Objective To investigate the value of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps. Methods One hundred and ten patients diagnosed as endometrial polyps by transvaginal ultrasound and undergone operative hysteroscopy and histologic examination, were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 110 cases 75 cases (68.2%) were accurately diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound,while 35 cases (31.8%) were misdiagnosed.The diseases misdiagnosed included endometrium hyperplasia,intrauterine adhesions and submucousmyoma.Conclusions Combining clinical symptoms with ultrasonogram characters and optimal time of detection can reduce the misdiagnostic rate of endometrial polyps.

objective To investigate the effects of health management on the progress of early diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods A total of 98 patients with early stage DN were randomly assigned to the study group (n =49 ) and the control group (n =49 ).Questionnaire survey was performed,and urinary albumin to creatinine rate (ACR),body weight,fasting glucose,postprandial 2 h glucose,blood pressure,and lipid profiles were measured.The patients of the study group received health and disease management for 3 years; however,those of the control group received no additional intervention other than essential treatment. At 3 years, all the participants completed the questionnaires and above-mentioned measurements.Results In comparison with the control group,ACR of the study group was significantly decreased at 3 years ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In the control group,urinary protein was found in 15 patients and 3participants developed end-stage renal disease.However,neither urinary protein nor end-stage renal disease was found in the study group.Risk factors of DN,including high blood glucose,high blood pressure,and high cholesterol,were significantly decreased in the study group (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Early effective health management of DN may contribute to decreased risk factors of renal disease and delayed disease progression.

Objective To evaluate the value of endometrial volume measurement and 3-dimensional power Doppler imaging(3D-PDI) in the differentiation between endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.Methods One hundred and fifty-six women who diagnosed as thick and inhomogeneous endometrium or hyperechogenic focal intrauterine structures by 2D ultrasound were enrolled,including 50 patients with endometrial polyps in the proliferative phase,51 cases with hyperplasia and 55 cases with normal histology or others.All were scheduled for hysteroscopy,dilatation and curettage,and the ultrasound was performed within 24 hours before the procedure. Endometrial volume, vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularity flow index (VFI) were measured. These parameters were compared between endometrial polyps group and endometrial hyperplasia group.Results These parameters (endometrial volume,VI,FI and VFI) were all considered statistically significant between two groups.Conclusions Endometrial volume and 3D-PDI are good diagnostic tools in the differentiation between endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.

Objective To explore the effects of ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction on contralateral kidney.Methods Twenty-four adult New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups,ie,complete obstruction group(group 1,n=8),partial obstruction group(group 2,n=8) and shamoperation group(group 3,n=8).In groups 1 and 2, the right ureter was ligated completely or partially.In group 3,the right ureter was only exposed but not ligated.The animals were killed 4 weeks after operation,and the contralateral kidneys were resected.Before killing,anterior urography showed that right hydronephrosis occurred in all the rabbits in groups 1 and 2.The contralateral renal weight was measured by electron balance.The apoptosis in the contralateral renal cortex and medulla was detected by FITC-AnnexinV/PI flow cytometric assay.The morphological changes of the samples were also studied.Results After 4 weeks,the contralateral renal weight of the rabbits in groups 1,2 and 3 was(3.96?0.20),(3.47?0.19) and(3.20?0.21)g/kgBW,respectively.The difference of contralateral renal weight between groups 1,2 and group 3 was significant(P0.05).In contrast,the apoptosis rates of contralateral renal medulla cells in groups 1,2 and 3 were(23.75?2.34)%,(11.82?1.40)% and(2.36?0.65)%,respectively.There were significant differences between these 3 groups(P

Objective To determine the value of helical CT for the follow up of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms(AAAs) after graft implantation. Methods Twenty six patients with AAAs underwent helical CT within 3 days after graft placement. Additional follow up CT scans were obtained in 22 patients 3 months after placement. The diameter of the aneurysmal sac, complications of the procedure, position, shape, and patency of the device were recorded. Results CT scans obtained within 3 days after placement showed complete thrombosis of the aneurysm in 20 patients, and 6 patients with perigraft channels; 3 months later, of 17 thrombosed aneurysms, 9 decreased in diameter, 7 remained unchanged, and 1 increased in diameter; of 5 aneurysms with perigraft channels, 2 decreased in diameter, 2 were stable, and 1 became enlarged. 20 of 26 patients (76.92%) were successful with endovascular repaire. Conclusion Helical CT is a valuable means in follow up of the patients after endovascular repair.

Objective:To establish a preoperative forecasting model for the nature of duodenal papillary tumors and to discuss its main predictors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted;the case group included patients with malignant duodenal papillary tumors and the control group included patients with benign duodenal papillary tumors.All the patients were from Changhai Hospital. Data of patients,including the demographic characteristics,clinical symptoms during onset,laboratory findings,and radiological data, were collected by face-to-face interviews or by reviewing the medical history.Chi-square,t-test or ANOVA were employed to performed univariate analysis.All factors with P values less than or equal to 0.25 in the univariate analysis were used as independent variables for multivariate analysis,and a Logistic regression forecasting model for the nature of duodenal papillary tumors was established.Results: Totally 199 patients with pathologically-confirmed duodenal papillary tumors were included in the present study,with 166 in the case group and 33 in the control group.Multivariate analysis showed that hemoglobin(Hb),total bilirubin(Tbil),direct bilirubin(Dbil), aspartate transferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),gamma glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) were independent predictors for nature of duodenal papillary tumors,with their odds ratios(95% confidence interval)being 0.981 (0.959,1.003),0.867(0.794,0.948),1.207(1.075,1.355),1.028(1.008,1.048),0.996(0.992,1.000),1.002(1.000,1.004),and 0.974(0.953,0.994),respectively.Conclusion:The Logistic regression model,which takes into consideration of Hb,Tbil,Dbil,AST, AKP,GGT,and CEA,can be used to predict the nature of duodenal papillary tumors,and its clinical value need to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone on the PingPang Racket flap survival.Methods Every two PingPang Racket flaps were designed on the both sides of 40 adult SD rats's back.The pedicle size was 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm,while the flap size was 3.0 cm in diameter circular.Longitudinal axis of flap was perpendicular to the center line of the rats back,to which the distance from proximal pedicle was about 1 cm.The flaps on the left side served as Ⅰ group,and the other side served as Ⅱ group,which were subdivided into Ⅰa and Ⅰb,Ⅱa and Ⅱb,respectively.And there were 20 rats in each subgroup.On the flap surfaces in group Ⅰ,it was 6 uniform injection poinsts,subcutaneously injecting with rhGF (the dose was 0.1IU · Kg-1 · d-1) for 7 days from the beginning of operation,that were designed.It goes the same way to the group Ⅱ,while normal saline was instead of rhGF.In subgroup Ⅰa and Ⅱa,the flaps were generally observed every day.The percentage of the flap survival area was determinated 7 days after operation.In subgroup Ⅰb and Ⅱb,specimens were collected at the distal end of flap at intraoperative(before injecting rhGF)and 1 st,3rd,5th,7th day after operation.Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent were applied to examine the expression of TGF-β1 and CD34,and the microvessel density of the flaps was calculated.Results According to the 7 days' observation after the surgery,the flap survival area percentage of subgroup Ⅰa was (97.00 + 2.12) ％,which was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05) than that of subgroup Ⅱ a,whose was (81.00 +3.43)％.On 1st,3rd,5th and 7th day postoperatively,the expression of TGF-β1,CD34 in both subgroup Ⅰb and Ⅱb were elevated and reached peak on the 5th day.Content of GF-β1 and CD34 in Ⅰb were 1571.40 ± 13.32 pg/ml and 60.40 ±0.32 pg/ml,respectively,and in Ⅱb were 691.43 ± 11.06 pg/ml and 20.43 ± 0.06 pg/ml.At the same point of time,the expression of TGF-β1,CD34 were significant higher in Ⅰb subgroup than that in Ⅱb (P ＜ 0.05).In subgroup Ⅰb and Ⅱb,the number of microvessels increased on postoperative 1 st,3rd,5th and 7th day,especially on 3rd,5th and tended to be stable at 7th day.At the same point of time,the number of microvessels in Ⅰb was always higher than that in Ⅱb (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Subcutaneous injection of rhGH on flaps can enhance the expression of TGF-β1,CD34,promote microvascular generation of the flap tissue directly or indirectly,and also improve the survival of PingPang Racket flaps.

Objective To describe aerobic capacity and body composition of school-aged children in Shanghai and explore the potential relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity.Methods Totally 63 school-aged children in Shanghai were measured for height,weight,fat percentage (FAT％),and fat-free mass (FFM).Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Body mass index (BMI),fat mass index (FMI),and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated.Aerobic capacity (VO2max and the maximum oxygen pulse) were measured using the COSMED fitmate metabolic systems (combined heart rate and cycling test).Results The boys who were obese or overweight had both higher absolute value of VO2max and lower relative values of VO2max than other boys [(1 038.50 ± 157.93) ml/min vs (923.90±82.03) ml/min,F=4.812,P=0.005; (23.62±4.22) ml/ (kg· min) vs (27.75 ±2.41) ml/ (kg · min),F =5.633,P =0.002].The girls who were obese or overweight tended to have higher absolute value of VO2max [(966.70 ± 131.22) ml/min vs (892.55 ± 108.71) ml/min] and lower relative values of VO2 max [(23.84 ± 4.30) ml/ (kg · min) vs (28.09 ± 4.52) ml/ (kg · min)] than other girls.After controlling for age,the relative VO2max values were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI),degree of obesity,FAT％,FM,FFM,FMI,FFMI (boys:r =-0.675,P ＜ 0.000 1 ; r =-0.634,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.667,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.726,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.594,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.686,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.456,P=0.010; girls:r=-0.651,P ＜0.000 1; r=-0.552,P=0.002; r=-0.527,P=0.003; r=-0.633,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.520,P=0.004; r=-0.579,P=0.001 ; r =-0.597,P =0.001).In boys,the maximum oxygen pulse was positively correlated with BMI,FFM,and FFMI (r =0.358,P=0.048; r =0.543,P=0.002; r =0.554,P=0.001); in girls,the maximum oxygen pulse was positively correlated with FFM and FFMI (r =0.378,P =0.043 ; r =0.449,P =0.014).Conclusions Aerobic capacity is associated with body composition in school-aged children.Higher degree of obesity is associated with poorer aerobic capacity.Maximum oxygen pulse is also associated with FFM.

