Objective To study morphological changes of rabbit artery endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis caused by high fluoride and the role of selenium. Methods Twenty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, body weight (2.0 ± 0.5)kg, were randomly divided into control group(drinking deionized water, fed basic diet), fluoride group(drinking fluoride 100 mg/L deionized water, fed basic diet), selenium group(drinking selenium 1 mg/L deionized water, fed basic diet), fluoride plus selenium group(drinking fluoride 100 mg/L deionized water, selenium 1 mg/L of deionized water, fed basic diet). The experimental period was 6 months. At 0, 3, 6 months of the experiment, serum fluorine and selenium levels were determined. At the end of the experiment,thoracic aorta was collected to observe its pathology and ultrastructural changes. Results Serum fluoride was significantly higher at the 3rd and the 6th month of experiment(all P ＜ 0.01 ) in fluoride group[ (0.589 ± 0.146),(0.772 ± 0.175)mg/L] and fluoride plus selenium group[ (0.502 ± 0.094), (0.693 ± 0.158)mg/L] than in control group[ (0.174 ± 0.002), (0.208 ± 0.031 )mg/L] and serum fluoride was significantly higher at 6 months than at 3 months(P ＜ 0.05 ) in fluoride group. Serum selenium was significantly higher at the 3rd and the 6th month of experiment (all P ＜ 0.01 ) in selenium group[ (0.252 ± 0.022), (0.319 ± 0.052)mg/L] and fluoride plus selenium group[ (0.239 ±0.016), (0.294 ± 0.018)mg/L] than in control group[(0.135 ± 0.014), (0.167 ± 0.019)mg/L], and serum selenium was significantly higher at the 6th month than at 3rd month of experiment in selenium group(P ＜ 0.05). Endothelial cell apoptosis indices were (4.92 ± 1.32)%, (30.30 ± 6.80)%, (6.57 ± 2.14)% and (14.29 ± 2.99)%, respectively in control group, fluoride group, selenium group and fluoride plus selenium group. Their main effect of fluorine and selenium was statistically significant (F = 106.833,20.082, all P ＜ 0.01 ). There were antagonistic effect between fluoride and selenium(F = 30.402, P ＜ 0.01 ). Pathological changes of rabbit aortic endothelial cells in fluoride group included endothelial with attached fibrin and red blood cells, and structural of the cells changed, with serious vascular injury; in fluoride plus selenium group apoptosis of endothelial cells decreased, with reduced number of attached red blood cells and fibrin, endothelial cell structure normal, the extent and scope of vascular damage significantly reduced. Conclusions Appropriate amount of selenium inhibits the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by high fluoride, reduces aortic structural damage caused by high fluoride, and maintains the integrity of endothelial cells, thereby antagonizes the vascular damage and atherosclerosis induced by high fluoride.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of adiponectin (APN) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. Primary cardiomyocytes were obtained from neonatal rats by enzymatic digestion method and identified by immunofluorescent technique. Primary cells cultured for 72 h were used in experiment and divided into 5 groups randomly: Control group, H/R group, H/R+APN group, H/R+APN+adenine 9-beta-D-arabinfuranoside (AraA, AMPK inhibitor) group, and H/R+AraA group. The cardiocyte morphology and beating rate were observed under inverted microscope. The DNA ladder was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, the malondialchehyche (MDA) content in myocardial cells and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the supernatant were measured using kits, the fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca2+ was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope, and the phosphorylation of AMPK was determined by Western blotting. Compared with control group, H/R group showed increased apoptotic rate, oxidative stress level, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation level of AMPK (P<0.05), while significant ameliorations in the above indices were seen in H/R+APN group. On the contrast, AraA attenuated the protective effect of APN and decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results suggest that adiponectin can protect cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through AMPK pathway.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Adiponectin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To study the effect of different concentrations of fluoride on cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells(HUVEC). Methods Different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) were added to HUVEC culture medium, fluoride concentrations were 0(control), 100,400,700,1000,2000 μmol/L, respectively,6 re-set hole in each group. After continuous culture for 48 h, cells and culture medium were collected. Cell morphology was studied by Wright-Giemsa staining; cells apoptosis was determined by acridine orange fluorescence staining; cell activity was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity, malonaldehyde(MDA) content, induced nitricoxide synthase(iNOS), and endothelia nitricoxide synthase(eNOS) activity in cell culture medium were determined by spectrophotometry; cell iNOS mRNA and eNOS mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.Results With increased dose of fluoride, HUVEC cells decreased, the structure changed. In 400 - 2000 μmol/L group, the SOD activity[(6.627 ± 0.213), (6.668 ± 0.152), (5.935 ± 0.122), (4.755 ± 0.182)kU/L] was lower than those of the control group[(7.457 ± 0.398)kU/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], GSH-Px activity[(481.284 ± 43.785),(492.223 ± 16.474), (382.762 ± 25.167), (293.687 ± 24.881 )kU/L] was also lower than those of the control group [(585.078 ± 47.323)kU/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], MDA level[(0.609 ± 0.011 ), (0.646 ± 0.016), (0.852 ± 0.013),(1.188 ± 0.045)nmol/L] was higher than those of the control group[(0.512 ± 0.027)nmol/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01];iNOS activity[(3.604 ± 0.115), (3.615 ± 0.075), (3.848 ± 0.103), (4.275 ± 0.079)kU/L] also was higher than those of the control group[(2.798 ± 0. 136)kU/L, all P ＜ 0.01], iNOS mRNA expression increased, eNOS activity [(5.539 ± 0.079), (5.503 ± 0.064), (5.226 ± 0.142), (4.809 ± 0. 107)kU/L] decreased compared to those of control group[(5.996 ± 0.155)kU/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], eNOS mRNA expression decreased; ICAM-1 levels [(0.852 ± 0. 102), (0.886 ± 0.061 ), (0.961 ± 0.158), (1.418 ± 0. 167)μg/L] increased compared to those of the control group[(0.687 ± 0.046)μg/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], VCAM-1 levels[(2.719 ± 0.197), (2.946 ± 0.167),(3.173 ± 0.225 ), (3.613 ± 0. 153 ) μg/L] was higher than those of the control group [(2.375 ± 0.067 ) μg/L, all P ＜0.01]. Conclusions High concentrations of fluoride reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which leads to metabolic disorders of nitric oxide and abnormal cytokines expression, thereby inhibiting vascular endothelial cell growth, structural change and induced apoptosis. This is an important factor in high fluoride-induced vascular endothelial injury.

