Objective To explore the relationship between preoperative serum pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in the patients with closed rupture of small intestine,and postoperative secondary abdominal infection,and to study the value of postoperative serum pro-ADM in assessment of severity of postoperative secondary abdominal infection of this patients.Methods Eighty-five patients with closed rupture of small intestine treated in the emergency surgery from June 2014 to May 2015 were selected.According to the presence of postoperative abdominal infection or not,these patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group.The infection group was further divided into SIRS,sepsis,severe sepsis,septic shock subgroups as per the severity of infection.The levels of serum pro-ADM,interleukin-6 (IL-6),C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score was calculated at admission and the first day、the second day and the third day after operation.Comparisons of these biomarkers were carried out to find out the factors associated with postoperative abdominal infection.In addition,ROC curve was used to verify the factors for predicting the abdominal infection of these patients after operation.The relationship between serum levels of pro-ADM and APACHE Ⅱ score after operation was analyzed.The severity of abdominal infection after operation was assessed with laboratory findings.Results Compared with non-infection group,preoperative and postoperative serum pro-ADM (P =0.03,P ＜ 0.01),IL-6 (P =0.02,P ＜0.01) levels and APACHE Ⅱ scores (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.01) were significantly higher in infection group (P ＜ 0.05).In the infection groups,the postoperative levels of serum pro-ADM and APACHE Ⅱ scores were increased with the severity of infection increased (r =0.924),and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences in IL-6 and CRP levels between two groups.Conclusion (1) The serum levels of pro-ADM before operation has value in predicting the genesis of abdominal infection in these patients after operation.(2) The serum levels of pro-ADM after operation has value in severity assessment of abdominal infection in these patients after operation.

Objective To establish the amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay(AlphaLISA) for the detection of Sendai virus.Methods The antigen concentration,serum concentration and the donor beads/acceptor beads ratio used in the AlphaLISA method were optimumized by the phalanx experiments, then the antibodies of Sendai Virus in 40 rat sera were detected by the established AlphaLISA method and ELISA detection method.The results were compared and the differentia between the two methods was confirmed by IFA.Results The optimum concentration of SV bio-peptide in AlphaLISA assay was 250 nmol/L, the best proportion of donor beads/acceptor beads ratio was 1 ∶1, using the concentration of 20 μg/mL and the serum dilution was 1∶10000.7 of the 40 rat sera were detected SV positive by ELISA, the positive rate was 17.5%, 8 of the 40 rat sera were determined SV positive by AlphaLISA, and the positive rate was 20.0%, the AlphaLISA positive serum was confirmed by IFA.Conclusions We preliminary established the Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay(AlphaLISA) for the detection of Sendai virus.The sensitivity of the method is comparable to classical ELISA method, but this method use less serum samples and without washing steps.The method has some advantages in degeneracy and accuracy.

AIM: To investigate the postoperative changes of binocular visual function in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy.METHODS: Eye position and binocular visual function were examined in 28 patients with congenital superior oblique palsy pre- and post-operatively. The results were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The normal eye position rate after operation was 89.3%. There were 9 patients who gained simultaneous perception after operation, while 13 patients gained fusion as many as that gained stereoacuity. There was statistically significant difference between postoperative and preoperative eyes (P<0.05). Near stereoacuity was improved after operation. Patients who had better visual acuity and low strabismus degrees as well as fusion had a better recovery.CONCLUSION: The operation could improve the eye position and rebuild the binocular visual function of the congenital superior oblique palsy. The recovery of binocular visual function was related to visual acuity and strabismus degrees of the patients and whether they had fusion function.

BACKGROUND: Herbal wines are an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional medicated wine, lishizhen herbal wine,which can strengthen the immune function, has long been used for some chronic diseases. But,its mechanism remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To explore the immune pharmacodynamics of lishizhen herbal wine and to observe its effect on the immune organs (spleen,pancreas) and lymphocyte transformation rate in mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment based on the observation of the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and the department of pharmacology of a university hospital MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Central Laboratory of Zhongnain Hospital of Wuhan University from September 2000 to December 2000. A total of 90 healthy Kuming mice were involved in the study.METHODS: Different doses of the herbal wine,cartinellin and the same volume of distilled water were given to the experimental animals. The drug administration was orally injected directly to the stomach of the animals once a day and 10 days consecutively. One hour after the last administration,the animals were put to death. Then,the thymus gland and the spleen were taken out and weighed to calculate the indexes of the thymus gland and the spleen. In the last three days of the administration phytohemagglutinin(PHA)was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg once per day. Two hours after the last administration, the tails of the mice were cut out, the blood samples were taken to perform the Wright' s staining,and 100 lymphocytes were counted under immersion and the transformation rate was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: ① The effect on the immune organs of normal mice; ② The effect of PHA on stimulating the lymphocyte transformation in mice. Secondary results: ③ The death condition of the experimental animalsRESULTS: Different doses of the herbal wine increased the spleen index in different degrees. The effect of medium dose group was obvious[(3.71± 0.78) g/kg] (P <0.05),and the thymus gland index increased a little (P>0.05). The cartinellin in the positive control group increased the spleen index[(3.79±0.91 ) g/kg] and there was no impact on thymus gland index. The transformation rates of the lymphocytes of different groups were increased to a different degree and presented a good quantity-effect relationship,especially the group administered a large dose[(45±14)%] (P<0. 01).CONCLUSION: Lishizhen herbal wine has an effect of increasing cellular immune function.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the teaching model and method of pharmacy case analysis writing in standardized clinical pharmacist training. METHODS:Based on the training experience in our hospital,the purpose,contents,common problems and summary of pharmacy case analysis writing were analyzed. RESULTS:The aim of pharmacy case analysis writing was to cultivate students’pharmaceutical thinking and the ability to solve real-world pharmaceutical problems. The key was to reflect the clinical pharmacist’s role in the event. The common problems included inappropriate selection of topics,insufficient evidence in discus-sion,and unclear organization of contents,where teachers should pay more attention to. CONCLUSIONS:Improving the teaching of pharmacy case analysis writing can improve the quality of clinical pharmacy student’s case analysis and cultivate their practical skills.

Arsenic trioxide albumin microspheres (As2O3-BSA-NS) were prepared by using methods of chemical cross-linking. The desirability function (DF), calculated according to the size (<1 microm) distribution, drug loading and drug trapping efficiency, was introduced as a total index for the microspheres formulation. Four factors, inculding W/O ratio, decentralization speed, BSA concentration and stirring stabilization time, were selected and arranged in an orthogonal experimental table. The release characteristic was studied by the drug release experiment in vitro. The four factors affected DF differently. Decentralization speed behaved as the maximum (P<0.01), followed by BSA concentration (P<0.05) and the W/O ratio dose (P<0.05). Stirring stabilization time did not influence DF (P>0.05). The release experiment in vitro showed that As2O3 in As2O3-BSA-NS was released more slower than pure As2O3. It was concluded that regular As2O3-BSA-NS may be prepared by the methods of chemical cross-linking, which was optimized by orthogonal experimental analysis of different factors, and the microspheres can release As2O3 slowly.
Arsenicals/*chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers/*chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Microspheres ; Oxides/*chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/*chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To established cardiac-specific transgenic mice of the cTnC D145E and cTnCG159D and compare the HCM and the DCM.Methods The cTnCD145E and cTnCG159D were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and the transgenic plasmids were constructed by insertion of the mutant genes under the control of α-MHC, which is a myocardium specific promoter.The transgenic mice were generated by microinjection and were all maintained on a C57BL/6J genetic backgroud .The cardiac structure and function of the transgenic mice were compared and analysized by echocardiographic and pathological observation at different ages .Results The cTnCD145E and cTnCG159D transgenic mice were established and developed to HCM and DCM, respectively, with aging.The left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( EDV) decreased and ejection fraction ( EF) and left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness (ESPWT) increased in the cTnCD145E transgenic mice, while EDV and ESV increased and EF and ESPWT decreased in the cTnCG159D transgenic mice at 12 months of age.Conclusions Cardiac-specific human cTnCD145E transgenic mice showed HCM phenotypes , and cardiac-specific human cTnC G159D transgenic mice showed DCM phenotypes , which can be used as different models for comparative study of the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy .

Esophagogastric Junction/surgery* ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

BACKGROUND: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite microspheres may continuously release drug in phosphate buffer solution in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-loaded PLGA/nHA microspheres, and research the effect of nHA on drug loading,encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro materials observation was performed at Laboratory of College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology between February and July 2009.MATERIALS: PLGA was provided by Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.; nHA by Key Lab for Special Functional Materials,Ministry of Education; 5-Fu by Shanghai Kaiyang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.METHODS: 5-Fu, a water-soluble anti-cancer drug, was used as model drug, and was firstly adsorbed by nHA and coated with biodegradable and blocompatible materials of PLGA so as to prepare PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres by a single-emulsion solvent evaporation method (S/O/W). nHA and drug-loaded nHA were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as well as in vitro release of microspheres were studied with SEM, laser particle size analyzer, and UV-spectrophotometer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interaction between nHA and 5-Fu; drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release of Microspheres RESULTS: FTIR showed that nHA had a strong adsorption with 5-Fu. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres were 3.83% and 86.78%, respectively, which were significantly greater than PLGA-5-Fu microspheres. After initial burst, composite microspheres released more slowly than PLGA microspheres alone. At day 27, the cumulative release rate of composite microspheres and PLGA microspheres alone were 84.87% and 99.87%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Because nHA has a strong adsorption with 5-Fu, PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres compared to PLGA-5-Fu microspheres alone enhances drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, and has a better drug delivery effect.

Objective To explore the effect of glucocorticoid receptor(GR)expression in rat hippocampus on cognitive function after traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods The TBI model wag established in rats.Then,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the GR expression and evaluate its relation with cognitire dysfunction by Morris water maze. Results Expression of hippocampal GR was down-regulated 4-10 days after TBI.Morris water maze test showed significant impairment of the cognitive function in rats. Conclusion There is correlation between expression change of hippocampal GR and cognitive dysfunction.