The problem of intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed, the TCM protection system and patent protection system are studied. The author puts forward some deficiencies of the existing protection system, and puts forward some improvement methods possible.

Child ; Humans ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Vocal Cords

Regeneration ; Tissue Engineering ; Vocal Cords

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Laboratories ; organization & administration ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; administration & dosage

Antihistamines,a group of drugs most commonly used for the treatment of allergic diseases in dermatology,exert favorable efficacy and are well tolerated in most people.Due to their wide application,the safety of medication is particularly important.When they are used in some special populations with allergic diseases,such as children,pregnant and lactating women,the elderly and people with hepatic or renal insufficiency,their pharmacodynamics,metabolic characteristics and interactions with other drugs should be fully considered,and profits of medication and potential adverse effects should be well weighed before choosing relatively safe antihistamines.In addition,decreasing the routine dose or prolonging intervals between the administration of antihistamines may also be attempted to achieve maximum safety.

Result of Bencaocogical studies on Changpu showed that it originated from two different source, one is Shuichangpu (Asorus calamas) while another is Shichangpu (A.tatarinowii and A.gramineus). Usually, Changpu grown on stony ground was referred to as Shichangpu.Jujiechangpu is a kind of Changpu with 9 nodal rings within an "inch" on its root stock,but that which is used in Northwest China is an cntirely different herb Anemone altaica.

With chinese pharmaceutical companies in the rapid development, there are many factors restricting their development, this article through consulting relevant literature, data and investing, analyzing the shortage of the pharmaceutical enterprises at the present stage in China and the factors of restricting their development, so as to put forward the solution to the current situation of pharmaceutical enterprises in China and the related measures, make more long-term and healthy development of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.

AIM To investigate the effects of p38 MAPK signaling on diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) induced apoptosis in CNE2 cells. METHODS Morphological changes and quantification of apoptotic cells were determined under fluorescence microscope after a 24 h treatment of CNE2 by DADS. Cell viability was determined with MTT method. Apoptosis detection was taken to the cells on flowcytometry. The expression of phospho p38 MAPK was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS After treatment with DADS at 50～150 ?mol?L -1 for 24 h,DADS elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes (chromatic condensation, nucleus fragmentation). The amount of apoptosis cells increased in a concentration dependent manner but cell cycle arrest did not at 50～150 ?mol?L -1 ,incubation of CNE2 with DADS for 24 h also induced phospho p38 MAPK expression in a concentration dependent manner. Interestingly, DADS induced apoptosis was markedly increased by preincubation with SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor,and increased the expression of phospho p42/ p44 CCDPK in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION DADS activates p38 MAPK,and phospho p38 MAPK signaling appears to play protective roles in DADS induced apoptosis in CNE2.

Metastatic colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Surgical resection of all known metastatic disease can be curative in selected patients. The majority of patients,however,require systemic chemotherapy as optimal palliative treatment for their disease. For years,effective treatment for advanced colorectal cancer was limited to fluorouracil. In the 1990s,two additional agents,irinotecan and oxaliplatin,were found to have activity against advanced colorectal cancer. Recently,new molecular targeted agents,bevacizumab and cetuximab,were for the first time demonstrated efficacy. Herein,we review recent developments in treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer and implication for optimal treatment in these patients.

Asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGPR),also called galactose receptor,is predominantly expressed on the sinusoidal surface of mammalian hepatocytes and is involved in many physiological functions.For many years ASGPR has been applied for targeting hepatocytes in drug and gene delivery and for functional mapping of the liver,and considerable progress has been made.ASGPR-mediated liver-targeted drug delivery mainly involved anti-tumor drugs and cholesterol-lowering drugs,etc.Liver-targeted gene delivery was often seen in antisense drugs.The research of hepatic imaging mainly involved the evaluation of liver function and identification between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastasis of tumors.In addition,researchers have also extended its applications to some new fields,such as three-dimension culture of hepatocytes,hepatocytes screening,and hepatocytes transplantation.New achievements in studies of ASGPR-mediated liver targeting are reviewed in this article.