Objective To survey the nutritional status and nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) of primary and middle school teachers in Shanghai,and to study the possible correlation of nutritional KAP with overweight/obesity and obesity-related complications.Method Using stratified cluster random sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 544 hygiene teachers and 150 non-hygiene teachers selected from all primary and middle schools in all districts in Shanghai,investigating the nutritional status and nutritional KAP in this population.Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity-related complications were significantly lower in hygiene teachers than in non-hygiene teachers (19.81％ vs.38.15％,t =22.303,P=0.000; 18.6％ vs.26.39％,t =4.156,P=0.047).The attitude score was the highest among the 3 surveyed parts,significantly higher than the lowest,which was practice score (hygiece teachers:91.76 ±13.66 vs.74.42±11.61,t=14.595,P=0.000; non-hygiene teachers:85.67 ±18.77 vs.69.88 ±13.30,t =25.400,P =0.000).Hygiene teachers scored significantly higher than non-hygiene teachers in all the 3 parts of KAP (knowledge:84.43 ± 11.98 vs.75.73 ± 16.82,t =5.822,P =0.000; attitude:91.76 ± 13.66 vs.85.67±18.77,t =3.640,P=0.000; practice:74.42 ±11.61 vs.69.88 ±13.30,t =4.030,P=0.000).There was no correlation between the teachers' body mass index and KAP scores,nor between obesityrelated complications and knowledge or attitude scores,while obesity-related complications was found correlated with practice score and KAP score (t =-0.146,P =0.005 ; t =-0.105,P =0.043).Conclusions The nutritional status of teachers in Shanghai primary and middle schools is associated with their nutritional KAP.There is a correlation between obesity-related complications and practice score.Hygiene teachers have better nutritional KAP compared with non-hygiene teachers.

Objective To investigate the association between activity energy expenditure ( AEE ) and body composition in school-age children.Methods A total of 62 students ( Grades 3 and 4, aged 8 -10 years) from a primary school in Shanghai were enrolled in this study .AEE was estimated with a metabolic cart (energy metabolism determination system ).Body composition (body mass, body mass index, fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, obesity degree) was evaluated by bioelectrical im-pedance analysis .The above indicators were compared between obese and non-obese students .Results There were no statistically significant differences in exercise time , total AEE and relative AEE between obese and non-obese boys [ (9.70 ±1.91) min vs.(10.00 ±1.97) min, t=0.336, P=0.739; (198.74 ±53.33) kJ vs.(171.54 ±41.75) kJ, t =-1.422, P =0.165; (0.46 ±0.09) kJ/(min· kg) vs.(0.51 ± 0.04) kJ/(min· kg), t=2.043, P=0.051], while obese boys had higher absolute AEE than non-obese boys [(20.06 ±3.14) kJ/min vs.(16.93 ±1.85) kJ/min, t=-2.910, P=0.007].Obese girls had shor-ter exercise time and lower relative AEE than non-obese girls [ (7.35 ±3.05) min vs.(9.98 ±1.82) min, t=2.509, P=0.027;(0.41 ±0.09) kJ/(min· kg) vs.(0.51 ±0.07) kJ/(min· kg), t=3.244, P=0.003 ] , whereas there were no statistically significant differences in total AEE and absolute AEE between obese and non-obese girls [ (129.29 ±71.13) kJ vs.(161.50 ±35.38) kJ, t =1.351, P =0.203; (16.82 ± 3.26) kJ/min vs.(16.17 ±2.00) kJ/min, t=-0.676, P=0.504].After controlling for age and gender, absolute AEE was significantly positively correlated with body mass index ( P=0.015 ) , obesity degree ( P=0.010), fat mass (P=0.047), fat-free mass (P=0.010), and fat-free mass index (P=0.003) in boys, but not in girls.Relative AEE was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index ( boys: P =0.000, girls: P=0.000), obesity degree (boys: P=0.002, girls: P=0.000), fat percentage (boys:P=0.000, girls:P=0.001), fat mass (boys:P=0.000, girls:P=0.000), fat-free mass (boys: P=0.002 , girls: P=0.022 ) , and fat mass index ( boys: P=0.000 , girls: P =0.000 ) in both boys and girls.Conclusions In obese children, AEE is correlated with body composition, with relative AEE reducing as obesity degree increasing.There may be complex relationships among body size , body composition, and energy metabolism in children.