Objective To assess the anticonvulsant effect of midazolam, thiopental and propofol on the convulsion induced by ropivacaine in rats and the underlying mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats, 4-6 months of age, weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each : (1) control group (C); (2) ropivacaine group; (R) (3) midazolam-ropivacaine group (MR); (4) thiopental-ropivacaine group (SR) and (5) propofol-ropivacaine group (PR) . In control group normal saline 2 ml was infused i.v. . In ropivacaine group (R) 0.75% ropivacaine was infused i.v. at 0.5 ml?min-1 until convulsion occurred. In midazolam - ropivacaine group (MR) midazolam 0.23 mg?kg-1 was injected i.v. 3 min before 0.75% ropivacaine infusion. In SR and PR groups thiopental 2 mg?kg-1 or propofol 1 mg?kg-1 was injected i.v. 1 min before 0.75% ropivacaine infusion. As soon as convulsion occurred ropivacaine infusion was stopped. The animals were decapitated and their brains were removed and kept in liquid nitrogen for determination of the contents of excitatory ammo-acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) and the inhibitory amino-acids [glycine and ?-amino butyric acid (GABA)] by high-performance liquid chromatography . The amount of ropivacaine infused in each group was recorded and calculated.Results The dose of ropivacaine needed to produce convulsion was 4.6?0.5 mg?kg-1 in group R and was significantly increased in the 3 groups pretreated with general anesthetics and was 2.96 times the dose in group R in MR group, 2.84 times in SR group and 1.54 times in PR group. The 4 amino-acid concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in group R than in control group. Compared to group R the Asp, Gly and GABA concentrations were significantly lower in group MR and PR but in group SR only Asp concentration was significantly lower. There was no significant difference in glutamic acid concentration among the4 roopivacaine groups (group 2-5).Conclusion Midazolam, thiopental and propofol can all increase the dose of ropivacaine needed to induce convulsion and midazolam and thiopental are more effective than propofol.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; surgery ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Increasing demand for health services brings an opportunity for the development of health service industry, and the development is based on qualified talent support from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) education. This article expounded that developing health service is the realistic demand for deepening TCM education reform from the direction, number and quality of talent cultivation, and proposed the measures of deepening TCM education to train TCM health services: establish mechanism for co-ordination of supply and demand of TCM talents under the direction of market and guidance of government; form and optimize multilevel, multi-standard and multi-grade talent cultivation system; build talent evaluation mechanism and cultivation goals focusing on post competency.

Objective To investigate the relationship between transfusion transmitted virus (TTV)infection and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,the effect of TTV infection on the liver function, and analyse the feature of nucleotide sequences in TTV ORF1.Methods Serum TTV DNA,which were from 58 neonates with high direct bilirubin(DB,including 5 with hepatitis Syndrome),92 ones with high indirect bilirubin(IB),and 85 normal ones,was detected using a nested polymerase chain reaction technique(nPCR),electropherosis and sequence analyse,and serum alanine amniotransferase (ALT)was determined in all neonates.Results In DB neonates,TTV DNA were detected in 7 neo- nates(12.1%,including 3 neonates with hepatitis syndrome);in IB and normal ones,1 neonate had positive TTV DNA(1.1% and 1.25),respectively.Even if there were point mutations in Guangdong's TTV,the homology of Guangdong's TTV(GD1-9)and Japanese TTV(N22)ranged from 87.1%～97.8% at nucleotide level.Conclusion TTV infection may be one of important pathogenesis resulting in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and liver damage in such patients.Guangdong's and Japanese TTV isolates had the same genotype,some gene mutations maybe increase the pathogenicity in TTV.

Objective To analyze the mutations in nucleotide sequences of transfusion transmitted virus(TTV) in neonatal infection.Methods Neonatal serum TTV-DNA was detected by a nested PCR technique.Fifteen Chinese neonates with positive TTV-DNA were diagnosed as TTV infection.ORF1 sequences of TTV-DNA from these neonates were determined.Results Homology of Chinese TTV(C01-C15) and Japanese TTV(N22)isolated ranged from 87.1%-97.7% at nucleotide level,but there were point mutations in Chinese TTV,such as GG→TT in locus 112 and 113,TTATC→CCTAT in locus 236-240.Conclusions Chinese and Japanese TTV isolated had the same genotype.Some gene mutations may increase the TTV pathogen,and result in neonatal hepatitis syndrome or hyperbilirubinemia.

The major goal of microbial ecology is to study the structure and function of complex micro-bial communities. New molecular biological techniques have been successfully applied to analyze mi-crobial community structure. However they do not provide information on the physiologic properties of the detected microorganisms. A new tool for structure-function analyses in microbial ecology, micro-autoradiography combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH) can be used to simul-taneously examine the phylogenetic identity and the specific activity of microorganisms within a com-plex microbial community at a single-cell level. This article reviews the principle, experimental steps of MAR-FISH technique. The application of this technique in study of the environmental microbial com-munity and function is also summarized.

Objective To investigate the effect of patient positioning on the Duplex ultrasound evaluation of great saphenous vein reflux elicited by the pneumatic cuff method. Methods FFifty great saphenous veins (GSV) with relfux (relfux group) and iffteen with no prior history of venous disease (healthy group) were examined by duplex scanning in the supine, 20 degrees reverse-trendelenburg (RT-20), 40 degrees reverse-trendelenburg (RT-40) and standing position. Each GSV was assessed for relfux at three venous sites:two centimeter below the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ), the greater saphenous vein in the mid thigh (MGV) and the greater saphenous vein in the upper calf (CGV). Pneumatic cuff compression pressure of conifned 100 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was used onto the calf to elicit relfux. The incidence of positive venous relfux was calculated. The statistical differences of the peak relfux velocity and duration of relfux in four positions were analyzed. Results TThe relfux elicited in the standing position was set as the gold standard. In healthy group, there was no false positive results of relfux in supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions. In relfux group, false negative results were found at all venous sites when limbs were examined in supine position [false negative rate:59%(19/32), 22%(11/50), 24%(12/50)]. At RT-20 and RT-40 positions, the incidence of venous relfux reached 100% at MGV and CGV, and false negative cases were only detected at SFJ [false negative rate:12%(4/32), 12%(4/32)]. The relfux time in standing, supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions were (7.75±3.23) s, (5.27±3.66) s, (8.67±3.72) s, (8.55±3.93) s respectively. There were signiifcant differences among different positions in reflux time (F=56.9, P<0.01). In detail, no significant differences were identified between standing position and RT-20 or RT-40 position (q=1.51, 1.33 respectively, both P > 0.05), except for supine position (q=4.11, P<0.01). Peak relfux velocity in standing, supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions were (55.26±22.24) cm/s, (22.87±12.03) cm/s, (38.46±16.30) cm/s, (45.13±19.21) cm/s respectively. There were also signiifcant differences among different positions in peak relfux velocity (F=13.7, P<0.01). Comparing the supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions with standing position, differences of the peak relfux velocity between them were all statistically signiifcant (q=12.71, 6.59, 3.98 respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusions When GSV reflux was examined by pneumatic cuff compression, false negative rate was higher in the supine position. RT-20 and RT-40 position were effective to detect GSV relfux, espically for GSV at mid-thigh and upper calf.

Objective To study the changes of apoptosis and cell cycle progression of Hela cells after the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) was inhibited by its inhibitor 3-aminobenzamid(3-AB) and the mechanisms of PARP interaction with Hela cells damaged by irradiation.Methods Hela cell line was used.Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to examine the PARP expression of control and 3-AB groups at 0,2,4,8,12 h after administration with 5 mmol?L-1 3-AB.The percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle progression of control,irradiation,3-AB plus irradiation groups were measured with FCM at 2,8,12,24 h after exposure to 2 Gy irradiation following administration with 5 mmol?L-1 3-AB.Results The percentage of Hela cells with positive expression of PARP protein decreased after administration with 3-AB and there was significant difference between 3-AB plus irradiation group and control group(P

Objective To explore the features of high-frequency ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods The CEUS data and ultrasound data of 147 PTMCS which were reconfirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively,and the CEUS and ultrasonic characteristics of them were summarized.Results Among 147 nodules,144 (97.9％) nodules were hypoechoic,and 3 nodules were isoechoic.Vague edge was found in 136(92.5％) PTMCs,and 126(85.7％) PTMCs were irregular in shape.Totally 92(62.6％) PTMCs were A/T ＞ 1,microcalcifications were found in 81 (55.1％) PTMCs.Besides,26(74.2％) PTMCs were found microcalcification in 35 PTMCs combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT),while 55 (49.1％) PTMCs were found microcalcification in 112 PTMCs combined with HT.There were significant differences between them (P ＜ 0.05).The blood distribution of 129 (87.8％) nodules was type Ⅱ.The contrast-enhanced pattern of 147 (100.0％) PTMCs showed in-homogeneous enhancement in 144 (97.9％) nodules,hypoenhancement in 136(92.5％) nodules,and all the nodules without amicula.Conclusions The typical PTMCs are hypoechoic,irregular shapeand vague edge,usually were found as A/T ＞ 1,microcalcification,and type Ⅱ blood distribution.With the method of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,these nodules usually without amicula showed inhomogeneous and hypoenhancement.The incidence of microcalcification is more common when patients with Hashimoto's disease coexisting PTMC.

Adenoma ; metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; metabolism ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; metabolism ; Secretagogins ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; metabolism