Objective Using solid dispersion technique to prepare Silymarin Dropping Pill to accelerate dissolution and to improve bioavailability. A central composite design-response surface method was employed to select the optimum formulations. Methods Independent variables were Poloxamer 188 content and silymarin content, while dependent variables were disintegrating time and percent of silymarin dissoluted at a definite time. Linear, two and three order quadratic models were used to estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Response surfaces were delineated according to best-fit mathematic models and optimum formulations were selected there from. Prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. Results Three order quadratic equation was the best-fitted mathematic models to describe the relationship between dependent and independent variables, with a regression coefficient of 0.998. Bias between observed and predicted values of disintegrating time and dissolution percentage of optimum formulation dropping pill were negligible, indicating the high predictability of the fit models. Percent dissolution of Silymarin Dropping Pill at 60 min was 19 times as that of conventional tablets. Conclusion Dissolution speed of silymarin can be effectively improved through incorporating into dropping pills. It shows that the optimum mathematic model is highly predictive. The central composite design-response surface method can be fairly used in formulation screening.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of Shugan Jieyu Capsules (SJC) on type III B prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction.

METHODSA total of 98 patients with type III B prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction were equally randomized to a control and a trial group, the former treated with the combination of biofeedback/electrical stimulation and the α-blocker Tamsulosin Hydrochloride, and the latter with oral SJC in addition, both for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, the severity of the symptoms was determined with NIH-CPSI, the patients'sexual function evaluated with CIPE-5 and IIEF-5, and their anxiety, depression and other psychological problems assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HAMD). The results were subjected to statistical analysis and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSStatistically significant differences were found between the control and trial groups in the NIH-CPSI score (26.31 ± 7.91 vs 18.84 ± 6.63, P < 0.01), CIPE-5 premature ejaculation score (10. 41 ± 3.03 vs 14.37 ± 2.35, P < 0.05), IIEF-5 score (10.29 ± 3.97 vs 14.69 ± 4.19, P < 0.05), HAMA score (24.31 ± 1.78 vs 13.41 ± 4.21, P < 0.01), and HAMD score (25.24 ± 2.83 vs 14.49 ± 4.44, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJC can effectively relieve anxiety, depression and other psychological problems in type III B prostatitis patients with sexual dysfunction and improve their clinical symptoms as well.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; Anxiety ; drug therapy ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Capsules ; Depression ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Prostatitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use

Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Mental Disorders ; Nervous System Diseases ; Research Design ; trends

Objective To investigate epidemiological pattern of dementia and major subtypes,we conducted a prevalence survey in Beijing,China. Methods A door to door three phase procedure was used to ascertain dementia A Chinese version of Mini Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was administered to all participates in 1997 Then,those who failed the screening tests and those of the normal,but having a suspected history of cognitive impairment were interviewed by neurologists or psychiatrists for a diagnostic assessment of dementia,Alzheimer′s dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) using the DSM IV,NINCDS ADRDA,and NINCDS AIREN criteria Validity of the diagnostic approach was confirmed by a follow up study in 1998 Participants a total of 5 913 residents aged 55 years and over from 12 urban and 17 rural communities was drawn through a stratified multiple stage cluster sampling 5 743 (96 1%) were interviewed. Results A total of 262 cases of mild to severe dementia were identified The crude and age standardized prevalence in individuals aged 55 years and over were 4 6% and 4 2% for dementia (all causes),2 2% and 2 0% for AD,and 1 6% and 1 5% for VaD,respectively The prevalence of AD increased doubling every 5 years with age,but the prevalence of VaD increased low and slow The age standardized prevalence of AD was 1 7% in men lower than 2 1% in women,but the prevalence of VaD was 1 7% in men higher than 1 3% in women for individuals aged 55 years and over The difference in age standardized prevalence of AD between urban and rural communities was not significant that was 1 8% versus 2 2% in individuals aged 55 years and over; but the corresponding figures of VaD in rural (2 2%) was significantly higher than that in urban (1 0%) Either for AD or for VaD,there were no significant relationships between age standardized prevalence rates and educational levels Conclusion Our overall prevalence of dementia and its subtypes is considerably higher than previously reported estimates from China and similar to those reported in whites The epidemiological and clinical patterns for AD differed from VaD,but it was similar to those reported in whites It suggests that there are no substantial differences across cultures for AD

