism is related to inhibition of the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons of rats.

Chronic intermitted hypoxia including sleep breathing disorder leads to brain injury. This study explores the potential therapeutic effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin as a neuroprotective agent. A rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia was employed, and the animals were given low or high doses of grape seed proanthocyanidin. The ultrastructure changes in the brain, the biochemical components, and the animal behavior were examined. The results showed that with hypoxia exposure, neuronal mitochondria exhibited injuries at ultrastructural level, with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining revealed increased cell apoptosis in hippocampus. In Morris water maze the animals showed decreased learning abilities, when compared to normal control. The administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin treatment reversed all these observed changes, and improved the learning behavior. We concluded that grape seed proanthocyanidin could alleviate the brain injury caused by hypoxia from sleep breathing disorder.

OBJECTIVETo study sedative, analgesic, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts from Piper boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense.

METHODEtOAc soluble constituents and EtOH soluble constituents were administered 50, 100 mg x kg(-1) to mice respectively. The sedative effects were determined by autonomic action test. The analgesic effects were observed by the twisting test induced by acetic acid. The antidepressant effects were investigated by the forced swimming test. The anti-inflammatory effects were studied by auricle swelling induced by xylene.

RESULTEtOAc extracts could significantly lower autonomic action times, reduce squirming induced by acetic acid accumulated immobility time in forced swimming and auricle swelling values by xylene. But EtOH extracts could only decrease autonomic action times and accumulated immobility time.

CONCLUSIONThe active ingredients with sedation, analgesia, antidepressant and anti-inflammation in P. boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense exist mainly in the EtOAc extracts.

Acetates ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Antidepressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Piper ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To study the effects of Apelin on glucose toxicity and islet cells PDX-1 protein expression.Methods The islet β cell line NIT-1 cells were incubated in the medium containing different glucose concentrations(normal glucose concentration group 5.6 mmol/L,high glucose concentration group 16.7 mmol/L,extremely high glucose concentration group 33.3 mmol/L) and +/-Apelin-36 respectively for 3 d.Then the basic insulin secretion amount of islet cells and their secretion amount after glucose stimulation were detected.The intracellular insulin content and the PDX-1 protein and mRNA expression were detected.Results Compared with the normal glucose group,the basic insulin secretion,secretion after stimulation and intracellular insulin in the high glucose group and extremely high glucose group were significantly decreased and PDX-1 protein expression was declined(P＜ 0.05);compared with non-adding Apelin group,the basic insulin secretion,secretion after stimulation and intracellular insulin in the adding Apelin high glucose group and extremely high glucose group were significantly decreased and PDX-1 protein expression was decreased(P＜0.05);the insulin level in islet cells of 6 groups was positively correlated with PDX-1 protein expression and had no correlation with PDX-1 mRNA expression.Conclusion Apelin may participate in the glucose toxic effect by decreasing PDX-1 protein expression,causes the decrease of insulin secretion,thus plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

0.05).Coincidence both of them in subtypes of ADHD diagnosed by 2 different ways were lower than 50% in the 6.0-6.9 and over 10.0 years old groups,but coincidence both of them were higher than 60% in 7.0-7.9,8.0-8.9,9.0-9.9 years old groups.What's more,there were significant differences though ?2 variance analysis in subtypes of ADHD by 2 different ways(Pa

Objective:It is demostrated that the porous protein-mineral mechanics model could provide more accurate prediction for biomaterial properties of dentine compared with the other established models.This paper would use the model to reevaluate the mechanical properties and its interacting mechanism of human dentine.Method:By using a porous proteinmineral mechanics model,the effect from the interactions between tubules,pedtubular and intertubular matrix on dentine microstructure was discussed.Results:The dentinal micromechanical properties were dependent on the tubular direction,and the absolute values of the stresses derived from the hydraulic and gas tubular pressures increased parabolically with theincreasing diameter of the tubules.It was also found that the effective elastic constants of the dentine microstructure would vary with the aging and the distribution of mineral and collagen within peritubular and intertubular matrix of detine.Conclusions:The theoretical analyses provided in this paper demonstrated that the microstructural characteristics of tubules,peritubular and intertubular dentinal matdx could have different influences on the micromechanical properties of human dentine,which showed the validity of porous protein-mineral mechanics model,and the limitation of some models that neglected the interacting mechanism.

Objective:It is demostrated that the porous protein-mineral mechanics model could provide more accurate prediction for biomaterial properties of dentine compared with the other established models.This paper would use the model to reevaluate the mechanical properties and its interacting mechanism of human dentine.Method:By using a porous proteinmineral mechanics model,the effect from the interactions between tubules,pedtubular and intertubular matrix on dentine microstructure was discussed.Results:The dentinal micromechanical properties were dependent on the tubular direction,and the absolute values of the stresses derived from the hydraulic and gas tubular pressures increased parabolically with theincreasing diameter of the tubules.It was also found that the effective elastic constants of the dentine microstructure would vary with the aging and the distribution of mineral and collagen within peritubular and intertubular matrix of detine.Conclusions:The theoretical analyses provided in this paper demonstrated that the microstructural characteristics of tubules,peritubular and intertubular dentinal matdx could have different influences on the micromechanical properties of human dentine,which showed the validity of porous protein-mineral mechanics model,and the limitation of some models that neglected the interacting mechanism.

Adolescent ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; pathology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lumbar pedicle screw fixation and intervertebral body fusion in treating far lateral lumber disc herniation.

METHODSFrom June 2007 to June 2009, 25 patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation were treated with unilateral lumbar pedicle screw fixation and intervertebral body fusion. There were 12 males and 13 females,which ranged in age from 37 to 68, with an average of 54.6 years. The course of disease was from 3 to 36 months with an average of 8.8 months. All the patients had pain and/or numbness and/or soreness in front and/or the back of unilateral leg and buttocks; muscle strength, sensation and tendon reflexes had declined of different degrees. Lumbar CT or MRI showed far lateral lumbar disc herniation. Neurological function and lumbar function were respectively evaluated according to JOA 29 score system (including subjective, objective symptom and bladder function) and Oswestry disability index (ODI).

RESULTSAll the patients were followed-up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 24 months. Postoperative wound healed well and no perioperative complications and follow-up complications were found. Neurological function of patients obtain recovery of difference degrees. At final follow-up, JOA score and ODI improved compared with that of preoperative data (P < 0.01); the mean improvement rate of JOA score was 94.3%. All patients got good bone fusion and no recurrence cases were found.

CONCLUSIONUnilateral lumbar pedicle screw fixation and intervertebral body fusion could increase the initial stability after fusion, restore and maintain the intervertebral height, and elevate the improvement rate in treating far lateral lumber disc herniation. The surgical method is safe, effective and reliable, but need to strictly control indications.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

ZHU Lian studied medicine from 17 years old and studied acup-moxibustion from October 1944. She raised the principle of acupuncture and moxibustion treating diseases in the middle period of the last century, "Acupuncture-moxibustion mainly stimulates and regulates human nerve system, particularly, regulative function and control function of high central nerve system including the cerebral cortex, so as to cure diseases". Also, she first put forward 3 keys of acupuncture-moxibustion treating diseases, stressed aseptic manipulation, and originated a safe needle-retaining method, finger-pressure therapy and maxo roll moxibustion; she found 19 new acupoints. Her academic thought of acupuncture and moxibustion will become a bridge of integrated Chinese medicine and western medicine and will produce inestimable influence on acupuncture and moxibustion sciences.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; History, 20th Century