Objective To study the screening value of color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for gastroesophageal reflux(GER).Methods Through the window of left lobe liver, the abdominal esophageal length,the phenomenon of GER and the frequency of GER were detected by CDFI in 55 children with GER and 55 control group.Results Abdominal esophagus was identified by CDFI in every children. The abdominal esophageal length was shorter in refluxers than that in control group. A significant correlation was found between its length and the age of control group.To diagnose GER with CDFI ,its accuracy was 98.18%,and its specificity was 76.36%.Conclusions Visualization and measurements of the abdominal esophagus are readily achieved with CDFI in children.Abdominal esophageal length is shorter in refluxers than that in control group. CDFI is a rapid method of screening GER.

Objective To study whether gastric liquid emptying is delayed in children with gastroesophageal reflux and its clinical significance. Methods At different times after meal, the gastric antral diameters were measured by real - time ultrasonography in 55 children with gastroesophageal reflux and 55 controls. Results At 20 min,60 min after meal , there was a significant difference in gastric emptying rate between case groups and control groups, respectively(P

Biotechnology ; China ; International Agencies ; organization & administration ; Safety ; Societies ; organization & administration

ObjectiveTo evaluate the functional changes of stunned myocardium before and after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) treatment,and clear the meaning of revascularization which CABG has brought to patients with diffused vascular changes.MethodsA total of 36 patients with 99％ diffused coronary artery stenosis in left anterior descending branch underwent non-pump CABG treatment in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery the First affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University.Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was repeatedly performed 1 week before operation and 10 days,1 month,and 3 months after CABG.Regional diastolic volumes,systolic volumes,ejection fractions,regional stroke volume to global diastolic volume and the values of abnormal segments before and after CABG were studied.ResultsOne week before operation and 10 days,1 month and 3 months after CABG,the differences of volumes between groups in the last phases of diastole and systolic were statistically significant in anterior wall basement segment,anterior septal basement segment,anterior wall intercalary segment,anterior septal intercalary segment,anterior wall of apex cordis and septation of apex cordis(F =3.51,3.55,4.08,4.05,2.98,3.01,all P ＜ 0.05; F =4.51,4.55,4.08,3.00,2.96,2.99,all P ＜ 0.05).The values of the six segments mentioned above,3 months after operation[(6.74 ± 1.23),(6.64 ± 1.21),(6.02 ± 1.10),(5.95 ± 1.09),(5.82 ± 1.06),(5.10 ± 0.93)ml; (2.74 ± 0.50),(2.69 ± 0.49),(2.51 ± 0.46),(2.32 ± 0.42),(2.36 ± 0.43),(2.03 ± 0.37)ml] were compared with those of 1 week before operation[(8.33 ± 1.52),(8.20 ± 1.50),(7.43 ± 1.36),(7.36 ± 1.34),(7.19 ± 1.31),(6.29 ± 1.15)ml; (4.94 ± 0.90),(4.85 ± 0.88),(4.53 ± 0.83),(4.18 ± 0.76),(4.25 ± 0.78 ),(3.65 ± 0.67)ml],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05); the differences between groups in regional ejection fractions,regional-global ejection fractions were statistically significant(F =4.56,4.88,4.28,3.15,2.93,2.88,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05; F =5.56,5.28,4.98,5.15,3.03,2.78,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Compared with 1 week before the operation, 1 month after the operation in regional ejection fractions,10 days,1 month in regionalglobal ejection fractions after the operation,4 segments of them were significantly improved(all P ＜ 0.05) and 3 months after operation,all the 6 segments had been improved significantly(all P ＜ 0.05).The maximum volume of the sum of group difference of the 6 segments and the 4 segments in the last phase of diastole was statistically significant(F =2.58,5.81,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ),and the summation began to decrease 10 days after the operation.The values of 3 months after operation[ (36.27 ± 1.10),(25.35 ± 1.16)ml] were compared with that of 1 week before operation[ (44.80 ± 1.36),(31.32 ± 1.43)ml ] the difference was statistically significant (all P＜ 0.05).The maximum volume summafion comparisons of 6 segments and 4 segments in the last phase of systolic had statistical significance(F =5.77,5.57,all P ＜ 0.01 ),and 10 days after the operation,the summation began to decrease.The values of 1 month[(16.4 0 ± 0.48),(11.58 ±0.51 )ml],and 3 months after operation[ (14.65 ± 0.45),(10.26 ± 0.46)ml],were compared with those of 1 week before operation[ (26.40 ± 0.80),(18.50 ± 0.84)ml],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsStunned myocardium can be improved through CABG in myocardium systolic,diastole function and ejection fractions of the relevant segments and all of this have proved that patients undergoing CABG revascularization can improve the heart function of the ischemic area.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application value of morphology assessment of sperm from fresh semen in routine in vitro fertilization (IVF).

METHODSWe analyzed the morphology of the sperm from fresh or optimized semen samples and, based on the sperm morphology of the raw semen, allocated 908 IVF cycles due to the pure tubal factor to different groups: morphologically normal sperm (MNS) ≤ 4%, > 4% - ≤ 15%, and > 15% in Trial 1 and MNS ≤ 1%, > 1% - ≤ 2%, > 2% - ≤ 3%, and > 3%-- ≤ 4% in Trial 2. We compared the rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, -blastocyst formation, and pregnancy among different groups.

RESULTSThe total fertilization rate was significantly lower in the MNS ≤ 4% than in the MNS > 4% - ≤ 15% and >15% groups (74.40% vs 78.61% and 80.03%, P < 0.01). Compared with the MNS ≤ 1%, > 1% - ≤ 2%, and > 2% - ≤ 3% groups, the MNS > 3% - ≤ 4% group showed remarkably increased rates of 2PN normal fertilization (77.23%, 78.97% and 78.99% vs 85.47%, P < 0.01), cleavage (95.71%, 96.01% and 97.27% vs 98.73%, P < 0.05), and blastocyst formation (53.85%, 49.01% and 49.55% vs 63.41%, P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of clinical pregnancy, implantation, early abortion, live birth, or malformation at birth among different groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMNS ≤ 4% affected the total rate of fertilization while MNS ≤ 3% reduced the rate of normal fertilization in IVF. However, even MNS ≤ 1% did not result in fertilization disorder or failure. Therefore, teratozoospermia alone was not an indicator of ICSI and sperm mor- phology assessment had no obvious value for predicting the rates of embryo quality, clinical pregnancy, and live birth in IVF.

Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

Although haze and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are different, they are not only both closely related to climate, but also take respiratory symptom as their main clinical manifestation when they play pathogenetic roles. Based on the comparative analysis of the pathogenic properties of haze and SARS, this article speculated the conditions and characteristics of the morbidity of "warm haze", a newly serious infectious disease which consists of haze combines abnormally warm climate that potentially occurs, as well as proposes related early warnings and measures in order to provide reference for TCM in preventing newly infectious diseases and inspire a new thinking of TCM in preventing diseases which consist of both climatic and environmental factors.

AIMTo establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (time-of-flight) [LC-MS (TOF)] method for the determination of donepezil in human plasma after an oral administration of 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride tablet.

METHODSAlkalized plasma was extracted with isopropanol-n-hexane (3:97) and loratadine was used as internal standard. Solutes were separated on a C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-acetate buffer (pH 4.0) (80:20). Detection was performed on a time-of-flight mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI interface and operated in positive-ionization mode. Donepezil quantitation was realized by computing the peak area ratio (donepezil-loratadine) (donepezil m/z 380[M + H]+ and loratadine m/z 383[M + H]+) and comparing them with calibration curve (r = 0.9998).

RESULTSThe linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-15 micrograms.L-1. The detection limit of donepezil was 0.1 microgram.L-1. The average recovery was more than 90%. The intra- and inter-run precision was measured to be below 15% of RSD.

CONCLUSIONThe method is sensitive, simple and rapid, so, it can meet the need of the studies on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of donepezil.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Indans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Piperidines ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on human T-cell proliferation resulted from stimulation with PHA and possible immunomodulating mechanism. T cells were positively selected by CD3(+) magnetic beads, and were then co-cultured with irradiated MSCs overnight before the addition of PHA. T-cell proliferation was measured by BrdU assay and the degree of apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI. T cells co-cultured with or without MSCs were treated with PHA for 72 hours, then harvested. They were labeled with anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD25 antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that MSCs inhibited T-cell proliferation, but did not induce T cell apoptosis. There were no significant changes in the ratio of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of MSC-treated group, as compared with the control group. After stimulation with PHA, there was an increase in CD4(+) T cells and decrease of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in MSC co-cultured group. It is concluded that the MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation after stimulation with PHA, and show more inhibitive effects on CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, but CD25(+) regulatory T cells may not be involved in this process.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo probe the effect and mechanism of Compound Glycyrrhizin in treating AIDS.

METHODSForty AIDS patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, both treated with HAART. In addition, the former was given Compound Glycyrrhizin for 6 months, and the CD4+ T count and the expressions of CD8+ and HLA-DR on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were studied before and after the treatment.

RESULTSAfter 6 months of treatment, the expressions of CD8+ and CD38+ of PBL in the treatment group [(6.6 +/- 2.1)%] were found lower than in the control [(11.4 +/- 3.8)%] (t = 5.043, P < 0.01) and CD4+ T count [(243.6 +/- 91.2) x 10(6)/L vs (170.8 +/- 55.7) x 10(6)/L] rose more significantly (t = 3.045, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCompound Glycyrrhizin can lower the expression of active T-lymphocyte subset, inhibit HIV and help immune reconstitution.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; biosynthesis ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; HLA-DR Antigens ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate surgical treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer.

METHODSFrom July 1993 to July 2003, clinical data of 297 cases undergoing emergency operation for obstructing colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively. There were 103 cases with right-sided lesion and 194 cases with left- sided lesion.

RESULTSAll patients received emergency operation. Stage i tumor resection and anastomosis were performed in 126 patients including 98 cases with right- sided lesion and 28 with left- sided lesion, total or subtotal colectomy in 108,Hartmann operation in 36,Dixon operation in 9, ileocolic anastomosis in 11,and colostomy in 7 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 53 cases (17.8% ) including incision infection, intraperitoneal infection and intestinal fistula. There were 17 perioperative deaths. Two hundred and eighty cases healed (94.3% ).

CONCLUSIONStage i tumor resection and anastomosis and total or subtotal colectomy are feasible and safe surgical procedures for obstructing colorectal cancers.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Colectomy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies