Animals ; Extinction, Psychological ; physiology ; Fear ; physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation ; complications ; physiopathology ; Sleep, REM ; physiology

Objective:To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion, myocardial viability, LV remodeling, regional and global LV function serially following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chinese mini-pigs.Methods:AMI was established in 12 Chinese mini-pigs (8 males, 4 females; age: 6-8 months) and they were randomly divided into RIC group ( n=6) and non-RIC group ( n=6). RIC was performed in pigs by blood pressure inflation on the lower limbs for 5 min period and 4 cycles immediately after surgery. A series of myocardial perfusion imaging and gated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) myocardial metabolism PET/CT imaging were performed longitudinally at the 1st, 14th, 28th and 56th days after AMI, and parameters including total perfusion defect (TPD), hibernating myocardium (HM), Scar, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), summed motion score (SMS), summed thickening score (STS) and changes of these parameters were obtained. Independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze data. Results:Nine Chinese mini-pigs survived after surgery and were performed imaging. Compared to non-RIC group ( n=4), HM at the 28th ((6.0±2.4)% vs (17.0±4.6)%; t=-4.158), TPD 14th-1st ((-11.8±5.4)% vs 9.0%(4.5%, 15.0%); z=2.449), TPD 28th-1st ((-15.3±3.9)% vs (12.0±3.0)%; t=-10.071), TPD 56th-1st ((-18.0±6.5)% vs 9.0%(4.5%, 12.0%); z=2.449), HM 28th-1st ((-10.5±6.9)% vs (8.3±2.1)%; t=-4.507), HM 56th-1st (-15.0%(-17.5%, -8.5%) vs 2.0%(0%, 7.0%); z=2.449) and LVEDV 14th-1st (-0.5(-2.5, 0) ml vs (13.0±4.4) ml; z=2.470) were reduced in RIC group ( n=5; all P<0.05). Conclusion:RIC can improve myocardial perfusion, delay LV remodeling in the acute stage and salvage hibernating myocardium in the subacute stage and chronic stage.

Previously the diseases of pediatric hyperandrogenism were mainly diagnosed and evaluated by testing traditional androgens such as testosterone and androstenedione.However, clinical application has revealed a poor correlation between traditional androgens and the clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism in some patients.It has been proposed that adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgen may also be involved in the course of this type of disease.The concentrations of 11-oxygenated androgen are elevated in androgen excess diseases, and they fulfill a variety of roles in human physiology and disease.This article discusses three aspects of the synthesis process, activity and content of 11-oxygenated androgen and their application in three androgen excess diseases: congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia, premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome, in order to help clinicians expand their clinical understanding and investigative thoughts on 11-oxygenated androgen.

From an ethanol extract of Euphorbia micractina roots, seven steroids fifteen aromatic derivatives were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including column chromatography over macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as stigamast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-diol(1), stigamast-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol(2), stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol-7-one(3), stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one(4), stigmast-1, 4-dien-3-one(5), stigmast-3,6-dione(6), beta-sitosterol(7), scopoletin(8), aesculetin(9), 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(10), quercetin(11), 3,3', 4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid(12), p-hydroxyphenylethyl anisate(13), m-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol(14), (E)-cinnamic acid(15), (E)-ferulic acid(16), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(17), vanillic acid(18), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(19), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (20), ethyl gallate(21), and methyl gallate(22). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Steroids ; chemistry

AIM:To establish a method for obtaining specific cells in solid tumor tissue by sorting of CD11b + myeloid cells in hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.METHODS:Tumor tissues were prepared into single cell suspension by mechanical method combined with enzyme digestion,and then the CD11 b + myeloid cells were isolated by flow cytometry.The sorted cells were identified by immunocytochemistry.The viability and morphologiy of the sorted cells were evaluated by Giemsa and Typan blue staining.The cell purity was evaluated by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Sufficient numbers of CD11b+cells with high purity were isolated by sorting with flow cytometry from the single cell suspension prepared by mechanical and enzyme digestion.The purity of the cells was confirmed by statistical analysis (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of the cells before and after sorting were significantly different (P ＜0.01).The positive cells were verified by immunocytochemical method.Meanwhile,the sorted cells had complete morphology and good activity.CONCLUSION:The CD11b + myeloid cells in solid tumor tissue can be isolated by flow cytometry from the machine-enzyme digestion suspension with high purity,good activity and complete morphology.

Objective To characterize the immunogenicity in gene immunization of the conserved regions of hepatitis C virus(HCV) based on different delivery strategies. Methods We first constructed a novel DNA vaccine encoding a fusion gene(from partial NS3 and Core) of HCV. Then we compared different protocols based on naked DNA injection twice or DNA injection with gene electrotransfer(GET) in BALB/c mice. The immune response was measured by antibody ELISA and by IFN-gamma ELISPOT. Results Our data showed that a protocol based on intradermally injection of DNA with optimal GET induced the strongest humoral and cellular immunity, and DNA with GET induced a substantially higher anti-NS3/Core T cell re-spoase than naked DNA injection. Conclusion Our data suggest that DNA vaccines encoding NS3/Core fu-sion protein of HCV immunized by the present strategy could merit further study in the context of future prophylactic and therapeutic HCV T cell based vaccines.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of intra-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) monitoring in subtotal thyroidectomy of patients with nodular goiter.Methods The clinical data of 83 patients with nodular goiter admitted from Jan.2014 to Oct.2017 were analyzed.They were divided into non-monitoring group(38 cases) and the monitoring group (45 cases).9 patients had masses with a maximum diameter larger than 7 cm and 29 patients had masses with maximum diameter between 4 and 7 cm in the non-monitoring group.Among the 38 masses compressing trachea,one case also had esophagus compression.In the monitoring group,the maximal diameter of mass was larger than 7 cm in 15 cases and 4 to 7 cm in 30 cases.All the 32 cases had trachea compression and 2 cases had esophagus compression.All patients underwent routine laryngoscopy preoperatively,suggesting no RLN paralyses.Both groups underwent subtotal thyroidectomy under general anesthesia.Results In non-monitoring group,there were 18 cases with RLN exposed.Five patients had hoarseness after operation,and laryngoscopy showed weakened ipsilateral vocal cord.In the monitoring group,all patients successfully received the surgery and signals V1 were obtained during nerve monitoring.A total of 21 RLN were exposed intraoperatively.Signals V2 were obtained postoperatively,and they showed no significant reduction as compared to signals V1 and no hoarseness occurred.Incidence of RLN injury in monitoring group was significantly lower than that in non-monitoring group (P＜0.05,P=0.04).The rate of RLN injury in the non-monitoring group was higher than that in the monitoring group.Conclusion In the surgery for nodular goiter,intra-operative RLN monitoring can be applied to determine neural function and can effectively reduce the risk of RLN injury.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liu Wei Di Huang Tang,on irradiation-induced reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10): control group, LW-AFC group (1.6 g·kg-1), Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (LW) group (10 g·kg-1), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) group, irradiation group, irradiation+LW group, and irradiation+LW-AFC group. Reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis was induced by cranial irradiation.LW-AFC was administered by oral gavage for 30 d after cranial irradiation treatment. Immunofluorescence and Nissl′s staining were performed for histological morphology assessment. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining was used in the detection of proliferation cells. The peripheral blood and hippocampal homogenate were collected to measure the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-4 and IL-10.The hippocampal homogenate was used for Western blot to detect the BDNF-TrkB signal pathway, including extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and BDNF target protein. Morris water maze and new object recognition test were performed to examine the cognitive function of mice.The mice forced swimming and tail suspension test were used to assess alteration in depressive behavior. Long term potentiation was used to examine the synaptic plasticity change of mice. RESULTS Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly reduced after irradiation of 20 Gray dose (10 Gray per day, total 2 d). LW-AFC treatment increased the BrdU number of irradiated mice (P<0.05). In Morris water maze test, LW-AFC group showed decreased escape latency in the learning period (P<0.05), while increased the number of crossing the platform in the memory period. LW-AFC can also reduce the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test (P<0.01). CONCLU-SION LW-AFC modulates adult neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive impairment and reduce depres-sive behavior in radiation injury mice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone of different concentrations in the inner ears of SD rats after intratympanic injection.

METHODSTotally 144 adult SD rats were anaesthetized and dexamethasone sodium phosphate of different concentrations (5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml) was injected into the tympanums. The rats were sacrificed at various postinjection survival times (5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h), and every 4 rats were included into each group. Then after a series of processes the inner ear tissue was cryostat sectioned. The distribution of dexamethasone was evaluated using immunofluorescence with semiquantitative analysis. Immunofluorescence was also used in another 4 normal SD rats to detect the distribution of Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the inner ear.

RESULTSDexamethasone was observed initially 15 min after local drug administration and 30 min to its peak level. The highest concentration of dexamethasone labeling was seen in the spiral ligament, organ of Corti and spiral ganglion, which paralleled the distribution of GR. The tissue concentration of 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml groups was higher than 5 mg/ml every corresponding time point, and the lasting time was also prolonged from 48 hours to 72 hours.

CONCLUSIONSDexamethasone can enter into the cochlear tissue quickly after transtympanic injection, and its distribution accords nearly exactly with that of GR. Increase of the concentration of dexamethasone results in higher tissue distribution and longer lasting time.

Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on mineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC).

METHODSRat DPSC were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into three groups, IL-1β (10 µg/L), osteogenic inductive medium and non-osteogenic inductive medium. After 3, 7, and 12 days of treatment, the cultures were evaluated for cell proliferation and calcium deposit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the gene expression levels of osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1). In vivo test, after 3 day's treatment with IL-1β, the cell-scaffold complexes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 8 weeks. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate hard tissue formation.

RESULTSIn vitro test, after 3-day's treatment, IL-1β improved cell proliferation to 137.22 DNA µg/L and cell viability becomes (97.12 ± 7.18)% of control. The gene expression levels of OC, BSP, DSPP and DMP-1 are (378.19 ± 16.22)%, (427.12 ± 18.22)%, (247.19 ± 10.11)% and (198.29 ± 10.23)% respectively. The results of IL-1β's group was notable increased compared with non-osteogenic induction medium and the statistical differences are significant. IL-1β induced the odontogenic differentiation of DPSC. However, these effects tended to continuously decrease with treatment time. Histological analysis demonstrated that in the group treated with IL-1β hard tissue was markedly formed in vivo.

CONCLUSIONSIL-1β may induce the mineralization of DPSC and play an important role in host defenses and tissue repair.

Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Pulp ; cytology ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sialoglycoproteins ; metabolism