Objective To explore the impacts of different excipients on physical and chemical properties of Acteoside solid lipid nanoparticles (Acteoside-SLN),and make experimental evidence for the study of prescription SLN.Methods Emulsification-evaporation was appropriate for the preparation of Acteoside-SLN.Single variable method was used for fumbling the effects of Compritol 888 ATO,glyceryl monostearate,soy lecithin,Myrj52 and other accessories on the physicochemical properties including nanoparticles particle size,encapsulation efficiency and characterization dispersity (PDI) of Acteoside-SLN.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of Acteoside-SLN and the structure of Acteoside in SLN was measured by XRD.Results With the increasing of the amount of Compritol 888 ATO,the particle size of nanoparticles decreased significantly,encapsulation efficiency decreased slightly,PDI increased;With the increasing of amount of glycerol monostearate,particle size increased obviously,encapsulation efficiency decreased slightly,and PDI decreased;With the increasing of the amount of lecithin,particles size increased significantly,encapsulation efficiency decreased,and PDI decreased;With the increasing of Myrj52 amount,the nanoparticles particle size decreased,encapsulation rate and PDI increased slightly.The appearance of Acteoside-SLN was presented uniform spherically.Acteoside was wrapped in SLN in a molecular dispersion state.Conclusion Various additives have a greater impact on physicochemical properties of Acteoside-SLN,and inspiration for prescription screening of SLN is supplied by this study.

Objective:To preliminarily assess the stability, effectiveness, and safety of the electrophysiological stimulation feedback instrument DS21 for non-invasive screening diabetes.Methods:Totally 46 cases were selected and divided into health control group (NC,n=17),impaired glucose regulation group(IGR, n=15), and diabetes group (DM, n=14) based on OGTT and diabetic history.All cases signed informed consent, were performed routine check-up and biochemical examination, and collected history, and underwent three times tests by electrophysiological stimulation feedback instrument.Three conductance values of this instrument were recorded for each case, the deviation of average values were calculated, to evaluate its stability and effectiveness, and the adverse reactions were observed.Results:The maximum of the mean conductance value deviation was 4.4, the minimum value was 0.2 in the 46 subjects, which were all less than 5.0, The conductance values were 77.9±5.2,70.4±5.7, and 54.7±11.4 in NC, IGR, and DM group, respectively.The trend of conductance value was NC >IGR > DM group.The difference of conductance values among groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).After adjusting for gender,age, and body mass index (BMI), the difference of conductance values among groups was still statistically significant (P<0.01).There was no adverse event in the test in 46 cases.Conclusions:Electrophysiological stimulation feedback instrument DS21 is stable, reliable.The conductance values are different in subject with different glucose metabolism.

Objective:To explore the value of arginine stimulation test in evaluating the first-phase insulin secretion and its guiding role for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Totally 80 cases with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(NT2DM),male/female,54/26),162 type 2 diabetes subjects with effective treatment by lifestyle intervention or oral hypoglycemic drugs therapy(LIODT),male/female,79/83),160 subjects with insulin therapy(IT),,male/female,63/97 and 40 subjects with normal glucose level(NC,male/female,5/35)were admitted in the study in Department of Endocrinology,and the Physical Examination Center of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University.Arginine stimulation test was performed to assess the first-phase insulin secretion.Fasting and 2,4,6 min glucose(G),insulin(I)and c-peptide(CP)after arginine stimulating were tested.Objective:The Δ I,Δ I/G,Δ CP/G in arginine stimulation test were decreased significantly in the patients with NT2DM,LIODT and IT groups than those in the NC group(P<0.01).Among different groups of type 2 diabetes,Δ I,Δ CP,Δ I/G,ΔCP/G were decreased significantly in the IT group than the other two groups(P<0.01).The normal cut-off point of AIR was Δ I≥23.09 mU/L.Δ I,Δ I/G,Δ CP/G negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and HbA1c,and Δ I,Δ CP,Δ I/G,Δ CP/G were negatively correlated with daily dose and numbers of oral diabetic medications after adjustment for gender,age,BMI.In the known type 2 diabetes groups(including LIODT and IT group),the optimal cut-off values from ROC curve for initiating insulin therapy were ΔI≤12.23 mU/L,and ΔCP≤0.97 ng/mL(P<0.01).Conclusions:Arginine stimulation test can effectively assess the first-phase insulin secretion.In type 2 diabetes,ΔI≤12.23 mU/L or ΔCP≤0.97 ng/mL suggest severely lost of first-phase insulin secretion,and need insulin therapy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of short-term very low calorie diet(VLCD)on the weight of hospitalized patients with obesity and the patients' compliance.Methods: From November 2015 to November 2016,30 inpatients with obesity or overweight in Zhongshan Hospital received VLCD intervention with total calorie intake of 800 kcal/d (1 kcal= 4.186 8 kJ)during hospitalization.The body weight before and after VLCD intervention were compared and the tolerance was observed.After discharge,the diet and weight data were followed up for 6 months.Results:After short-term VLCD intervention for(8 ± 3)d,the body weight decreased from(95.93 ± 23.28)kg to(92.86 ± 22.78)kg(P<0.001).No severe adverse effects were observed.The long-term compliance of patients on VLCD was relatively poor.Conclusions:Short-term VLCD can significantly induce the weight loss in patients with obesity,which is well tolerated.While the long-term compliance on VLCD is relatively poor and should be strengthened in the future.

Objective To investigate the prevention of diarrhea by oral BIFICO for infants aged 1-6 years.Methods 490 cases of infants were randomly divided after age stratification:the experimental group (n =247) and the control group (n =243).Based on principles of randomized double-blind and placebocontrolled,the infants were given BIFICO(dedicated clinical research)therapy for 4 consecutive days,then observed for 21 days.25 days composed a cycle.They were observed total 5 cycles.During the study period,principles for "the diarrhoea patients must be detected",follow-up visited the participant infants and conducted etiology detection by way of sampling for diarrhea infants.Evaluate the prevention efficacy of diarrhea by oral BIFICO for infants aged 1-6 years.Results A total of 480 completed all study.120 and 95 infants in the control group and experimental group were detected with diarrhea.The incidence of diarrhea was 50.85％ and 38.93％ in these two guoup,respectively.The difference has statistical significance (x2 =4.175,P =0.041).In the third observation period,the infants in the control group had a higer incidence of diarrhea compared with which in the experimental grouP(x2 =4.415,P =0.036).14 strains of rotavirus,3 strains of norovirus,3 strains of sappovirus,2 strains of adenovirus,5 strains of salmonella and 4 strains of Shigella were check out in 128 samples.Conclusion Oral BIFICO can paly certain preventive role on diarrhea,and decrease the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 1-6 years.

Objective To report and study a case of sporadic family fatal insomnia(SFFI)on its. Methods Investigate clinical characteristics and family disease history of a suspect FFI patient His clinical characteristic was analyzed, he and his 14 family members genomic DNA was extracted by standard techniques from their and blood detected with polymersse chain reaction(PCR) method and DNA sequencing to find out his prion protein (PrP)gene mutation. The patient's CSF was detected with Western-Blot method for 14-3-3 brain protein. Results The patient was diagnosed as an sporadic FFI by his developed sleep disturbance and changes in sleep-awake rhythm, motor abnormalities, mental disorder, dementia, autonomic dysfunction ; his family history ; his 14-3-3 brain protein-positive (CSF) and analysis results of his PrP gene (codon point mutation D178N and methionine homozygosity at position 129M/M). Suggesting that in the future to identify CJD and FFI patients, screening should focus on clinical symptoms and laboratory results. The PrP gene of 14 family members did not appear Mutation, and there is no person suffering from the same disease. Conclusions The case was diagnosed as a sporadic familial fatal insomnia. Analysis of suspicious patients' genomic DNA for PrP gene mutation might be very important for FFI diagnosis because there exist many difficulties in clinical laboratory evaluation. This patient might be the first SFFI patient reported in China and the case finding might have momentousness in clinical and basical study.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical application value of flexible multi-analyte profiling (xMAP) technology in detecting high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV).

METHODSTotally 1 061 women, aged 21-65 years, were randomly enrolled into the study. Cervical exfoliated cells were used in xMAP technology and hybrid capture II (hc2). Pathological diagnosis was used as golden standard. Consistency of these two methods was assessed.

RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of xMAP technology were 80.31% and 85.83%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 44.5% and 96.9%, respectively. The Kappa value for consistency between xMAP technology and hc2 was 0.58.

CONCLUSIONSThe specificity of xMAP technology is similar to hc2 test, but the sensitivity is inferior to hc2. However, these two methods show good consistency in the detection of HR-HPV.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervix Uteri ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; Virology ; methods ; Young Adult