Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of targeted population in the high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing, so as to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and remedial measures. Methods Six towns were selected in Chengkou and Wuxi Counties to found suspected dementia patients born after first Jan, 1997. Two hundred children aged 8-10 years were investigated in every town. The thyroid volume, intelligence quotient(IQ) and urinary iodine of the children were examined. Forty women (pregnant and nursing women) were investigated in every town. The iodine content of salt from their home was measured. The thyroid volume was examined by palpation and B-uhrasound. IQ was measured by combined Raven Test in China(CRT-RC2). Urinary iodine was determined using the acid digest arsenic-cerium contacting method, and iodined salt was detected using direct titration method. Results Six suspected dementia patients were found in the local town hospital. Five eases were excluded. There was 1 case born in other place. The rates of goiter by palpation and B-ultrasound were 9.58%(92/960) and 8.89%(65/731), respectively. The median of urinary iodine of children and women was 319.15 μg/L and 248.42 μg/L, respectively. The mean of IQ of the children was 103.32. The coverage rate of iodine salt from residents was 98.82%(336/340). Conclusions The iodine nutrition of children was good and there is no newly occurred cretinism in Chengkou and Wuxi Counties. Goiter rate and median of urinary iodine aged 8-10 years and of women, coverage rate of iodine salt from resident has meet the standard set for basical elimination iodine deficiency disorders.

The aim was to construct and identify the mammalian expression vector of pCAG-IRES-SHIP-GFP and to detect whether it could express in human acute leukemia cell line K562.The cDNA fragment of SHIP obtained by RT-PCR was inserted into pCAG-IRES-GFP.The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by restriction enzyme digesiton,PCR and DNA sequecing.pCAG-IRES-SHIP-GFP was transfected into K562 cells with lipofectamine 2000.The expression of SHIP was determined by GFP fluorescence and Western blot analysis.FQ-PCR was used to quantitate SHIP mRNA.The expression of p-Akt,Akt were determined by Western blot.PI were tested by flow cytometry and MTT to verify whether exogenous SHIP could inhibit proliferation of K562 cells.The results showed that the correct constrution of the recombinant plasmid pCAG-IRES-SHIP-GFP has been shown by restriction enzyme digestion,PCR and DNA sequencing.pCAG-IRES-SHIP-GFP could express SHIP protein in K562 cells.The K562 cells viability after transfected with SHIP gene droped down.Western blot analysis showed that phospha-Akt308 and Akt473 were reduced to 38.7% and 68% respectively.It was concluded that the vector of pCAG-IRES-SHIP-GFP has been successfully constructed and it can be expressed in K562 cells.The expression of exogenous SHIP gene can lead to apoptosis of K562 cells by down-regulating the p-Akt expression.What found here might be one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia.

4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase is a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in higher plant and may regulate the biosynthesis of ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis. In this study, the homology-based cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique were used to clone a full length cDNA encoding 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase gene (4CL), and then qRT-PCR was taken for analyzing 4CL gene expression levels in the root, stem and root tissue at different growth stages of seedlings of A. sinensis. The results showed that a full-length 4CL cDNA (1,815 bp) was obtained (GenBank accession number: KT880508) which shares an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 632 bp, encodes 544 amino acid polypeptides. We found 4CL gene was expressed in all tissues including leaf, stem and root of seedlings of A. sinensis. The expressions in the leave and stem were increased significantly with the growth of seedlings of A. sinensis (P < 0.05), while it in the root showed little change. It indicates a time-space pattern of 4CL gene expression in seedlings of A. sinensis. These findings will be useful for establishing an experiment basis for studying the structure and function of 4CL gene and elucidating mechanism of ferulic acid biosynthesis and space-time regulation in A. sinensis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Angelica sinensis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coenzyme A Ligases ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Probability sampling method(PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011.Forty children aged 8-10of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study.Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy.Body height and body weight were measured.The relationship between gender,age,height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed,respectively.Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8-10 were investigated.The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml.The goiter rate was 5.52％ (73/1322).Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml,respectively.There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male (H =0.68,P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid volume of children aged 8,9 and 10 was 3.30,3.53 and 3.76 ml,respectively.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups(H =52.49,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children height (110-,120-,130-and ≥140 cm,respectively) was 2.96,3.22,3.59 and 4.13 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups (H =149.23,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children weight(17-,20-,30-and ≥40 kg,respectively) was 2.71,3.31,3.91 and 4.74 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups(H =138.44,P ＜ 0.01).For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation,there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age,height and weight (P ＜ 0.05).The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411,0.3950 and 0.4285,respectively.The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640,0.1154 and 0.2319,respectively.The standard partial coefficient of age,height and weight was 0.640,0.1154 and 0.3410,respectively.The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 5.3.The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height.Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high.Thyroid volume is affected by age,body height and body weight.The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study.

Poxviruses, a type of ds-DNA viruses which mainly target at the epithelial cell, are the pathogens of human and animals. During the revolution of poxviruses, the viruses encode multiple proteins that regulate the immune system to monitor the viral reproductive cycle in host cells. The nuclear kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway is essential to signal transcription in the innate immune system. Therefore, poxviruses have adopted different strategies to elude immune detection and destruction regulated by NF-kappaB. Further research in this field would help us develop preventive and therapeutic preparation for pox. Given the renewed interest in poxvirus, we review the current understanding of how the various classes of poxviralimmunomodulatory proteins target and manipulate the NF-kappaB pathway.
Animals ; Host Specificity ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Poxviridae ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

BACKGROUND: Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACD-CPR) has been popular in the treatment of patients with cardiac arrest (CA). However, the effect of ACD-CPR versus conventional standard CPR (S-CRP) is contriversial. This study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of ACD-CPR versus S-CRP in treating CA patients. METHODS: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials published from January 1990 to March 2011 were searched with the phrase "active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiac arrest" in PubMed, EmBASE, and China Biomedical Document Databases. The Cochrane Library was searched for papers of meta-analysis. Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, survival rate to hospital admission, survival rate at 24 hours, and survival rate to hospital discharge were considered primary outcomes, and complications after CPR were viewed as secondary outcomes. Included studies were critically appraised and estimates of effects were calculated according to the model of fixed or random effects. Inconsistency across the studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic method. Sensitivity analysis was made to determine statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the criteria for this meta-analysis. The studies included 396 adult CA patients treated by ACD-CPR and 391 patients by S-CRP. Totally 234 CA patients were found out hospitals, while the other 333 CA patients were in hospitals. Two studies were evaluated with high-quality methodology and the rest 11 studies were of poor quality. ROSC rate, survival rate at 24 hours and survival rate to hospital discharge with favorable neurological function indicated that ACD-CPR is superior to S-CRP, with relative risk (RR) values of 1.39 (95% CI 0.99–1.97), 1.94 (95%CI 1.45–2.59) and 2.80 (95% CI 1.60–5.24). No significant differences were found in survival rate to hospital admission and survival rate to hospital discharge for ACD-CPR versus S-CRP with RR values of 1.06 (95% CI 0.76–1.60) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.73–1.38). CONCLUSION: Quality controlled studies confirmed the superiority of ACD-CPR to S-CRP in terms of ROSC rate and survival rate at 24 hours. Compared with S-CRP, ACD-CPR could not improve survival rate to hospital admission or survival rate to hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relative contribution of lifestyle and obesity to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

METHODSAll baseline survey data were based on the program Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Jiangsu Province (PMMJS) which was conducted during April 1999 to May 2004. In the baseline survey, 8685 participants were selected using multi-stage sampling method. Frem March 2006 to November 2007, 4582 participants who had been in the study for at least 5 years were included in the follow-up survey. A total of 3847 participants were followed and of them 3461 non-diabetic subjects were included in this analysis. High fat diet or not, low fiber diet or not, sedentary or not and occupational physical activity classification were defined as lifestyle variables and the incidence of type 2 diabetes at follow-up survey was defined as outcome variable. It was prospectively examined that the separate and joint association of lifestyle and obesity with the development of type 2 diabetes in subjects recruited from PMMJS, using logistic regression model.

RESULTSA total of 162 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during 6.3 years of follow-up in total 3461 participants were documented. The incidence rate was 4.7%. After adjusted for sex, age, family history of diabetes, blood pressure, lipids and fast plasma glucose, risk of type 2 diabetes increased with lighter occupational physical activity (compared with vigorous group, moderate group aRR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.26 - 3.68; light group aRR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.12 - 4.87), sedentary lifestyle (aRR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.90 - 4.54), low fiber diet (aRR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.53), overweight (aRR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.90) and obesity (aRR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.07 - 3.75). In joint analysis of lifestyle and obesity, the impact of sedentary lifestyle (in BMI < 25 group, aRR = 3.42, 95%CI: 1.99 - 5.86; in BMI ≥ 25 group, aRR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.13 - 5.12) and low fiber diet (in BMI < 25 group, aRR = 1.42, 95%CI: 0.81 - 2.54; in BMI ≥ 25 group, aRR = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.15 - 6.03) on diabetes were independent of overweight and obesity. When stratified by sedentary lifestyle or low fiber diet, there was no association between overweight/obesity and diabetes risk (sedentary aRR = 2.04, 95%CI 0.87 - 4.71, non sedentary aRR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.82 - 1.78; non low fiber diet aRR = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.87 - 1.84, low fiber diet aRR = 1.88, 95%CI: 0.80 - 4.80).