Aged ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasonic elastography and fine flow imaging in differential diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes.Methods Totally 87 lymph nodes were examined with ultrasonic elastography,fine flow and conventional ultrasonography.The results were confirmed with postoperative pathology or fine-needle biopsy as well as follow-up.Using consistency check of Kappa and ROC curve to analyse the accuracy of three types of ultrasonic examination.Results Taking the results of postoperative pathology or fine-needle biopsy as well as follow-up as golden standards,the Kappa value of conventional ultrasonography was poor (Kappa =0.153,P =0.078),fine flow was moderate (Kappa =0.526,P ＜0.01) and ultrasonic elastography was better (Kappa =0.741,P ＜0.01).The area under ROC of ultrasonic elastography,fine flow and conventional ultrasonography was 0.899 (P ＜0.01),0.787 (P ＜0.01) and 0.568 (P =0.241),respectively.Conclusions Ultrasonic elastography is more valuable to differentiate malignant from benign lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the treatment of high altitude heart disease associated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children.

METHODSFifty children (aged 2 months to 2 years) with high altitude heart disease associated with severe PAH, who were continuously transferred to the Intensive Care Unit between January 2011 and October 2013, were randomly assigned to observation and control groups. The control group was given conventional treatment, while the observation group received oral sildenafil [1 mg/(kg . d)] three times daily for 7-10 days in addition to the conventional treatment. Before and after treatment, hemodynamics, blood gas, routine blood parameters, and blood biochemical parameters were recorded.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the observation group had a significantly higher decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure and significantly higher increases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen, cardiac output, cardiac index, and oxygenation index compared with the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, there were no significant changes in mean arterial pressure, routine blood parameters and blood biochemical parameters (P>0.05), and no obvious adverse reactions were found.

CONCLUSIONSFor children with high altitude heart disease associated with severe PAH, sildenafil can effectively reduce pulmonary artery pressure and improve cardiac function and does not cause adverse reactions. This therapy has good safety according to the preliminary evaluation.

Altitude ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; physiopathology ; Infant ; Male ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Purines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Sulfones ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Vasodilator Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Acanthoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-14 ; metabolism ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Keratosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Poroma ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE; To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Capsule (JTXZC) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of qi-yin deficiency phlegm-stasis inter-obstruction syndrome (QYDPSIOS), and to observe its effect on inflammatory factors and fibrinolytic factors.

METHODSBy adopting a randomization grouping, parallel control, and prospective study, 73 T2DM patients of QYDPSIOS were assigned to two groups by random digit table, the Pioglitazone Tablet group (36 cases, as the control) and the JTXZC group (37 cases). All patients maintained their basic therapies and lifestyle as previous after recruitment. Patients in the JTXZC group took JTXZC, 4 pills each time, three times per day, while those in control group took Pioglitazone Tablet, 15 mg each time, once daily. The therapeutic course for all was 8 weeks. The body weight (BW), the height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and scoring of Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms were observed. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAL-1) were detected. The safety indices such as liver and renal functions and adverse reactions were also observed.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, BW, BMI, HbA1c, and PBG were obviously lower after 8-week treatment than before treatment in the JTXZC group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in post-treatment BW, BMI, HbA1c, or 2 h PBG between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, levels of TNF-alpha and PAI-1 were lowered after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (P < 0.01). The level of NF-kappaB was obviously lowered after 8 weeks of treatment in the control groups (P < 0.05), but it also decreased in the JTXZC group with no statistical difference. The scorings of CM symptoms were somewhat improved after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01). Besides, better effects were obtained in the JTXZC group (P < 0.05). No severe adverse event occurred in either group during the whole therapeutic course.

CONCLUSIONSJTXZC showed similar therapeutic effect to pioglitazone. Both of them could effectively improve patients' clinical symptoms, the inflammation and fibrinolytic activities in different pathways, with no severe adverse reaction.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Qi ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

Aged ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Sinus ; pathology ; Female ; Heart Atria ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged