In order to explore more reasonable and scientific accounting method of community health service costs, to improve the accounting method system of community health service cost. In the current existing community health services costing methods, based on the analysis of hospital cost accounting methods system, analyze and imitate the accounting method of hospital costs, establish a more scientific and implemented accounting method system of community health service costs: divide parts of clinics scientifically, redesign the center acollation method of indirect cost, confirm different cost accounting methods for different cost accounting objective and provide suggestion for the improvement of project cost accounting.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the elderly persons undergone with dialysis.Methods One hundred and eighteen patients undergone with hemodialysis(HD)or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)at the Eastern Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai during January 2002 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into four groups based oil their age and mode of dialysis, i.e., 44 patients in the elderly HD group(aged over 60years), 16 patients in the elderly CAPD group(aged over 60), 46 patients in medium-age HD group(aged under 60 years)and 12 patients in the medium-age CAPD group(aged under 60).Routine biochemical parameters were measured for all the patients and their difference was compared among the four groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors of cardiovascular complications.Results Pulse pressure(PP)was(66±21)mm Hg, serum level of triglycerides(TG)was(1.28±0.67)mmol/L, serum level of lipoprotein(a)[LP(a)]was(434±202)mg/L, C-reactive protein was(CRP)(21±15)mg/L, serum phosphorous(P3-)was(2.02±0.77)mmol/L, and product of serum calcium and phosphorous(Ca×P)was(4.3±1.6)mmol2/L2, respectively, in the elderly group with dialysis, all significantly higher than those in the medium-age group with dialysis(t=1.535, 1.016, 2.154, 2.252, 4.676, and 4.534, respectively, P＜0.05).Incidence of cardiovascular events was markedly lower in the CAPD group than that in the HD group(P＜0.05), either in the elderly or medium-aged patients.And, incidence of cardiovascular complications correlated positively with age, PP, LP(a), CRP and Ca×P of the patients with dialysis, but correlated reversely with serum level of albumin(all with P＜0.05).Conclusions There exist a few risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the elderly patients with dialysis, so proper mode of dialysis should be selected for those who need it and adequate intervention should be implemented for them to correct the risk factors.