CONCLUSIONUnhealthy lifestyle, overweight and obesity independently increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The magnitude of risk contributed by sedentary lifestyle and low fiber diet are much greater than that imparted by overweight and obesity.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Lifestyle

Objective To study the impact on dynamic change of waist circumference(WC) through follow-up data on the incidence of hypertension in several cohort groups.Methods In this prospective study,2778 free-hypertension subjects were recruited from a program “Prevention of Multiple Metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Jiangsu province” (PMMJS) to evaluate the risk of hypertension in relation to WC dynamic change on normal WC or abnorminal obesity group.Dynamic change of WC was measured by WC D-value,which was expressed by data on the difference of WC between baseline and the first follow up.Study outcome was defined as incident hypertension during the first to the second follow up period in this study.The association between dynamic change of WC and incident hypertension was analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results There were 2778 participants,660 subjects developed hypertension during the follow-up,regardless of the normality of the baseline WC,the risk of hypertension increased across the tertiles of WC,while the incidence of hypertension was higher in non-control group than that in control group.In populations with abdominal obesity and normal WC at baseline,RRs (95％CI) of hypertension were 1.95 (1.19-3.19) and 2.38 (1.89-2.99) in subjects with abdominal obesity seen at the first follow up period,compared to subjects with normal WC in the same period.After adjustment for gender,age and other hypertension related risk factors,in populations with abdominal obesity and normal WC at baseline survey,RRs (95％ CI) of hypertension were 4.36 (1.69-9.74) and 1.44( 1.03-2.35 ) respectively,for the non-control group.Conclusion WC dynamic change was associated with hypertension,WC control while WC reduction was important for early prevention on hypertension.

Objective To investigate the association between ten single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the peroxisome proliferator-aetivated receptor (PPAR) α/δ/γ and essential hypertension (EH).Methods Participants were recruited within the framework of a cohort populations survey from the PMMJS (Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and MS in Jiangsu Province) which was conducted in the urban community of Jiangsu province from 1999 to 2007.Eight handred and twenty subjects (551 non-hypertensive subjects,269 hypertensive subjects) were randomly selected but were not related to each other.Ten SN P ( rs 135539,rs1800206,rs4253778 of PPAR αt; rs2016520,rs9794 of PPARδ ; rs10865710,rs1805192,rs4684847,rs709158 and rs3856806 of PPARγ ) were selected from the HapMap database.x2 test was used to determine whether the whole population was in H-W genetic equilibrium.SHEsis software was used to examine the relations of SNP and linkage equilibrium.Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between ten SNP in the PPAR and EH.Results Difference on the distribution of four SNP genotypes including rs1800206,rs9794,rsl0865710 and rs4684847 between high blood pressure and non-high blood pressure group,high systolic blood pressure(SBP) and normal SBP group,high diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and normal DBP group was significant (P＜0.05).After adjusting factors as age,sex,body mass index,fasting plasma glucose,high density lipoprotein cholesterol-C,high-fat diet and compared with wildtype gene carriers,the OR(95％ CI) of objects with rs1800206 V allele appeared in high blood pressure,high SBP and high DBP were 0.60 (0A1-0.89),0.57 (0.37-0.88) and 0.61 (0.39-0.96),respectively.The OR(95％CI) of objects with G allele of rs9794 were 0.63 (0.46-0.87),0.51 (0.36-0.73) and 0.68(0.47-1.01).The OR (95％CI) of objects with G allele of rs10865710 were 1.62 (1.19-2.20),1.59(1.14-2.22) and 1.53 ( 1.07-2.18),respectively.While the OR (95％ CI) of objects with rs4684847 T allele were 1.42 ( 1.04-1.94),1.38 (1.03-1.92) and 1.37 ( 1.00-1.88),respectively.Conclusion The four SNPs including rs1800206 of PPARα,rs9794 of PPARδ and rs4684847,rs10865710 of PPARγ influenced high blood pressure,high SBP and high DBP to different degrees.

The clinical application of Chinese patent medicines has suffered sever problems and required guidelines for clinical practices. Currently, the expert consensus method is more suitable for formulating clinical practice guidelines of Chinese patent medicines than the evidence-based method. However, there remain problems in the application of the expert consensus method. This study proposed a derivative expert consensus method--a method for formulating clinical practice guidelines of common Chinese patent medicines based on clinical practices, and introduced the method in terms of research thought, methodology and implementation procedure.
Evidence-Based Medicine ; standards ; Humans ; Nonprescription Drugs ; standards