Objective To investigate the interaction between NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats. Methods Sixteen male SD rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 rats in each group: control group (C) and morphine group (M). In group M morphine 10μg was administered intrathecally (IT) twice a day for 7 consecutive days. In group C equal volume of normal saline was given instead of morphine. Tail flick latency (TFL) (a segment of tail 4-5 cm long was immersed in 52-53℃ hot water) was used to measure the antinocicepitve effect of morphine before and 30 min after morphine administration every morning. MPE (percentage of maximal possible effect) was calculated (pain threshold after drug administration - baseline pain threshold)/(10- baseline pain threshold)× 100% . The animals were killed at the next day after last IT administration and the dorsal half of L4-5 spinal cord was isolated and homogenized for determination of NR2B and mGluR5 protein expression by Western blot and CO-IP. Results MPE was significantly increased at 1-5 d of drug administration and returned to baseline at 7 d in group M as compared with group C. The mGluR5 protein expression was significantly up-regulated in group M as compared with group C but there was no significant difference in NR2B protein expression between the 2 groups. Conclusion There is interaction between NK2B and mGluR5 in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) combined with Triptolide in inducing the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.Methods (1) The pancreatic cancer cells (MiaPaca-2 cells) were divided into 4 groups:blank control group (no drugs were added),TRAIL + Triptolide-group (only TRAIL was added),TRAIL-Triptolide + group (only Triptolide was added) and TRAIL+ Triptolide+ group (TRAIL and Triptolide were added).The vitality of cells in all the 4 groups was assessed by CCK-8.The expressions of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) and Caspase-8 were detected by Western blot.The vitality of cells was detected by CCK-8 and the vitality of Caspase-8 was detected by Caspase-Glo assays after adding Z-IETD-FMK,a specific inhibitor of Caspase-8.The expressions of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1),Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot.(2) The MiaPaca-2 cells were divided into 8 groups:①TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA-group (no TRAIL was added and Mcl-1 siRNA cells were not transfected),TRAIL+ Mcl-1 siRNA-group (TRAIL was added and Mcl-1 siRNA cells were not transfected),TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA + group (TRAIL was not added and Mcl-1 siRNA cells were transfected)and TRAIL+ Mcl-1 siRNA+ group (TRAIL was added and Mcl-1 siRNA cells were transfected).②TRAIL-Bcl-xL siRNA-group (TRAIL was not added and Bcl-xL siRNA was not transfected),TRAIL+ Bcl-xL siRNA-group (TRAIL was added and Bcl-xL siRNA was not transfected),TRAIL-Bcl-xL siRNA + group (TRAIL was not added and Bcl-xL siRNA was transfected) and TRAIL+ Bcl-xL siRNA+ group (TRAIL was added and Bcl-xL siRNA was transfected).The vitality of the cells in all the groups was detected by CCK-8.The expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 protein were detected by Western blot.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ± s.The comparison among groups was done by ANOVA,and the pairwise comparison was done by LSD-t test.Results (1) The vitalities of MiaPaca-2 cells in the blank control group,TRAIL + Triptolide-group,TRAIL-Triptolide + group and TRAIL + Triptolide + group were 100.0％ ± 1.1％,81.2％ ± 2.3％,78.6％ ± 3.6％and 40.1％ ± 2.5 ％,and the relative expressions of PARP protein were 0.510 ± 0.028,0.720 ±0.072,1.250 ±0.023 and 2.560 ± 0.220,the relative expressions of Caspase-3 were 0.080 ± 0.004,0.080 ± 0.003,0.110 ±0.005 and 2.720 ± 0.003,and the relative expressions of Caspase-8 were 0.070 ± 0.003,0.080 ± 0.005,0.120 ±0.003 and 0.990 ± 0.006,with significant differences among the 4 groups (F =203.607,1 457.785,332 421.900,35 437.218,P ＜ 0.05).The vitality of M iaPaca-2 cells in the TRAIL + Triptolide + group was significantly different from those in the blank control group,the TRAIL + Triptolide-group and the TRAIL-Triptolide + group (t =34.583,355.936,36.271,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of PARP protein of MiaPaca-2 cells in the TRAIL+ Triptolide + group was significantly different from those in the blank control group,TRAIL+ Triptolidegroup and TRAIL-Triptolide + group (t =591.784,63.739,2 268.987,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of Caspase-3 protein of the MiaPaca-2 cells in the TRAIL + Triptolide + group was significantly different from those in the blank control group,the TRAIL + Triptolide-group and theTRAIL-Triptolide + group (t =3 266.153,9 145.228,1 738.713,P ＜0.05).The relative expression of Caspase-8 protein of the MiaPaca-2 cells in the TRAIL+ Triptolide +group was significantly different from those in the blank control group,the TRAIL+ Triptolide-group and the TRAIL-Triptolide + group (t =663.953,l 432.878,327.584,P ＜ 0.05).The vitality of caspase-8 in the TRAIL+ Triptolide+ group was 711.0％ ± 5.1％ before adding Z-IETD-FMK,and then the vitality of MiaPaca-2 cells and caspase-8 changed to 70.0％ ± 4.8％ and 73.0％ ± 2.4％,with significant differences (t =17.956,55.027,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of Mcl-1 protein in the blank control group,the TRAIL + Triptolidegroup,the TRAIL Triptolide + group and the TRAIL + Triptolide + group were 1.68 ± 0.22,2.08 ± 0.11,0.73 ±0.15 and 0.58 ± 0.18,the relative expressions of Bcl-xL protein were 0.65 ± 0.03,0.47 ± 0.03,0.32 ± 0.03and 0.26 ±0.05,the relative expressions of Bcl-2 protein were 0.65 ± 0.03,0.67 ± 0.03,0.62 ± 0.05 and 0.67 ± 0.03,with significant difference among the 4 groups (F =55.178,88.683,3.411,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of Mcl-1 protein of the MiaPaca-2 cells in the TRAIL-Triptolide + group and the TRAIL+ Triptolide +group were significantly different from those of the blank control group (t =23.506,47.631,P ＜ 0.05) and the TRAIL + Triptolide-group (t =58.457,37.115,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of Bcl-xL protein of the MiaPaca-2 cells in the TRAIL-Triptolide + group and the TRAIL + Triptolide + group were significantly different from those of the blank control group (t =38.105,42.219,P ＜ 0.05) and the TRAIL + Triptolide-group (t =32.476,15.814,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of Bcl-2 protein in the TRAIL-Triptolide + group and the TRAIL+ Triptolide + group were not significantly different from those of the blank control group (t =4.724,1.732,P > 0.05) and the TRAIL + Triptolide-group (t =3.464,0.000,P ＞ 0.05).(2) The vitalities of MiaPaca-2 cells of the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA-group,TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA-group,the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA + group and the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA + group were 100.0％ ± 2.2％,79.3％ ± 1.8％,71.2％ ± 3.2％ and 37.3％ ± 5.4％,the relative expressions of Caspase-8 protein were 0.100 ± 0.003,0.100 ± 0.005,0.100 ± 0.003 and 0.350 ±0.005,and the relative expressions of Caspase-3 protein were 0.020 ± 0.003,0.060 ± 0.003,0.020 ± 0.003 and 0.590 ±0.004,with significant differences among the 4 groups (F =136.681,2 717.391,44 471.429,P ＜0.05).The vitality of MiaPaca-2 cells of the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA + group was significantly different from those in the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA-group,the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA-group and the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA + group (t =33.937,20.207,26.689,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of Caspase-8 protein of the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA +group was significantly different from those in the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA-group,the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA-group and the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA + group (t =216.506,433.013,144.338,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of Caspase-3 protein of the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA + group was significantly different from those in the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA-group,the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA-group and the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA + group (t =329.09,458.993,987.269,P ＜0.05).The vitalities of MiaPaca-2 cells of the TRAIL-Bcl-xL siRNA-group,the TRAIL+ Bcl-xL siRNA-group,the TRAIL-Bcl-xL siRNA + group and the TRAIL+ Bcl-xL siRNA + group were 100.0％ ± 2.3％,87.2％ ± 4.1％,74.1 ± 3.7％ and 56.3％ ± 5.4％,and the relative expressions of Caspase-3 protein were 0.060 ±0.004,0.070 ± 0.003,0.060 ± 0.004 and 0.390 ± 0.003,with significant differences among the 4 groups (F =70.074,4 643.478,P ＜ 0.05).The vitality of MiaPaca-2 cells of the TRAIL + Bcl-xL siRNA + group was significantly different from those in the TRAIL-Bcl-xL siRNA-group,the TRAIL+ Bcl-xL siRNA-group and the TRAIL-Bcl-xL siRNA + group (t =24.416,41.170,18.136,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of Caspase-3 protein of the TRAIL + Bcl-xL siRNA + group was significantly different from those in the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA-group,the TRAIL + Mcl-1 siRNA-group and the TRAIL-Mcl-1 siRNA + group (t =285.788,554.256,190.526,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Triptolide could induce the apoptosis of MiaPaca-2 cells by inhibiting the expressions of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL,sensitizing TRAIL and activating Caspase-8 and Caspase-3.

Saliva and samples containing saliva were regarded as a kind of potential biological trace evidencefor individual identification in forensic science practice. In this paper, the authors have studied theDNA analysis of saliva and saliva containing samples. The results demonstrated that DNA can be extracted from saliva and saliva-containing samples. RFLPs analysis by DNA fingerprinting and PCRbased typing can be performed according to the amount of DNA extracted from these samples.

Objective:Discuss how the management of implantable medical consumables can be standard during the links of production, transportation, internal logistics of the hospital and the sector of using. Methods: In accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations, and long-term management practice and experience, and aiming at the specialty and high risk characteristics of implanting medical consumables, we apply information technique to regulate the standard operation of the whole medical supplies links (raw materials, processing of products, marketing, warehousing transportation, and the usage of the patients), therefore the roots can be traced back. The implanted medical supplies traceability standardized management needs to be explored. Results: Through the establishment of the traceability management process system of implanting medical supplies, the standard management mode of the medical supply technique will be attained. Even when the information is incomplete, we can retrieve and trace back quickly. Therefore, the goal of controlling the adverse events of medical implants, reducing medical risks can be achieved. Conclusion:the discussion above can be taken as a reference to the standardization of the management of implantable medical consumables.

Objective To design a public sentiment & panic degree analysis system for medical emergency.Methods Based on public sentiment monitoring through Internet,web-based data-mining technology was applied to measurement of public panic.Results A new idea for monitoring of public sentiment & panic degree during medical emergency was put forward.Conclusion Medical emergency results in not only material loss,but also public panic,and Internet makes public panic spread rapidly.The public sentiment & panic degree analysis system can provide decision support when the authorities perform emergency management.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss what service marketing strategies the pharmaceutical enterprises in China should choose in the face of more and more fierce competition in pharmaceutical markets.METHODS:The service characteristics of both prescription drugs and over-the-counter(OTC)drugs were analyzed and new conceptions in pharmaceutical marketing such as the development and application of the service marketing were introduced as well.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Di?versity,standardization,materialization are the right way the pharmaceutical enterprises should follow in the prescription drugs services;however,standardization,mechanics,brands are necessary for the OTC drugs services.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Astragalus Injection (Radix Astragali) on acute murine myocarditis caused by Coxsackievirus B 3. Methods: Acute viral myocarditis was induced in 24 Balb/c mice by injection of Coxsackievirus B 3m (CVB 3m ) intraperitoneally. Half of the mice were administered Astragalus Injection(10g/kg?d). Heart and blood samples were obtained from all mice on the 8th day after CVB 3m infection for histopathological study, detection of myocardial perforin expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reacton(RT PCR) and measurement of serum CK MB level, respectively. Results: (1) Astragalus treated mice showed a significant reduction in myocardial lesion compared with that in untreated mice. (2) Myocardial perforin expression by semi quantitative RT PCR in Astragalus treated mice was much lower than that in controls(1.10?0.07 vs 1.31?0.12, P

Adolescent ; Colon, Ascending ; pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Colonic Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglioneuroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male